2023 ASLA地标奖：Vista Hermosa自然公园，洛杉矶 / Studio-MLA

“该公园是100多年来洛杉矶市中心开放的首个公园，它证明了公共景观多年来可以始终如一地为社区提供巨大的社会和健康公平。重要的是，它为人们提供了可用的空间，尤其是那些没有享受到平等服务的人群。本项目中精心的设计和规划考虑，将人类和生态元素结合在一起，适当的设计表达，创造出令人难忘的场所，并根据公园运营环境为其进行了更加长远的规划设计。具有多样性和丰富性的自然植被，与跑步、玩耍和社交空间相平衡，体现了可持续的设计原则，并在生态环境中创造出令人难忘的记忆。作为洛杉矶社区的文化支柱，Vista Hermosa自然公园对它所服务的社区有着深远的重要性。”
– 2023年ASLA评审委员会评语

“The first park to open in downtown Los Angeles in over 100 years, this park is a testament to the great social and health equity that a public landscape can consistently deliver to communities over many years. What’s important is the availability of space for people, especially those underserved, and careful design and planning considerations that weave together human and ecological elements, deploy appropriate design expressions, create memorable places, and plan for longevity in accordance with its operational context. The diversity and richness of natural plantings, balanced with spaces for running, playing, and socializing, exemplify sustainable design principles and create lasting memories rooted in an ecological setting. Serving as a cultural staple in the Los Angeles community, this park has held deep importance to the community it serves.”
– 2023 Awards Jury

来自 ASLA 对gooood的分享。
Vista Hermosa Natural Park ｜ Studio-MLA

项目陈述
Project Statement

Vista Hermosa是100多年来在洛杉矶市中心建造的第一个公共公园。公园所在的场地曾是一片油田，位于公园贫乏且人口密集的城市地区，建成后的公园为主要为工人阶级的拉丁裔社区居民提供了“通往山脉的窗口”，让人们有机会娱乐休闲，接近自然，或安静地休息。设计旨在将环境正义与社会正义相结合，在这片曾经充满危险且受到污染的空地上创造出一个更安全的环境。作为在城市中心重建的自然栖息地，Vista Hermosa的重新设计基于自然，并展现出超前于时代的弹性。如今，该公园已成为洛杉矶的象征，为那些无法游览附近山脉的人带来了丰富的自然体验。

Vista Hermosa was the first public park built in downtown Los Angeles in over 100 years. Previously an oil field located in a park-poor urban area, the park provides residents of a dense, primarily working-class Latinx neighborhood with “a window to the Mountains,” opportunities for recreation, access to nature, and quiet reprieve. Marrying environmental justice to social justice, the park provides a safer environment in what was once a dangerous and contaminated vacant lot. As re-created habitat in the heart of the city, Vista Hermosa features many resilient, nature-based solutions that were ahead of its time. The park has become a symbol of Los Angeles, bringing a natural experience to those who are unable to visit the nearby mountains.

▲洛杉矶市中心的“山之窗”。Vista Hermosa自然公园占地10英亩，这里曾经一片油田，如今则成为洛杉矶市区中标志性的公园，将自然带到了这一带几乎没有任何公园设施的山区社区中，A “Window to the Mountains” in downtown Los Angeles. Once an oil field, Vista Hermosa Natural Park is an iconic 10-acre park in urban LA that bring nature to a hillside neighborhood which had little © Hunter Kerhart; Article thumbnails from LAM, LASN, PRB, NY Times, and LA Times

项目说明
Project Narrative

社会公平

Vista Hermosa，西班牙语译为“美丽的景色”，是一个面积达10英亩的城市栖息地和娱乐公园，它位于洛杉矶市中心北部一个公园贫乏的城市社区。通过对曾经作为油田的前棕地进行改造，本项目为城市创造出一个集自然和娱乐为一体的目的地，也成为城市心爱的标志，从而赢得了不朽的遗产地位。在项目过程中，团队组织了多次公共研讨会，以收集当地居民对于公园设计的意见，并对项目的环境，社会和经济绩效进行了评估。作为景观建筑基金会案例研究调查系列的案例之一，在环境、社会和经济表现方面，本公园都得到了详细的评估。

