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Parque O2是一个由五颜六色的竹子组成的庞大公共装置，已于近日在哥斯达黎加圣何塞市的一座废弃体育中心公园开放。该装置是建筑事务所Taller KEN在2016年发起的年度设计建造项目FUNdaMENTAL Design Build Initiative的最新成果。

Parque O2, a sprawling public installation of colorful bamboo totems, recently opened in San José, Costa Rica’s disused Polideportivo de Aranjuez Park. The project is the latest installment of the FUNdaMENTAL Design Build Initiative, an annual design-build project founded by New York and Costa Rica-based architecture and design firm Taller KEN in 2016.

▼项目概览，overview

FUNdaMENTAL通常会邀请来自世界各地的早期职业建筑师在三个月的时间内共同努力，以解决设计、社区空间和社会影响等多方面的现实问题。在本地专家的指导下，他们深入到多元化的社区当中，致力于加深对文化差异的理解。对于Taller KEN这种将好玩的设计与城市文化更新相结合的实践来说，持续不断的努力至关重要。今年的项目Parque O2是由来自印度、海地、突尼斯、土耳其、保加利亚、意大利、中国、加拿大和美国的10名国际建筑和设计系学生在哥斯达黎加技术学院当地同学的支持下合作创建的。

The premise of FUNdaMENTAL is to invite early-career architects from around the world to work together over a three-month period to address real world problems at the intersection of design, community space, and social impact. They engage local, diverse communities and rely heavily on developing their understanding of cultural nuances, with guidance from local experts. The ongoing effort is essential to Taller KEN’s overarching practice, which pairs playful design with a focus on civic and cultural renewal. This year’s project, Parque O2 was created through a collaboration by ten international architecture and design students from India, Haiti, Tunisia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Italy, China, Canada, the United States, with support from local students from TEC Tecnológico de Costa Rica.

▼场地被形态各异的草坪进一步塑造，这些草坪还作为不同模块竹林的基座，the site is further shaped by a variety of lawns that also serve as the base for the different modules of the bamboo forest.

该装置位于圣何塞的公共体育中心公园内，将场地中高度复杂的地理、社会和环境要素相联系。该地处于受污染的城市河道、非正式居民区和铁路的交汇口，一侧是铁路，另一侧是有机市集和公共绿地。而之前，这些区域在地理和社会经济维度上都几乎与彼此隔绝。为了在多个复杂的现实因素之间建立空间和视觉联系，参与者运用了一系列物理和社交手段，以统一场地的各个区域。清除垃圾、杂草、和令人生畏的安全栅栏，再加上向邻里居民和利益相关者的宣传，将有助于在社区支持下进行项目设计。

▼设计图，the design

Located in San José’s public Polideportivo Park, the installation connects the highly complex topological, social, and environmental components of the site, which sits at the intersection of a contaminated urban waterway, an informal settlement, and a railway on one side, and an organic market and public green space on the other. Previously, the areas were nearly inaccessible to each other, dividing communities along both geographical and socioeconomic lines. Forging a spatial and visual connection between these diverse conditions, the participants undertook a series of physical and social actions to unify the disparate areas of the site. Removing trash, overgrowth, and intimidating security fencing, paired with outreach to neighborhood residents and stakeholders, helped to lay the groundwork for a design intervention with community support.

▼项目一侧是铁路，另一侧是有机市集和公共绿地，a railway on one side, and an organic market and public green space on the other

▼隧道也根据项目的色调进行了装饰，the tunnel was also decorated according to the project’s tone

最终打造而成的是一片被绘制成黄、金橘、粉红和紫色的渐变竹林。它们创造出一条蜿蜒的小路，将Polideportivo公园的主要节点与附近的铁路连接起来。场地被形态各异的草坪进一步塑造，这些草坪还作为不同模块竹林的基座。该装置占地总面积约2,000平方米，包括600个填充有砾石和碎石的再生轮胎（用作防洪土墩和土壤固持）和总长约1,200米的竹子。

The result is a field of bamboo sticks painted in a vibrant gradient of yellows, golden oranges, hot pinks, and purples. Together, they create a meandering path linking the main nodes of Polideportivo Park and the railway near the upper informal settlement. The terrain is further shaped by grass-covered mounds of different shapes and sizes, which serve as seating pedestals for the groupings of bamboo totems. Covering a total surface area of approximately 2,000 square meters, the installation is comprised of 600 reclaimed tires filled with gravel and crushed stone (used as a base for the mounds and for soil retention and manage flooding) and approximately 1,200 linear meters of bamboo.

