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历史

18世纪初，著名堡垒建筑师Menno van Coehoorn在荷兰卑尔根的小岛上修建了一座堡垒，这是该建筑师现存的唯一一座堡垒。以前，通向堡垒的唯一途径是乘船，因此士兵及供应者只能划船经过80米的水道抵达堡垒。位于吃水线上的堡垒入口保留至今。19世纪末，堡垒不再具备防御功能。上世纪30年代新修了一座较高的木桥。现在堡垒主要用于举办小型的公共活动和私人活动。

Short History

The Ravelijn “Op den Zoom” is a fortress-island of the city of Bergen op Zoom in The Netherlands which is made in the beginning of the 18th century by Menno van Coehoorn, a famous fortress builder. This is the only “ravelijn” of him still present. The fortress was originally only accessible by boat , so suppliers and soldiers had to be rowed the 80 meters to the fortress. The original entrance is still present just above the waterline. At the end of the 19th century the fortress lost its defensive function. In 1930 a raised wooden bridge was added. Nowadays the island-fortress is mainly used for small public and private events.

目的

该木桥的设计主要有两个目的。一是连接堡垒和城市中心；二是提供一个除原高架桥之外的第二个紧急通道。

设计理念

以前只能通过小船向Ravelijn堡垒供应物资。该木桥与原来从城市到堡垒的乘船路线一致，因此呈现出蜿蜒曲折的弧度。木桥漂浮在水面上。冬天可以将桥梁移至一边，这样人们便可以在堡垒周围的冰面上滑冰。凸起的桥身贴近河水及周围的风景，因此水中无法看到桥梁的倒影。靠近堡垒的阶梯码头可以随着水位上下浮动（保持水平）。

The assignment

The assignment was to make a second pedestrian bridge for two reasons. First to connect the fortress to the city centre, second to make a second escape route from the fortress in case of emergencies.

Concept

In former days, the Ravelijn was supplied from the city with small rowing boats. The concept of the bridge is, to let the bridge follow the original track of these boats, so the bridge echoes the former route the boats followed from the city to the fortress. That is why the bridge snakes across the water to the fortress. Therefore we also made the bridge floating. An additional advantage of that is , that in winter the bridge can be pulled to the side, so there can be ice-skated around the fortress. The deck of the bridge is convex to let the bridge blend in with the water and the surroundings. No mirror image in the water and as close to the water as possible. The stairs at the jetty near the fortress can move up and down(and stay horizontal) with the water level.

▼漂浮在水面的桥 Bridge floating on the river

▼蜿蜒的路径形同过往行船的航道 Bridge snacks along the route the boats followed from the city to the fortress.

▼桥梁紧贴水面，因此没有倒影 The bridge deck blends in with the water, thus no mirror image in the water.

▼桥梁端头，桥梁可随水位线起伏变化 The stairs at the jetty near the fortress can move up and down (and stay horizontal) with the water level.

▼表面同样弯曲度的木材楼梯 Wood staircase with the same curve as the deck.

材料
木桥的设计完全遵循“从摇篮到摇篮”的原则。桥梁利用下方的充气聚乙烯管道漂浮在水面上，不需要任何其他的结构支撑。桥面由高性能的固雅木制成。经过处理后的固雅木具有很强的抗腐蚀能力，并能根据与水的接触程度灵活膨胀和收缩。未来可以根据需要方便地对桥梁进行拆除或循环利用。

Material
The bridge is made completely to the principles of the Cradle to Cradle philosophy. Air-filled polyethylene pipes positioned underneath the timber surface help keep the bridge afloat, without requiring any additional structural framework. The decking is made of Accoya, a high-performance wood product, which is treated to improve its ability to resist fungal decay, and the effect of swelling and shrinkage that could result from its proximity to water. In the future the bridge can be easily disassembled and recycled.

▼（左）夏季当桥梁使用（右）冬季水面结冰，移开桥梁，瞬间变身大冰场（Left） Act as bridge in summer （Right） In winter, the bridge can be pulled to the side, so there can be ice-skated around the fortress.

▼ 草图 Sketch

▼截面图 Section

▼ 从一头到另外一头，桥梁材料选择了高抗腐蚀的木材。From one end to the other; the bridge is made of high anticorrosive Accoya.

▼桥梁的另外一个端头，链接形式允许浮桥随水位而变化位置。One end of the bridge; the connecting way allows the position of the bridge changes with the water level.

▼一致的肌理，抗腐蚀的材料性能，未来方便拆卸和更换。Same texture; high anticorrosive performance; easy to disassemble and recycle in the future.

Data:
Architect: RO&AD Architecten, Bergen op Zoom, Middelburg, The Netherlands
Design team: Ro Koster, Ad Kil, Martin van Overveld
Commisioner, City Council of Bergen op Zoom
Structural Engineer: W2N Engineers, Drachten, The Netherlands
Contractor: Allflex, Halsteren, The Netherlands
construction time: 3 months, finished March 2014
Total length: 80 meters
Function: Pedestrian bridge

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