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为所有人带来自然 | Bringing Nature To All

Nattours无障碍休闲步道项目希望从实用和人文主义的角度，将芬兰赫尔辛基当地的自然风光景点打造为一个更加便利的空间。最终，建筑事务所Studio Puisto Architects决定在城市中的几座小岛上设置一系列无障碍的木制自然步道。尽管该地区有着丰富的生物多样性和景色优美的原野，但是由于之前的步道结构过于简陋，导致了人们对这些自然景观缺乏热情和兴趣，因此，本项目所设计的步道系统就旨在改变这种现状。

The Nattours project began with the goal of making the local natural attractions in Helsinki, Finland more accessible, not only from a practical standpoint, but a humanistic one too. The result was a series of accessible nature trail boardwalks throughout several islands in the city. Despite the rich biodiversity and scenic wilderness in the area, the pre-existing trail structures were not able to support and drive enough interest into their use and these new trails sought to change that.

▼步道局部，partial view of the Nattours boardwalk

作为赫尔辛基市和塔林（Tallinn）市共同努力的结果，Nattours项目由建筑事务所Studio Puisto与建筑事务所Nomaji Oy合作完成。该项目的设想是，首先在Lammassaari岛上设计一系列新的无障碍自然休闲步道，随后，将步道系统的概念扩展运用到Vanhankaupunginlahti岛和Harakka岛上。值得一提的是，上述的三个小岛都位于荷兰赫尔辛基市。

As a joint effort between the cities of Helsinki and Tallinn, the Nattours project involved Studio Puisto, in collaboration with Nomaji Oy, to design the new accessible nature trail boardwalks initially for Lammassaari island with later phases in Vanhankaupunginlahti and Harakka island, all of which are located in Helsinki.

▼步道局部，木制的休闲步道完全融入自然环境，partial view of the Nattours boardwalk, the wood path fully embraces the nature around it

建筑师对先前通往Lammassaari岛的步道系统进行了重新设计，不再采用简单的遮泥板步道结构，而是采用模块化设计，将四种不同的构件组合起来，形成新的步道系统。这种施工方法可以完全重新利用原步道的基础结构和柔和的弯道结构，沿着原先长约1公里的步道进行新的设计。同时，建筑师还沿着步道建造了两个观察研究鸟类的平台，并在岛上现有的鸟类观察塔的旁边增设了一个额外的观赏平台。

For the island of Lammassaari, the preexisting duckboards and path structures leading into the island were redone with a modular design that consists of four different components. This construction method allowed for the preexisting base structures and soft bends to be sustainably reused along the approximately one-kilometer long boardwalk route without waste. At the same time, two new birdwatching platforms were built along the path with an additional platform next to the current bird observation tower on the island.

▼步道局部，设有观察研究鸟类的平台，partial view of the Nattours boardwalk with birdwatching platforms

另一方面，对于Harrakka岛来说，重点则在于开发一系列新的途径来连贯地标记自然步道，同时为这些步道设计风格统一的栏杆系统。该岛上现有的混凝土地堡也被改造成了一座观鸟塔，木结构的步道蜿蜒曲折，环绕着地堡，创造出一个有遮挡的观赏空间。

On the other hand, for the island of Harrakka, the focus was instead on developing new ways to coherently mark the nature trails as well as designing uniform railing systems for them. A preexisting concrete bunker in the area was also transformed into a birdwatching tower, with the wooden structures making up the trail leaning on and twisting around the bunker to create a sheltered observation place.