▼整片竹林被绘制成渐变色彩，the whole bamboo forest is painted in gradual colors

▼填充有砾石和碎石的再生轮胎用作防洪土墩和土壤固持，reclaimed tires filled with gravel and crushed stone used as a base for the mounds and for soil retention and manage flooding

除了拥有丰富的色彩和趣味性之外，该装置还具有深刻的环保用意。为了提高居民对该地区空气污染的认识，竹竿的颜色还标志着污染的程度：从黄色（非常低）到紫色（非常高）不等。在项目的早期阶段，团队就进行了精确的空气污染测量，以便确定每个区域要使用的色调。Parque O2的环保实践既活跃又具有教育意义。通过将竹子表面的涂料与二氧化钛（一种高度光催化和反应性的化学物质）混合，这种装置实际上减轻了空气本身的污染。二氧化钛由紫外线激活，当暴露在微粒物质和污染物中时，有能力将它们转化为有机分子，然后雨水便可以将它们从竹子表面冲走。

▼竹竿用不同颜色来标记空气污染程度，bamboos are color-coded to indicate air pollution levels

In addition to being colorful and playful, the installation also serves a sophisticated environmental purpose. In order to raise community awareness around air pollution in the area, the color palette of the bamboo poles works as an indicator of pollution levels, varying from yellow (very low) to purple (very high). The hues employed in each area are informed by accurate air pollution measurements taken by the team during the early phases of the project. Parque O2’s environmental engagement is active as well as educational. By mixing the paint coating the bamboo with Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), a highly photo-catalytic and reactive chemical, the installation actually mitigates the polluted air itself. TiO2 is activated by UV sunlight, and when exposed to particulate matter and pollutants has the power to convert them into organic molecules, which then can be washed off the surface of the bamboo by rain.

▼竹林细部，details

无论从美学效果还是功能性来看，Parque O2的设计宗旨都是为了促进当地公众的参与和互动。他们中的许多人都参与了整个设计和建造过程，并与FUNdaMENTAL团队密切合作。最初的场地研究是在当地环境志愿团队和非营利组织的工作基础上进行的。设计过程在与当地建筑专业学生的交流、经过大学教职人员和专家的审查后逐渐得到推进。最终提案的材料和资源是由私人公司和市政当局共同捐赠的。志愿者、当地居民、包括晚上在公园睡觉的几名临时社区成员都参与了现场施工。每个阶段都建立在下一阶段的基础之上，从而扩大了参与者对设计构建过程的理解。

All aspects of Parque O2 — both aesthetic and functional — were designed with the intent to engage the local community, many of whom were involved throughout the entire design-build process and worked closely with the FUNdaMENTAL team. Initial site research was done with building on the work of local urban/ environmental initiatives and non-profits. The design process was developed in communication with local architecture students and reviewed by University faculty and experts. The resulting proposal was constructed with materials and resources donated from both private companies and the regional municipality. Onsite labor was a combination of participants, volunteers and local residents including several members of the transient community that sleep in the park at night. Each phase built on the next, expanding participants understanding of the design build process- executing a built work by incorporating more voices into the process.

▼前来观赏装置的人络绎不绝，people came to view the installation in an endless stream

这是所有FUNdaMENTAL Design Build Initiative项目中最重要的一个部分。人们对于各种装置的参与和尊重，有利于这些装置和设施未来的可持续利用。用Taller KEN的设计师Gregory Melitonov的话来说就是：“这一经验有助于实践团队确立其在公共领域的工作方法，并向非传统受众传达并应用其设计理念。”

This is an essential component of all FUNdaMENTAL Design Build Initiative projects; engendering daily involvement and respect for the various installations, which encourages their future sustainability. In the words of Taller KEN’s Gregory Melitonov, “This experience has helped the practice establish its approach to working in the public realm; communicating and applying its design ethos to non-traditional audiences.”

▼夜幕下，开了灯的装置成为一片灯海，at night, the device that turned on the light became a sea of lights

Location: Polideportivo de Aranjuez, San José, Costa Rica
Organizers: Taller KEN
Team members: Sheryl Wadehra (India), Benjamin Hakimian (USA), Carmen Chee (USA), Li
AnHong (China), Laurence Von Lignau (Haiti), Waddah Dridi (Tunisia), Serkan Ates (Turkey),
Riccardo Zocche (Italy), Hrabrina Nikolova (Bulgaria), Florence Méthot (Canada)
Local student participants: Andrei Seredin (Costa Rica), Diego Blanco (Costa Rica), Johana
Vargas (Costa Rica), Valeria Murillo (Costa Rica), Kéndary Rojas (Costa Rica)
Supporters: Municipalidad de San José and Parque Polideportivo de Aranjuez with
A-01, Alejandro Cruz, Barrio, Bruna, Casa Botánica, CCDR San José, Edificio
Steinvorth, Glidden, Grupo aie, PPG Paints, Río Urbano, Rutas Naturbanas, Selina,
SJO ¡Vive!, Tecnológico de Costa Rica (TEC), The Globe Program, Universidad de
Costa Rica
Photography: Andres Garcia Lachner (site photos), Leo Carvajal (team portraits), Manduca Audiovisual (video)

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