可持续性

在景观设计师和土木工程师的合作下，10英亩的陡峭山坡变成了优美的城市公园。充满绿化的台地定义了游戏和聚会空间，将城市中穿梭的人群吸引到公园中。自然步道穿过原生灌木和树木，在山坡上穿行，而草地兼作雨水储存盆地。当地的树木和植物为太平洋飞行路线上的60种鸟类提供了栖息地，且灌溉和维护成本极低。前油田产生的有毒气体需要采取缓解措施，例如去除表土并增加新的覆盖层以安全释放气体。此外，通风系统能够防止气体积聚在公园建筑物和水箱的不透水板下，以及邻近的学校建筑中。

气候变化

Vista Hermosa公园收集了当地雨水年径流量的54%，并在暴风雨期间储存了12万加仑的水，相当于奥运会游泳池的五分之一。公园内的600-700棵树木使周围地区降温了0.9华氏度，节约了810万加仑的水，相当于节省了81339.97美元的成本。此外，该公园还减少了84%的碳排放（1831磅二氧化碳），每年吸收22.23吨碳，相当于吸收了4.3辆汽车或2.1个家庭一年能耗所排放出的二氧化碳气体。

多元化与包容性

Vista Hermosa自然公园为当地人们和社会带来了许多好处。该公园为居住在半英里半径范围内、家庭收入中位数为25184美元的2.1万多人提供了服务。通过如足球场，步行和跑步小径，以及冒险游戏场地等娱乐设施，为人们带来了改善身体健康的机会，并让人们在大自然当中得到了心灵与精神的疗愈。

在丰富自然资源的加持下，公园每年平均能够举办67个活动项目，包括：以西班牙语和英语进行的教育讲座和游览，平均每年161小时，服务1,487名参与者。该场地还作为“从交通大道到林间小径（Transit to Trails）”计划的出发点，改善了城市周围广阔自然区域的可达性，让人们能够到大自然中探索。

恢复力

Vista Hermosa公园采用了人造草皮作为足球场，每年可节省7万美元的维护费用。该园区在建设期间提供了超过6000小时的就业机会，并在现场雇佣了多名员工。2000年至2010年间，该公园为附近的住房单元增加了35%，而全市的增幅为5.7%。35天的拍摄场地费用每年为公园带来87042美元的营业收入。

▲当地社区一直缺乏公共绿地。尽管坐落在山脉附近，但当地居民却鲜少有游览山景的闲暇与机会。基地的表层覆土吸收了石油开采留下的甲烷气体，并为所有居民提供了休闲娱乐的场地，The neighborhood had suffered from a lack of public green space. Despite being geographically close, many residents had never visited the mountains. The site’s topsoil caps and mitigates methane gas left over from oil extraction and expands recreational opportunities for all residents © Studio-MLA

▲场地形态起伏且处于活跃的地震带，因此，设计团队在平面上规划了三级台地，位于东北部地势最高的台地包含了娱乐区，中部台地能够俯瞰城市全景，而最下部的台地则包含了停车场与足球场，A hilly and seismically active site, the plan delineates 3 distinct terraces. The northeast upper terrace includes play areas, the middle terrace overlooks the city, and the lower terrace includes parking and a soccer field © Studio-MLA

▲Vista Hermosa – “美丽的景色”。该公园为洛杉矶市中心提供了标志性的景观，并与周围圣莫尼卡山脉的原生生态相连接，Vista Hermosa – “Beautiful view”. The park gives Angelenos iconic views to downtown and a connection to the native ecologies of the surrounding Santa Monica Mountains © Tom Lamb

▲Vista Hermosa项目是LAUSD和山区娱乐与保护管理局合作的成果。公园的建成为这个兼具地质和历史挑战性的地区带来了重大的社区利益，Vista Hermosa is the result of a diligent stakeholder partnership between LAUSD and Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority. The park’s completion represents a significant community benefit on a geologically and historically challenging site © Tom Lamb