▼步道上的观鸟台，可在此观景，the birdwatching platforms on the Nattours boardwalk with the views of the surroundings

为所有人而作的设计 | Design For Everyone

Nattours项目的一个最基本的要点在于，所有的木制步道都经过了精心的设计，为每个人提供了同等的观赏机会，即充分考虑了无障碍设计。为了使无障碍设计的作用最大化，步道全部沿着平缓的路径进行设置，同时，观察平台的前端全部以玻璃作为饰面，为儿童和轮椅使用者们提供了毫无遮挡的广阔的自然美景。此外，这些观察平台的前端也被有机地扩大，从而满足了教学的要求，同时也能够为游客们提供一个更加具有社交性和舒适的观鸟体验。虽然在实际操作中，这些细节看起来十分不起眼，但它们却能在保证项目设计的整体审美目标的前提下，让更多人能够毫无障碍地享受这个自然步道。

One of the most fundamental aspects to the Nattours project was that the entire boardwalk needed to be thoughtfully designed for everyone to equally enjoy, meaning that it was essential for it to be adequately accessible. To best prioritize accessibility, the path follows gently sloping curves along the way while the ends of the observation platforms are fully glazed to allow both children and wheelchair users alike the possibility look out into the vast nature without obstruction. In addition, the ends of these observation platforms are also organically enlarged to support teaching purposes as well as to facilitate a more social, comfortable birdwatching experience. These sorts of details, although subtle in practice, help make the paths more accessible for all without taking away from the overall design aesthetic.

▼步道上的观鸟台，观鸟台的前端全部以玻璃作为饰面以确保所有人的景观视线，the birdwatching platforms on the Nattours boardwalk, the ends of the observation platforms are fully glazed to guarantee everyone’s view

防洪的步道系统 | Flood-proof Architecture

考虑到该地区每年都会有周期性的洪水发生，Nattours木制步道系统在设计上没有对这种自然规律进行干预，而是欢迎这种现象的发生并作出积极的应对。在其模块化的结构中，步道系统的边缘有一系列垂直的木杆，步道的木板被固定在这些木杆上，而不是直接与地面完全接触。因此，当Lammassaari岛发生洪水的时候，木制步道的底层结构不仅可以“漂浮”在水面之上，同时，木杆的存在也可以保证木制步道不会发生位移。Nattours项目允许一切自然事件发生，甚至是那些通常被视为负面的事件。这个步道系统完全融入了其自然环境，而这也是建筑师所认为的自然步道的最佳存在方式。总而言之，建筑师希望通过Nattours步道系统项目，促进当下、甚至是未来环境中人与自然的相互融合。

Given the site’s propensity to periodically flood, the Nattours boardwalk supports this natural occurrence rather than interferes with it. In its modular construction, the structure has a sequence of vertical wooden poles along its edges where the path is attached to on the sides as opposed to anchoring the path entirely into the ground. Thus, when the island of Lammassaari floods, the top substructure layer of the boardwalk not only floats upwards with the water, but also remains in place due to the placement of these wooden poles. By allowing all natural events, even those conventionally seen as negative, to have an influence and effect on the architecture, it fully embraces the nature around it – a solution we feel is fitting for a nature trail. Altogether, the design approach for Nattours is one that we hope will better foster an engagement with the nature around us in the generations to come.

▼步道局部，步道被固定在沿着其边缘设置的一系列垂直木杆上，partial view of the Nattours boardwalk, the path is is attached to a sequence of vertical wooden poles along its edges

▼步道细节，details of the Nattours boardwalk

▼黄昏时的步道景观，the Nattours boardwalk at dusk

▼步道夜景，night view of the Nattours boardwalk

▼步道平面图，the plan of the Nattours boardwalk

▼步道立面图，the elevation of the Nattours boardwalk

Project info:
Task: Accessible recreational path for the island of Lammassari in Helsinki, Finland
Year: 2016-2018
Scope: Pitched plow structures, observation decks, towers and platforms
Client: City of Helsinki
Design: Studio Puisto Architects: Emma Johansson, Heikki Riitahuhta, Sampsa Palva, Willem van Bolderen, Mikko Jakonen, Ioana Maftei + Nomaji Oy: Varpu Mikola
Competence: Architectural design, detail work, accessibility design
Photos, video: Decopic

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