“鲜活的自然”展馆，2018米兰57届家具展 / Carlo Ratti Associati

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名为“鲜活的自然”的展馆是一个利用能源控制的花园展馆，其内部春夏秋冬四季共存。展馆于2018年4月17日在米兰的主广场Piazza del Duomo开放。该展馆由CRA-Carlo Ratti Associatis设计，成为第57届米兰家具展的首发。“鲜活的自然”的概念来源于CRA和Römer工作室。它利用一个创新的能源管理系统来控制内部的微型气候，Patrick Blanc和Flavio Pollano策划了内部的绿植空间。该项目体现了2018年米兰家具展的观念，探索了自然与设计之间的一种新型的关系。展馆于2018年4月17日至25日对公众开放，并将邀请一系列国际演讲者参加有关自然和可持续性的讲座。

“Living Nature”, a garden pavilion that uses energy flow controls to allow spring, summer, autumn and winter to coexist under the same roof, opens today in Piazza del Duomo, Milan’s main square. Designed by CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati, it is the premier exhibition at the 57th annual Salone del Mobile, the world’s leading design and furniture fair. “Living Nature”, which stems from a concept by CRA and Studio Römer, makes use of an innovative energy management system for climate control, with green spaces curated by Patrick Blanc and Flavio Pollano. The project embodies the values of Salone del Mobile’s 2018 Manifesto, exploring a new relationship between nature and design. It will be open to the public from 17th to 25th April 2018, and will also play host to a series of talks on nature and sustainability with an international array of speakers.

▼展馆位于米兰的Piazza del Duomo，四周环绕着历史悠久的古典建筑；the pavilion locates on the Piazza del Duomo in Milan, surrounded by historic buildings

▼简洁的现代风格与四周的历史建筑形成鲜明对比，the simple modern style forms a strong contrast with the surrounding historic buildings

展馆除了在城市的中心地带创造出一个有趣的、异想天开的空间之外，“鲜活的自然”的名称还体现了展馆想探索的两个重要主题：其一是自然与城市的关系，其二是气候变化对我们所有人的影响。自然与城市的关系是西方历史上反复出现的主题。从古希腊到埃比尼泽·霍华德的花园城市，再到弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特的城市乌托邦。“20世纪，城市向外扩张，去征服自然和乡村。而今天的挑战则是相反的：人们怎样才能把大自然带回城市、带回到家里呢？” CRA的创始合伙人、麻省理工学院Senseable City Lab的负责人Carlo Ratti如此说道，“近年来，米兰一直走在这类研究的前沿，具有里程碑式的项目，比如Stefano Boeri的Bosco Verticale。“鲜活的自然”扩展了这一概念，并在家居与集体领域中提出与可持续性相关的新问题。

In addition to creating a fun and whimsical space in the heart of the city, “Living Nature” also aims to explore two crucial themes: the relationship between nature and the city, and the effects of climate change on all of us.The relationship between nature and the city is a recurring theme in Western history, from ancient Greece to Ebenezer Howard’s Garden Cities to Frank Lloyd Wright’s urban utopias. “In the 20th century, cities expanded outwards to conquer nature and the countryside. We believe that today’s challenge is the opposite: How can we bring nature back to the city and into the home?”, says Carlo Ratti, founding partner at CRA and director of the MIT Senseable City Lab: “In recent years, Milan has been at the forefront of such research, with landmark projects like Stefano Boeri’s Bosco Verticale. ‘Living Nature’ expands on this concept, raising new questions related to sustainability in the domestic and collective spheres”.

▼展馆在米兰城市中心地带创造出了一个异想天开的空间，the pavilion creates a fun and whimsical space in the heart of the city

▼项目一角细部，details of one corner

展馆占地500平方米，高5米，对应四季而容纳了四个微型气候。游客们穿梭在春夏秋冬四季之间，沉浸在大自然之中。每一个季节里都会对应放置一些著名的家具品牌，包括Arper, Cappellini, Ethimo, Glas Italia, Kartell, Living Divani, Magis, Moroso，且每个季节有一个不同的主题：春天的客厅，夏天的野餐，秋天的办公室，冬天的游戏室。展馆让人们可以在冬季花园中扔雪球，或者在夏日花园中晒日光浴，同时也向人们展示了室内建筑与自然的诗意融合。

The 500 square-meter, 5-meter high pavilion will house four natural, climatic microcosms, corresponding to the four seasons. Visitors will be immersed in nature as they wander through winter, spring, summer and autumn.  Each season will be enriched by a display of familiar design objects by some of the most prestigious furniture brands, including Arper, Cappellini, Ethimo, Glas Italia, Kartell, Living Divani, Magis, Moroso. Each season will present a different theme – living room in spring, picnic in summer, office in autumn, playroom in winter. While people can throw snowballs in the winter garden or work on their suntan in the summer garden, the pavilion also puts forward a poetic integration between interior architecture and nature.

