海外存知己，天涯若比邻。

在海外专辑分享海外华人的故事。希望这份分享可以让世界更加海阔天空。

第三十八期为您奉上的是在麻省理工学院学习工作的邱外山。

为什么出国？
Why study abroad?

父母经常鼓励我出去看看，但自己一直没概念。同济本科大四时幸运获得了JWDA·骏地-同济奖学金，有机会到西海岸走了一圈，短短两周触动很大。在Salk Institute面朝大海的时候觉得，世界真的很大，确实想多看看。

My parents always encouraged me to study abroad. But I did not have any ideas until in 2012, when I was a 4th year student. I was honored a JWDA-Tongji Travelling Scholarship to west coast of United States. Facing the endless Pacific Ocean, I felt lots of things abroad to be explored.

在国外遇到了什么让你印象最深刻的事情？
Is there anything happened impressed you the most abroad?

一个是国外教学体系里设计和研究是真的要结合的。另外还在伦敦时，特别感受到欧洲年轻设计师和学者的学术追求。在行业非常不好的情况下，他们很多在UCL,AA,GSD各种学校勤勤恳恳身兼数职。虽然看起来挺清贫的，但是状态很好，但看到惊艳的图纸，聊到执着的理论，依然会两眼发光。

There is something called “Design Research”. They really believe in it and practice in it. The other thing is that, lots of designers still enjoy design research though the market is bad and their living condition are not good. For instance, to earn a living, the most talented young design researchers have to take several jobs in UCL/AA/GSD at the same time. However they still feel optimistic about the discipline.

最想念祖国的什么？
What do you miss the most about China?

想念家人，朋友和家乡的美食。和许多人不同，我反而喜欢国内社会整体呈现的，虽然混沌、市井、繁杂，但充满朝气的氛围。

I miss my parents, my family, my friend, and the foods in my hometown. Generally speaking, I enjoy Chinese context much better comparing to UK and USA, despite its chaos, its working stress and its contemporary secularism. I strongly miss the vigor atmosphere in China.

你会回国吗？为什么？
Will you go back to China? Why or why not?

一定会。一是个人喜欢和更适应国内工作生活社交的文化。从实用主义上说，回国能实现更大价值。另一方面，还是挺理想主义的。中国城乡问题很大，依赖中国人解决最靠谱。大批优秀的中国设计师留在海外，而把大量国内问题留给国外设计师，是一种文化错位。无论是让中国人理解国外的政策法规流程和社会文化，还是让老外来理解中国，都是更低效和肤浅的。

Definitely yes. Frankly speaking, I am used to the context of China. Without doubts, the experience oversea benefits me more if I went back. Most importantly, there are big issues in China’s urban and rural development. It needs efforts from generations of Chinese. I am not saying we have to exclude foreign designers, but Chinese problems should be largely relied on us Chinese. It is a huge mismatch if talented young Chinese designers stay oversea building foreign countries, while foreigners rush to Chinese market. The more research and projects I do oversea, the more important I feel about ‘context specific’ is. The most context-specific designers to China is us Chinese.

Working Photo

出国后在不同的背景下再看中国是否看得更清晰，有哪些感触？
Is it more distinct to view China in a different environment after going aboard? Any thought?

看学科看行业应该是有帮助，但也错过很多亲历中国变化的机会。感触之一是“历史总是惊人的相似”。最近读拉美城市化文章较多，甚至能从“拉美经济和地产萧条后，总体建筑品质反而上升”的故事里看到中国过去和现在的影子。

It is helpful in terms of seeing a more integral image of our discipline. Meanwhile I also regret losing opportunity to engage in everyday changes that happen in China. Interestingly enough, history repeats itself, everywhere. We even see similarity between the urbanization in Latin America and China in terms of what happen after the relative depress of economic and real estate.

你的学校有哪些教育特点？
What features do your schools have respectively?