▲在城市中心重建生态栖息地。该公园在太平洋飞行路线内为现场观察到的60种鸟类提供了栖息地，并为至少1只已做过生态标记的土狼提供了繁殖地，Re-created habitat in the heart of the city. The park provides habitat within the Pacific Flyway for 60 bird species observed on site and provides breeding grounds for at least 1 tagged coyote © Tom Lamb

▲一条供人们散步和跑步的小径蜿蜒穿过整个公园。这条小径将一系列自由游乐区、儿童冒险区、洞穴、露天剧场、洗手间和下面的足球场连接起来，A walking and running trail winds through the entire park. The trail connects the many freeplay areas with the children’s adventure area, the grotto, and the amphitheater, restrooms, and soccer field below © Hunter Kerhart

▲多样的树冠为人们提供了阴凉、为动物们提供了栖息地，同时还贮存了二氧化碳，现场种植的800多棵树每年捕获约22吨大气碳，A diverse tree canopy provides shade, habitat, and carbon sequestration. The +800 trees planted on site capture an estimated 22 tons of atmospheric carbon annually © Hunter Kerhart, Tom Lamb

▲标志性的长椅已经入镜了十几部电视节目与电影中。这是一个充满希望和安全感的地方，游客可以在这里与自然和城市联系在一起，This iconic bench has been featured in dozens of television shows and films. A place of prospect and refuge – where visitors connect with nature and the city at once © Hunter Kerhart

▲一个可以安静休息的地方。设计师们对陡峭的山坡进行了规划和分级，以过滤并贮存城市雨水径流，并将区域分开，以满足各种灵活而独特的活动需求，Places for quiet respite. The steep hillside was planned and graded to treat and detain urban runoff on site, and separate areas to allow for flexible yet distinct programs © Tom Lamb

▲儿童冒险区包含定制设计的游戏雕塑。当地动物的定制雕塑，与天然巨石和原生树木相得益彰，并提供了大量的座位，吸引了所有年龄段的人来此休憩和野餐，The children’s adventure area incorporates custom-designed play sculptures. Custom sculptures of native animals accentuated by natural boulders and logs and plenty of seating engage people of all ages to perch and picnic © Hunter Kerhart, Tom Lamb

▲走在时代的前面。Vista Hermosa展示了一种自然化公园设计的原型，与现代、过去息息相关，公园的设计结合了一系列可见和隐藏的低生态影响策略，以处理雨水，提供生态栖息地，并将人与自然联系起来。Ahead of its time. Vista Hermosa presents a model of naturalized park design as relevant today as when it was constructed. The park is teaming with both visible and hidden low impact design strategies to treat stormwater, provide habitat, and connect people to nature. © Hunter Kerhart

▲Vista Hermosa公园以其干燥、适应当地气候的美学为特征。与传统公园的草皮不同，该公园使用本地植物和可渗透的分解花岗岩，作为聚会和玩耍的场地，Vista Hermosa features a dryer, climate-appropriate aesthetic. Rather than the turf of traditional parks, the park uses native plants and permeable decomposed granite that doubles as gathering and play surface © Tom Lamb

▲公园不仅吸引了大量当地游客，还吸引了60多种穿过太平洋飞行通道的鸟类。足球场下隐藏着一个巨大的蓄水池，用于雨水的收集与再利用。右下图为志愿护林员在城市忠教授有关野生动物和自然的课程，The park draws regional visitors, including more than 60 bird species passing through the Pacific Flyway corridor. The soccer field conceals a massive cistern for rainwater reuse on irrigation. Volunteer rangers teach programs about wildlife & nature in the city © Hunter Kerhart, Tom Lamb