▼展馆入口，entrance of the pavilion

展馆中有四种不同的生态系统，其中养殖的23种树木能在最佳的环境中享受完美的光照和温度条件。冬季区域内有两种槭树，两种松树，同时还有喜马拉雅桦树、中国槐树和东方云杉。春天区域有一株日本海棠树，一株西藏樱花，这两株树都盛开着。此外还有一株木兰花，一株桂花树，还有两种不同种类的阿姆利奇树。夏季地区有一棵常见的橡树和一棵常见的赤杨树，还有一种小叶酸橙树、常见的角树和柔软的树蕨。最后，秋天区域种植的野苹果树，日本枫树和波斯铁木制造出浓浓的暖色。除了这些高大的树木以外，每个季节所在的空间还用当季的特色植物和鲜花装饰。游客们在展馆里漫步时，还会看到各种各样的灌木、草和鳞茎植物。

Living Nature houses four different ecosystems, with 23 species of tall trees that enjoy perfect lighting and temperature conditions in an optimal habitat. The winter area includes two types of acer and pine trees, along with a Himalayan birch, Chinese scholar tree, and Oriental spruce. The spring area features a Japanese flowering crabapple and a Tibetan cherry ‘Branklyn’ — both in full bloom — along with a Magnolia x loebneri, flowering myrobalan, a katsura tree and two varieties of amelanchier tree. The summer area contains the welcome shade of a common oak and a common alder tree, and a small-Leaved lime, common hornbeam and soft tree fern. Finally, in the autumn section, a crab apple ‘Rudolph’, Japanese maple and Persian ironwood make for a riot of warm colours. In addition to the tall trees, each season’s space is also characterised by garden compositions featuring plants and flowers that are typical of that time of the year. There is also a huge variety of shrubs, grasses and bulbous plants for visitors to look at as they wander around the pavilion.

▼春天的主题是客厅，家具也配合该主题，配色鲜艳活泼；the furnitures suit the theme of spring, the living room, with colorful designs

▼厚实的布艺家具体现出舒适感，the thick cloth furnitures give people a sense of comfort

▼夏天的主题是野餐，家具强调其休闲感；for summer the theme is picnic, which is also reflected in the furniture

▼在夏季区域享受阳光沐浴的游客们，guests sit on the chairs on display, enjoying the summer sun

▼反映秋天办公室主题的皮质家具，the furniture made of leather reflects the theme of autumn, the office

▼绿植也配合季节，地面上的落叶体现着秋天的特点；the plants also work with the season, the leaves on the ground reflect the characteristics of autumn

▼冬天游戏室的主题采用了儿童使用的家具，the playroom in winter uses furnitures that designed for children

▼冬天的室内景观通过玻璃与室外形成鲜明对比，the interior of the winter forms a strong contrast with the exterior view through the glass

“鲜活的自然”展馆聚焦的一个关键问题是气候变化。法国植物学家Patrick Blanc挑选了放在该展馆里的植物，它们被放置在一个5米高的半透膜下，这种薄膜在光反应传感器的控制下动态地遮蔽阳光。在展馆上方，光伏板产生清洁能源，提供用来冷却冬季区域或者加热夏季区域所需的能源。电池提供额外的储存电量，以均衡峰时和谷时的用电量。

A key issue raised by “Living Nature” is climate change. The plants in the pavilion, selected by French botanist Patrick Blanc, are housed under a 5-meter-high selective crystal membrane that dynamically filters the sun based on input from light-reactive sensors. Above the pavilion, photovoltaic panels generate clean energy, providing the required energy to cool the winter area, or to heat the summer space. Batteries provide additional storage to even out high and low peaks of energy production.

▼其顶部配有太阳能板， photovoltaic panels locate on top of the pavilion

▼ 半透膜细节，detail of the selective crystal membrane

展馆还将推出Scribit的首秀，这是一款由CRA设计的书写和擦除机器人，它可以在任何类型的表面上实时绘制任何类型的图像或信息。在展馆的玻璃面板上，Scribit将提供关于米兰家具展的实时推文，包括参观者对展馆的反应，即将举办的活动信息以及米兰天气状况的数据等等。

Living Nature will also feature the debut of Scribit, a write & erase robot designed by CRA that can draw any kind of image or information sourced from the web, on any type of surface, in real time. On the glass panels of the pavilion, Scribit will provide live tweets about Salone del Mobile with visitor reactions to the pavilion, information about upcoming events, data about weather conditions in Milan, and more.

▼玻璃上的文字都是由图中左边玻璃墙上的Scribit机器人制作；the words on the glass are drawn by the Scribit on the left glass wall

▼机器人特写，the Scribit

CRA项目负责人Antonio Atripaldi表示:“鉴于气候变化对全球城市构成的威胁，我们需要制定应对气候变化的策略，以改善我们城市的生活条件。如果说气候控制经常与过度的能源消耗联系在一起，那么这个项目提供了一个全新的视角，证明了气候控制技术的可行性以及它们的可持续性，并也说明了它们未来的应用潜力巨大。”Ratti补充道：”作为设计师，我认为今天我们正处于一个乌托邦和被遗忘组成的十字路口。如果我们无法迎接正在进行的变革，我们就会被遗忘。如果我们成功地成为‘人造世界’转型的创造者，从我们的城市和家园开始逐步改变，我们将迎来乌托邦。该展馆旨在促进一场关于可持续发展的新辩论——如果设计的下一个领域是重新构想城市气候，那我们又该如何应对呢?“

“In light of climate change and the threat it poses to cities worldwide, we need to devise strategies for climate remediation to improve living conditions in our cities”, says Antonio Atripaldi, project leader at CRA. “If climate control is often associated with excessive energy consumption, this project offers a radical change of perspective, demonstrating the feasibility of climate control technology that is also sustainable, with vast potential for future applications.” “As designers, I think today we find ourselves at an utopia-or-oblivion crossroads”, adds Ratti: “Oblivion, if we are not able to rise to the challenge of the changes underway. Utopia, if we succeed in becoming the creators of transformation in the “artificial world”, starting with our cities and our homes. Living Nature aims to foster a new debate on sustainability – what if the next frontier of design is to reimagine urban climate?”

▼游客们与展馆积极互动，visitors interact with the pavilion with great interests

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