三所都是顶尖学校。看排名也是：QS学科世界排名MIT第一，UCL第二，同济第16。三校风格截然不同，也侧面反映三个国家的不同状态。我只能尽量谈谈个人感受。

同济很符合快速和大量城镇化的国情，强调“适用”，近年来与国际接轨也越来越频繁。UCL符合英国重学术传承的传统，受50年代控制论，60年代电讯派和之后参数化影响极其深刻，可谓一脉相承，肯定是走在“最前沿”去探索机械建造、生命科学等跨学科边界。重“实验性”“理论性”而有意识放弃“应用”。MIT和UCL或AA相比反而不高技，符合美国教育强调的“批判性应用”。说来有点类似“折衷”的智慧，既要批判，还要能应用，一定要能应用。MIT在具体路线上，很重视和各利益相关者，特别是规则制定者合作来实践。

I would say all three schools are top ones in the world. Actually they are. MIT ranks 1st, UCL ranks 2nd, and Tongji ranks 16th. Three schools are totally different in which reflect the distinct context and condition of three countries.

Tongji University reflects the rapid and widespread urbanization in China. For me the education emphasizes an appropriate and detail design that can be built at once to solve urgent urban needs.

Bartlett UCL enjoys pursuing purely intellectual insights and inheriting Cybernetics, Archigram and subsequent computation technics. It emphasizes the methodology of design research while intentionally overlook the practical issues. Bartlett reflects the long custom that English and European people enjoy intellectual works.

MIT is not that high-tech compared to UCL and AA. Its spirit to me is “critically build partnership with public and private sectors to implement the research in order to reshape our society”. MIT culture reflects the complex and sound social structure.

你现在做助研的实验室的特色？
Can you discuss the characteristics of the lab you are working for as a research assistant?

李德义地产创业实验室：一个跨学科地产和城市实验室，也是一个教育孵化中心。宗旨是鼓励和帮助社会责任为导向的地产创业。你能参与和组织关于中国规划建筑地产和教育的活动，如论坛、讲座、竞赛、夏令营等。能接触最一线的中国城市和地产研究及实践。

先进都市研究中心：某种程度上接近大学的设计研究院。与政府、跨国公司和各种基金会紧密合作的跨学科城市研究和应用中心。参与重要竞赛，策展，出版物，组织会议和国际教学。比如BIG那个奖金咋舌的Rebuild By Design竞赛，CAU也参与并中标，奖金是1.5亿美元。为什么说MIT是批判性研究应用的机构呢？赢下竞赛后，CAU就主动退出了，因为接下来的实践过程是盈利的，不符合MIT精神。1.5亿奖金也交由州政府分配给参与后续项目的各公司。在课堂上提到这个竞赛，更多也是作为批判性教育，教学生追问为何发起的竞赛（没有桑迪飓风就没有这个竞赛）？竞赛奖金谁提供（保险公司组成的基金会，洛克菲勒基金会牵头）？为什么这么丰厚（保险公司研发了灾难险，相当于人们可以对赌灾难）？究竟哪几方能获益？中心举办的城市论坛脑洞也极其大，会邀请“亚马逊”做无人机运输的团队和Hyperloop来讨论无人运输对未来城市的影响。我有幸在中心参与洛杉矶和休斯敦的湿地系统研究，成果还入选白宫水资源峰会，过程中也体会到MIT作为研究机构很注重和最高级别利益相关方合作来推广和应用研究成果的实效精神。这和英国重学术传承轻应用的风格还是差别挺大的。

MIT Samuel Tak Lee Real Estate Entrepreneurship Lab: The STL Lab’s is newly established in 2015 with a mission is to create a new generation of socially responsible entrepreneurs and academics within the field of real estate, planning, architecture especially in China. Here you can engage in initiating lectures, conferences, competitions and getting to know the first hand research progress of China studies.