▲为洛杉矶而生的公园。Vista Hermosa激发了大洛杉矶社区的想象力。除了接待当地游客和举办各项活动外，好莱坞还经常使用该公园进行电影拍摄，每年能够给公园带来超过10万美元的维护收入，A Park for LA. Vista Hermosa sparks the imagination of the greater Los Angeles community. In addition to local visitors and events, Hollywood regularly uses the park for film shoots, bringing in over $100k annual income for maintenance © Hunter Kerhart, Tom Lamb, RocknRollBride, and Corona

▲公园的社会影响是显而易见的。Vista Hermosa的建设使Westlake附近111,803名居民享受到更好的社会服务，据人口普查数据显示，相比于2010年，当地每1000名居民的平均公园面积增加了13%，The park’s social impacts are evident. Vista Hermosa’s construction increased average park acreage per 1,000 residents by 13% for 111,803 Westlake neighborhood residents. (2010 Census data) © Tom Lamb

Project Narrative

Social Equity

Vista Hermosa – Spanish for “beautiful view” – is a 10-acre urban habitat and recreation park located in an urban, park-poor neighborhood north of downtown LA. The project earned its legacy status by becoming a beloved icon of the city through its transformation of a former brownfield site once holding oil wells into a nature and play destination. Public workshops were used to gather local knowledge for park design, and the project was evaluated for environmental, social, and economic performance. As a participant in the Landscape Architecture Foundation Case Study Investigation series, the park was evaluated in great detail for its environmental, social, and economic performance.

Sustainability

The landscape architect and civil engineer collaborated to transform a steep hillside into a 10-acre urban park. Soft terraces defined play and gathering spaces and captured urban runoff. A nature walk navigates the hillside through native shrubs and trees, while a meadow doubles as a detention basin for rainwater retention. Native trees and plants provide habitat for 60 bird species on the Pacific Flyway, reducing irrigation and maintenance. Toxic gases from the former oil field required mitigation measures, such as removing the topsoil and adding new layers to safely release gases. Venting systems prevent gas accumulation under impermeable slabs in park buildings and a cistern, as well as the adjacent school buildings.

Climate Change

Vista Hermosa Park captures 54% of annual runoff, retaining 120k gallons of water during storms, which is equivalent to one-fifth of an Olympic-sized pool. The park’s 600-700 trees cool the surrounding area by 0.9ºF and save 8.1M gallons of water, equal to $81,339.97 in cost savings. The park also reduces carbon emissions by 84% (1,831 lbs of CO2) and sequesters 22.23 tons of carbon annually, equivalent to emissions from 4.3 cars or the annual energy use of 2.1 homes.

Diversity & Inclusion

Vista Hermosa Natural Park brought with it many human and social benefits. The park serves over 21,000 people who live within a half-mile radius in a neighborhood with a median household income of $25,184. By offering recreational opportunities such as soccer, walking and running trails, and adventure play, the park helps support physical fitness in addition to the mental restoration being in nature provides.

The client leverages the park’s abundant nature by hosting an average of 67 programs, including educational lectures and tours provided in both Spanish and English, averaging 161 hours a year and serving 1,487 attendees. The site also acts as a departure point for the “Transit to Trails” program, which facilitates transport to, and exploration of, the extensive natural areas surrounding the city.

Resilience

Vista Hermosa Park saves $70,000 annually on maintenance costs by using artificial turf for the soccer field. The park provided over 6,000 hours of employment during construction and employs multiple staff on-site. The park contributed to a 35% increase in nearby housing units between 2000-2010, compared to 5.7% city-wide. The park generates $87,042 in annual revenue for operating expenses from 35 days of filming fees.

Project Credits
KPFF Consulting Engineers, Civil and Structural Engineer
M-E Engineers, Electrical Engineer
ERW Design, Architect
Sweeney + Associates, Irrigation
EPD Consultants, Pond Consultant
SCS Engineers, Methane Mitigation Engineers
C. P. O’Halloran Associates IncC. P. O’Halloran Associates Inc., Cost Estimating
Brett Goldstone, Gate and Fence Artist
Art Share, Public Art Signage
Los Angeles Engineering, General Contractor

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