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南美洲法属乌拉圭的首都卡宴是一座充满各民族风情的典型加勒比海小城，最近卡宴大学内建立起一座新的大学图书馆。大学图书馆是大学中的心脏，是绝对的知识圣殿，肩负着重要的知识传播使命，提供书籍，网络，影像等多重服务，是大学象征也是当地的重要标示建筑。建筑师旨在这个项目中展现出图书馆的魄力。

THe site

A coordinating facility, open to the UniversityThe building of the University Library, located at the heart of the Guyanese University Campus has to be a driving force within the University and contribute to its regional radiance. It is a structuring facility for all the buildings that constitute the Guyanese University Campus : its vocation is to gather books and readers in a unique place dedicated to knowledge, an open and generous place within the University. It is about providing a cultural and documentary service of quality and also materialise the image of the regional community, therefore one of the main issues is to give to the building of the University Library a physical, social and symbolic identity that will impact the one of the neighbourhood and of the city.

Our aim is to give to this unique building for its program and its central position, a proper architecture – identifiable by its volumetry and its uses – combined to an opening upon the whole University.

一层魅影

图书馆外层安置一个巨大的百页木格栅方体，这层立面给图书馆披上一层魅影，同时图书馆本体与格栅方体之间的半室外空间可用作展廊，其免受烈日和暴雨的特性也能充当一个开放的公共聚会空间。这层外皮树立了图书馆的形象并使得图书馆与周边校园环境联系紧密。

IN Praise OF SHADOWS

A gallery around the building and at the heart of the University
The main architectural choice is the creation of an open peripheral space : unlike a construction cast in one piece with no dialogue with the surrounding, the building is wrapped up with a peripheral space of variable dimensions called “gallery” or peristyle. This gallery is an open space, a place where the students meet and pass through, an extra room between inside and outside, sheltered from sun and rain.

Additional wealth, the peristyle forms a place to exchange, a public space taken over – and even “the space for the public” – which connects the library to the rest of the University : the library is a place for studying that is not cut off from the rest of the world, all it takes to see the life of the University Campus is to look up when sitting at a reading table and have a look at the traffic and motions in the gallery. This one is made of a filter : a slope of wooden lace carefully placed around a concrete core.

The wooden filter allows :
• to open the building upon the whole University,
• to provide an extra collective space, a transitional space for stimulating sociability,
• to bring dim light inside the building,
• to offer a building of great unity and create a landmark on the University Campus.

卡宴位于赤道附近，属于热带地区，因此建筑设计过程中也充分考虑了热环境适应性。建筑的双层外表皮防止过多的阳光进入室内。室内光环境避免直射光，在立面上开大小不一的小型窗口使得自然光均匀柔和进入室内，形成漫反射照明。此外人工辅助照明也均匀而柔和。采用吸音材料保证室内安静。

AMAZONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL qualitY

The construction industry in general, is a field highly consumer for the primary resources (water, energy, raw material) and great waste producer. Our thought has naturally been brought towards an Amazonian Environmental Quality process, version of the High Environmental Quality certification (HQE®) in tropical and subtropical countries.

The aim is to minimise, during its whole lifespan, how much the building will impact its external environment and the users who will live there during several generations. It aims at reducing at most the consequences of a construction over :

• the user :
_ internal pollution : paints, solvent, use of noxious materials ;
_ health quality : water, indoor air quality, residual humidity, … ;
_ physiological well-being : hygrothermic, acoustic, visual, olfactory comfort ;
_ psychological comfort ;
• the environment :
_ close : soil pollution (construction site, deconstruction) and water pollution (construction site, waste) ; visual, sound, olfactory, climate impact ;
_ regional : air pollution ; electricity produced by thermal power station (CO2, NOx, SO2) ;
_ international : greenhouse effect ; ozone layer (refrigerants from the air conditioning).

The main goal for a library is to be able to read comfortably and, beyond the comfort given by the furniture planning, the essential following criteria have to be taken into account :

_ The thermal comfort
The sun protection of the building rests on the principle of the double-skin façade. All the facades and particularly the W/E facades are protected by this wooden filter that forms a very effective brise soleil, a second roof protects the programmatic heart from the solar radius very intense in Guyana (proximity of the Equator).

_ The visual comfort
It is a decisive condition : it consists in providing a diffuse light into the room so that any angle with which one takes a book, there are no embarrassing reflections.

The project offers a gentle and enveloping light, as a result of the many openings spread over the facade : the generous light first filteres by the wooden skin is then released in a homogeneous manner inside the building.

With the same logic, the artificial light is regularly distributed in order to avoid any brutal dazzling light or source of reflections and backlighting.

_ The acoustic comfort
By implementation of absorbing materials : soundproof ceiling, plaster wall lining for sound insulation of the Mezzanine and the training / exhibition rooms, etc, offer inside calm inviting concentration.

该图书馆主要分为两个部分，公共区域和办公辅助区域，这两个部分通过一个走量联系。公共区域中容纳了接待空间，阅读空间，学习空间和借书处理等空间。一个夹层安放在大的开放空间中，增加了使用面积，也丰富了空间体验。

FUNCTIONAL ORGANISATION

The library is considered as an open space, with wide reception spaces, diverse reading and research spaces and the possibility of lending books. It is also a facility that combines traditional documentation and modern technologies.

The building is composed of 2 parts : one that receives the public and one reserved for administration and its technical rooms.

The spaces dedicated to the public are located on the ground floor and on the mezzanine ; the ones for the administration on the ground floor and the upper level.

Patios and rifts mark this dissociation and improve the lighting at the centre of the building.

At the different levels there are :

On the ground floor
Once coming through the gallery – true threshold – the library is reached through a double door entrance space open on a wide entrance hall.

Into the hall there are : a waiting area, a reception desk, and in the back the sanitaries (the central position of this desk allows to control at a distance away from the reading room).

After going through the access control, the visitor directly reaches the lending desk, the press room, or the temporary exhibition space.

The documentary room largely extends in the whole space located behind the reception desk and the temporary exhibition space.

Two patios have been set up in order to bring natural light at the core of the building between the public part and the administrative part, and also in anticipation of an extension requested in the program. The central patio therefore becomes the heart of the connection element organised in a thematic garden.

On the upper floor

For the public part on the mezzanine there are :
– in the documentary room, spaces dedicated to individual consultation : individual work cubicles and research networks ; reachable directly from the large central staircase or from a smaller staircase on the side. This configuration offers privileged workplaces that have a clear view over the large room located below.
– a “box” or an autonomous volume that contains the multimedia training room on one side and the exhibition room on the other. The latter is also reachable from a staircase that gives onto the entrance hall.

The entrance to the administrative part is direct from the ground floor, taking the elevator or stairs located on the side of the patio. The offices and the common premises are divided on both sides of the staircase ; they all benefit from natural lighting and views outside and to the patio.

DATA SHEET

Programm
Construction of a new University Library
Project owner : Rectorat de Guyane
Location : Cayenne, Guyane (973)
Cost : 5,3 M € HT
Net surface : 2 143 m²
Delivery : December 2013

Project team
Architect representative : rh+ architecture
Architect partner : ARA – Jocelin Ho-Tin-Noé
In charge of the construction : Anaïs Durand
Eng. Structure : Technopôle Martinique / SODETEC
Eng. Fluid : Louis Choulet
Eng. HQE : Solener
Eng. Acoustic : Rémi Raskin
Eng. Wood : Sylva Conseil

Environmental certification
Amazonian Environmental Quality

Photographic report
Jean-Michel André
Jonathan Cacchia

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Project Specs

Rh+ architecture

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