MIT Center for Advanced Urbanism: CAU is a premier research center focused on the design and planning of large-scale, complex, 21st century metropolitan environments. It is a new theoretical and applied research platform. Recent years it is focusing on climate/ environment/ global/ technology+ urbanism. Theoretical and applied research is the feature of CAU. For example, it is one of the winner of “Rebuild by Design”, which is famous because BIG won Manhattan Site with billions of USD. In fact CAU won New Jersey Meadow Land site with 1.5 Billion USD. However, CAU quits after winning because the subsequent process is private sector oriented. It contradicts with the spirit of MIT being a non-profitable research institute. This shocks me a lot. It was a 1.5 Billion business, which made me better understand MIT spirit. Professors never show off the competition. Instead, they critically remind students to ask questions like “who fund the competition and why”. Why Rockefeller and other insurance equity are in the funding committee. Just keep asking whose city and whose resilience we are talking about, and who benefit the most in such issues.

最喜欢的艺术家（绘画音乐电影等广泛范围）是谁？给你创作带来了什么影响？
Who is your favorite artist (in wider range such as art, music, movie)? Any influence on you?

说两个吧，James Corner和LCLA的Luis Callejas。Corner早期的研究图纸对我而言就是艺术。LCLA算小众，但他的手稿和图纸也是艺术。我一直以为Callejas受Corner影响很大。但这学期他来MIT讲座否认了这一猜想。他认为自己是是受拉美文化根深蒂固的影响。另外很有趣的是，他在哈佛只要求学生画平面。

给创作带来很多启发。Calleja的图信息量很大，但是大关系极其清晰。而且他在描绘完极其宏伟复杂的外部环境后，却用最简单直接的建筑完形来对待场地，很有意思。他们的图纸是很好的范例展现如何思考物质、能量流动、场等概念，如何把3维、甚至4维空间用2维图纸展现。

I would like to mention two designers. James Corner, and Luis Callejas (LCLA). James Corners has lots of amazing mapping that as fascinate as art works. So does Luis Callejas. LCLA’s drawing is quite popular within students now and is everywhere on Pinterest. I felt Luis was influenced by James however Luis denied that.

Their works make me to rethink about space, material, and time. How to deploy static and 2D drawings to interpret 3D even 4D events and space is a big challenge. Material, structure, flows, time should be key elements in a mapping.

: Left: Mapping (James Corner, 1995), Middle: Mapping (LCLA), Right: Sketches (LCLA)

觉得自己的作品集有哪些迷人的特质？
What amazing characters do your portfolio have?

特质就是复杂吧。我给作品定义是“复杂系统的设计研究”。其实本科时候做东西就是往复杂做，但是在UCL被控制论洗脑以后，我真相信在网格上叠加不同层次的信息，潜在的规律和关系就会自然而然地浮现。一直希望通过2维图纸来讨论4维时空，表现材料、流、场，展示过程。另外作品种类上也比较杂，大到城市设计小到室内都有参与。

I try to incorporate with Complexity. My position is to do design research of dynamic systems. Through overlaying matrixes of information by different elements, I believe patterns will emerge. As mentioned above, influenced by the designers, how to interpret process, materiality and divergent system outcomes in static 2D drawing is fascinating me. Meanwhile, I try to engage crossing scale projects from urban design to interior design.

什么时候开始看谷德网的？欢迎你提出建议哦，谢谢。
When do you start to know gooood? Any recommends?

应该是2010年。至今还有一个文件夹叫gooood，里面都是案例整页截图。我认为”想法专辑“很好，每篇文章，包括最近的“没有危机的建筑学”“过去二十年”我都认真拜读。希望能看到更多这样质量的关于设计教育和行业的有益讨论。

Since 2010. I still keep updating case studies in a reference folder named ‘gooood’.The ‘gooood Ideas Album’ is really nice. The articles are carefully and critically written with author’s insights. Though it is controversial to some conventional acknowledgements in China, which in return demonstrate its dialectical value.

