Knubben浴场重建方案，挪威 / Snøhetta

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Snøhetta事务所于本月公布了挪威阿伦达尔Knubben港口浴场的重建方案。以1930年代的建筑设计为雏形，新的浴场设施将于2024年作为一份全新礼物回馈给当地居民。

Architectural drawings from the 1930s are dusted off in Snøhetta’s recent proposal for the reconstruction of the venerable harbor bath Knubben in Arendal, Norway. The iconic facility is set to be revived as a gift to the town people in 2024.

▼项目概览，Aerial view © Snøhetta / Aesthetica Studio

Knubben浴场于1937年建成于阿伦达尔市中心外沿的一处750平方米的小岛上。该设施介于Tromøy和Hisøy两座岛屿之间，包含一个10米高的跳水台、儿童泳池、更衣室和零售亭，是挪威功能主义建筑的代表性案例之一。当时的挪威涌现了诸多同类型的公共休闲场地。

In 1937, a harbor bath was built on Knubben, a 750 square meter skerry just outside of Arendal city center. Located in Galtesund, between the islands Tromøy and Hisøy, the public facility boasted a ten-meter diving platform, a children’s pool, changing rooms and a kiosk. Knubben is known as one of the clearest examples of functionalistic architecture in Norway, and joins the ranks of many recreational compounds built in this style from the same period.

▼建筑外观，Exterior view © Snøhetta / Aesthetica Studio

Knubben浴场的原始方案由建筑师Ketil Ugland设计，被阿伦达尔游泳俱乐部用来举办跳水比赛、游泳训练和其他水上活动。1947年，港口浴场关闭；随后又于1960年代成为了一个爵士俱乐部。Knubben浴场的设计采用了纤细而简洁的线条，以小巧而优雅的形式展现了现代主义建筑的精髓。然而，随着时间的流逝，浴场的实体逐渐走向衰败，跳水台也于1980年代被挪威武装部队拆毁。

2018年，Snøhetta事务所受托对该设施进行重构并探索新的可行性。重建后的Knubben浴场将成为对历史方案的回应：最关键的部分将被保留下来，同时强调将阿伦达尔打造为挪威乃至全球城市的休闲胜地。

An original design by architect Ketil Ugland, the facility was used by Arendal Swimming Club for diving competitions, swimming training and other aquatic activities. In 1947, the harbor bath closed its doors before being taken back into use during the 1960s, this time as a jazz club. With its slender and clean lines, Knubben was a small yet elegant example of the modernist spirit. After substantial decay however, the diving platform was demolished by the Norwegian Armed Forces in the 1980s.

In 2018, Snøhetta was commissioned to revitalize the facility with a feasibility study. As such, the new Knubben is interpreted as an architectural response to the past. It conserves vital parts, while emphasizing the becoming of Arendal as an urban destination for both national and international audiences.

▼跳水台，Diving platform © Snøhetta / Aesthetica Studio

设计的最初想法是为Knubben找回其一度失去的辉煌，但事实表明，若要使该岛成为一个不仅仅局限于水上活动的多元场所，就必须实施大规模的现代化改造。为此，项目团队为Knubben打造了新的结构，并将其支撑在一系列钢芯基座之上，以便进一步扩大岛屿的范围和可能性。

新的Knubben浴场将呈现为一座人工结构，其造型从挪威海岸的小岛和礁石中汲取了灵感。它就像是在最后一个冰河时期形成的巨石，拥有一种被磨蚀的形态，凹凸有致的墙壁在景观中创造出变化的腔体，带给人柔和的感觉。为了尽可能地将地形展现出来，建筑体量将遵循地图等高线分为不同的水平层级。

While the original idea was for Knubben to be restored to its original glory, it became clear that the facility would need major modernization in order for the island to become a multi-use site for more than just aquatic activities. Therefore, the new part of Knubben will rise as a structure founded on steel core piles, further broadening the expanse and possibilities of the island.

The new Knubben is a man-made structure with architecture that draws inspiration from the shapes we find in the islets and skerries along the Norwegian coast. It will resemble a block of stone shaped during the Last Glacial Period, characterized by abraded shapes where soft concave and convex walls form cavities in the landscape. To represent the terrain as accurately as possible, the construction will consist of horizontal layers following the contour lines of a map.

▼建筑造型从挪威海岸的小岛和礁石中汲取灵感 © Snøhetta / Aesthetica Studio
The architecture draws inspiration from the shapes we find in the islets and skerries along the Norwegian coast

作为一个能够抵御恶劣气候的小岛，Knubben将成为一个全年活跃的聚集场所，其中包括户外舞台和露天剧场功能，为各种类型的表演提供场地。此外，Knubben还将包含适用于餐厅和私人音乐会的室内区域。

日趋城市化的环境使我们更加渴望与自然接触。Knubben在作为社交场所的同时兼顾了与自然的连接，为人们带来与大海亲近的机会。游泳、沐浴、享受美食——各类丰富的娱乐和文化活动在此上演，不论是炎炎夏夜，抑或是寒冷的冬日，Knubben都是一处可以尽情放松身心的理想目的地。

As a robust skerry that can withstand rough conditions, Knubben will be a lively meeting place that can be used all year round. The facility will accommodate an open-air stage alongside an amphitheater, creating a setting for all kinds of performances. In addition, Knubben will house indoor areas for both a restaurant and more intimate concerts.

As we become increasingly urban, we long for contact with nature. Knubben will be a social meeting place that provides a sensation of closeness to the sea, and will serve as a backdrop to a plethora of activities and experiences. It will be a soothing spot in the sun on a hot summer evening, a hub for cultural events, and a place to enjoy a good meal after taking an icy bath on a cold winter’s day.

▼半户外区域，The semi-open area © Snøhetta / Aesthetica Studio

▼全年活跃的聚集场所，a lively meeting place that can be used all year round © Snøhetta / Aesthetica Studio

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