W O R K

1.
多孔街区
Porous Neighborhood
Embed Hydro-infrastructural Corridor in Palm Beach Grids
城市设计，麻省理工，Solo studio work @MIT, 2015.10-12
指导教师/Advisor：Prof. Adele Santos, Prof. Alan Berger, Fadi Masoud

项目位于佛罗里达州棕榈城的郊区Loxahatchee Groves。针对佛州郊区现有的无限蔓延的封闭小区模式以及海平面上升和暴雨带来的洪水泛滥的危及，提出了以下几个问题：
是否能在开发郊区前，先将低洼地和现状水域联系成生态走廊来涵养暴雨径流？
是否能将和水处理相关的基础设施和游憩设施结合在这个生态走廊上？
是否能将扩展的郊区住宅和城市公共服务设施沿着生态走廊分布？

What if the low land and existing waterbody are connected into a corridor to sustain the floods? What if the hydraulic infrastructures and sidewalks are embedded with the corridor? What if new urban development and neighborhoods are embedded with the corridor? Facing the urgent challenge of sea water level rising, Loxahatchee Groves is encountering a transition at which it needs more ecological, more hydro-graphical and more impact development. The site is relative low and surrounded by high impervious rate neighborhoods. It becomes a humid breeding ground for agriculture, aquaculture and neighborhoods. The nature of this land suggests a new mode of development to intervene urban fabric with hydrographic, wetland reserve, aquaculture and agriculture.

2.
尾矿坑的自我再生机制
Re-tailing Agency
Overlay Proxy, Mathematical and Digital Model to Interact with Landscape Formation
设计方法研究，巴特莱特建筑学院（伦敦大学学院），建筑硕士城市设计方向，优秀毕业设计/Final Thesis with Distinction, M.ARCH Urban Design, Bartlett, UCL With J.ZHANG, G.H.LUO, Y.X.CHEN
合作者：章甲，罗广惠，陈衍秀
指导教师/Tutors：Enriqueta, Eduardo, Zachary

壮丽的油砂副产品：尾矿池中浮出三角洲
Novelty: Emerging Landscape as a bi-product in the process of Oil Sand Extraction

基地位于加拿大阿尔伯塔省臭名昭著的油砂场地阿萨巴萨卡区。开采油矿，除了导致大量的针叶林被破坏，还造成了畸形的城市社会结构和房价。最严重的后果是，由于油砂提炼工艺需要将大量热水冲洗油砂，其尾矿废渣不同于其他矿业开采提炼，是含有大量颗粒极其微小的黏土的水溶液。黏土在水中极难沉降，导致尾矿池的再生过程需要三十年。同时，由于油矿开采的领域大，尾矿池面积巨大，一个尾矿池能达到4平方公里，大量的砂石和黏土混杂在水中，通过管道排放至尾矿池，形成了壮观的尾矿沉积物三角洲。设计师能否从一开始就介入油砂开采过程，能否将油砂开采作为类似景观都市主义的一种实践？

Re-tailing project takes Athabasca Oil Sand Extraction Area as an example. The territory faces severe landscape and social structure formation. In this dynamic process, a mixed residue “tailing” plays a significant role in shaping the post-industrial landform to the emergence of delta novelty.

设计方法研究：基于物理模型模拟和数字化转译的综合设计机制
Methodology: Incorporate physical simulation & digital interpretation as a hybrid interface

尾矿排放形成三角洲地形一方面取决于生产工艺，还受制于阿尔伯塔社会经济活动甚至全球油价影响。因此整个工业流程是包括了经济，社会，劳动力等无形要素，也涵盖了器械，管道，车间，矿坑等物质载体的重新定义和塑造大地的一个复杂系统。其中任何环节的改变，都具有蝴蝶效应，导致不同景观。作为设计师，如何介入系统，如何了解尾矿形成三角洲地形的物质规律，如何协调油砂选址、基础设施布局和尾矿处理流程与社会、经济、人口关系，都是跨越建筑景观规划边界的挑战。因此项目提出物理模拟结合3D扫描和数字转译，数据可视化结合参数化生成的综合设计方法。

As the formation of tailing delta is dynamic outcome of socio-economic process: oil extraction and production, designers need new instrument to interact with the multi-factors such as production, extraction process, tailing discharging and collecting cycle. An interface initiative emerges in this design challenge of materiality-reality. Through proxy model, the formation of delta and the materiality of tailing agents are obtained. Territorial socio-economic statistics and even global oil price are imported as independent variables to couple with the physical simulation process. In a word, proxy, digital and mathematical model are overlapped as a hybrid design machine to interact with landscape formation.

3.
耦合之域
Coupling Territory
Design Research on Mathematical model, Material Flow and Morphology
设计方法研究，巴特莱特建筑学院（伦敦大学学院）, 2013.11-12, M.ARCH. Urban Design, the Bartlett, UCL With J.ZHANG
合作者：章甲
指导教师/Tutors：Enriqueta, Eduardo, Zachary

基地位于虚构的城市郊区，拥有千沟万壑的地形和随着旱季和雨季变化，时而联结时而分离的湖泊群和湿地系统。市民主要依靠湖泊和湿地养殖水草，虾米，小鱼和大鱼四种农业经济物种为生。在这个假设的场景下，每个湖泊都是一个包涵4个物种的生态子系统。随着季节变化带来的水平面变化，这些子系统或串联或断开，其各物种的平衡也在不断被打破-适应-达到新的平衡的状态反复波动。如何掌握生态系统的规律，如何依据地形来有意识的在物质空间上串联这些湖泊湿地，如何有意识地引导子系统间互通有无从而达到系统峰值，是该项目的研究对象。换而言之，如何描述生态系统的波动、容量、阈值，如何描述系统间的串联共振和新的平衡点，如何从数据和地形驱动设计，是该研究的核心。

In this project, the morphogenesis of artificial canals are projection of the material flow between 3 lakes and the city. In other words, the fluctuation of data flow controls the density, direction of the paths on the earth. Through this prototype research, the relationship between data and pattern is build.

4.
连接最后一公里
Bridging Last 1 KM
Spatial Syntax based Cycling Plan & Detailed Urban Design
城市设计，本科毕设，同济大学，2013.03-06, Final Thesis, B.E. Urban Planning, Tongji University, Individual Work
指导教师/Tutor：潘海啸，卓健 /Prof. H.X.PANG, Prof. J.ZHUO

上海中心城区已经拥有发达的公共交通网络。乘坐轨道交通，出站后在20分钟的步行距离内，人们几乎可以到达任何目的地。但是，20分钟不是一个小数字，同时，这个情况在中心城区的一些尚未成熟地块，例如徐汇滨江，更为严重。结合前期问卷和数据统计，从自行车路网规划和塑造骑行良好的城市环境两个尺度，以徐汇滨江为例，分别就1.公共自行车站点布局，2.道路断面改造建议，3.滨江街区建筑体量设计以及4.自行车和轨交换乘节点设计提出了从大到小的不同策略。

Downtown Shanghai has a highly developed public transportation system. The density of metro stations is high enough that you can visit everywhere by foot within 20 minutes after taking tubes. The only problem left is how to bridge “the last 1 KM” between tube station and specific destinations. Moreover, its newly developed waterfront is not-so-accessible as it is out of tube stations’ 1-KM service radius.

This project first proposes a greenway plan for cyclists to solve the last 1 KM problem. It is based on existing road networks and it aims at connecting new waterfront with all the other good places of Xuhui in a rideable network. It then propose a modification detailed plan for an unnecessary huge pedestrian bridge.

WHEN：2013- Current
WHERE: Cambridge USA & London UK
NAME: Waishan QIU
FROM: Longyan, Fujian, China
SCHOOL/OFFICE：Tongji University, UCL Bartlett School of Architecture, MIT DUSP
Research Assistant@ MIT Samuel Take Lee Real Estate Entrepreneurship Lab,
Research Assistant@ MIT Center for Advanced Urbanism
CONTACT：waishan@mit.edu; www.qiuwaishan.com