“This garden immediately brings to mind sunny afternoons over a glass of chilled white wine. It evokes a sense of terroir in the landscape, so appropriate given its vineyards beyond. The attention to siting for winds, reducing water use, pervious paving, and appropriate meadow plants came together to create the ultimate synthesis of science and art.”
– 2014 Awards Jury

“这处园林让人立刻想起了阳光灿烂的午后时手握一杯冰镇白葡萄酒的悠闲情致。它主张在景观之中营造出一种风土感，由此充分考虑了葡萄园的因素。选址时注意考虑风的因素，减少水的使用，对路面进行透水性铺设，以及准备适当的草甸植物，由此创建了科学及艺术相结合的终极综合体。”
——2014年评审委员会

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Vineyard Retreat by Scott Lewis Landscape Architecture

项目陈述 PROJECT STATEMENT

这个田园居所的特点经历了戏剧性和解放性的改变，将其特性与独特的环境景观相协调。其坐落于葡萄园之中，此前的设计是一处杂乱无章的传统型多年生四季花园，采用了不适合的搭配以及不透水路面。如今，定制的花园则规划出了具有当代气息的精致色调。其与邻近土地环境之间的连接是通过大片的草地，季节的色彩，以及提供了藤蔓与连绵起伏的丘陵的精致的策略性循环流通进行强化的。

This country residence experienced a dramatic shift in character, a liberating change that harmonized the property with its distinctive surrounding landscape. Nestled among vineyards, the previous design was a cluttered traditional perennial garden, with mismatched materials and impervious surfaces. Now, the tailored garden projects a contemporary and refined tone. Its connection to the adjacent agrarian environment is reinforced through swaths of grasses, seasonal color and strategic circulation that offers views of vines and rolling hills.

▼室内到室外的简易转换是方案中的重中之重。在主屋中，景观设计师推荐拓宽木质平台，并且增加了涂漆钢管以增强保护免受日光伤害。
Easy transitions from indoors to outdoors were a priority in the plan. At the main home, the landscape architect recommended widening the deck and adding painted steel arbors to improve protection from the sun.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

地址及背景调查

此项目包括在北加州酒乡的中心之处开创一处一英亩大的花园，配合进行单户的住宅及宾馆的改造。项目地址被葡萄园环绕。具有不透水路面，包括一个网球场，采用绿色以及露石对该处的大部分路面进行了铺设。这个花园采用的是集中灌溉，种植的多是草坪草以及黄杨木。原有的许多篱笆，轻易阻隔了此地址周围的空气流通。棚屋，栅栏，乔木以及高高的篱笆将附近的景致完全阻隔了。

此处夏日酷暑难耐。通过多次实地考察，景观设计师发现来自西山的午后轻风十分盛行。这一地位因素影响了室外凉亭的建立及选址。除了现有的成熟橄榄树之外，此前的外观设计被完全地替换掉了。客户要求要建立一处宁静，并且现代化的花园，希望其与建筑物及周边景观有较强的关联。

设计方案及意图

1、该设计意在创建一处宁静且充满现代化气息的环境。此花园需要具有视觉乐趣，但保持其整洁利落之感。树丛，林荫道，及树篱，与清晰的大循环相结合，将花园空间划分为大型的空间区块。这些区块内的大规模种植建立了一种规模感，从视觉上拓宽了空间。访客们意识到景点的扩张，但是此处的布局确保，所有的花园不会一次性展现出来。此方案鼓励访客通过漫步其中自己发现更多的美景。色彩及纹理之间十分和谐，不会令人觉得互相冲突。调色偏向柔和，避免使用明亮的色彩。池塘的自定义的灰泥色调带来了一种悠闲宁静的深蓝天蓝的色彩。强调部分包括植物的颜色及纹理，例如蓝色的披碱草。

2、该项设计需要将酒乡的特点融合进花园之中。在所有方位都开发了针对邻近葡萄园的景致观赏。同样地，对更远到达山腰处的景色进行了保留以及开辟，由此访客则能够时时察觉到该地的意义。此处的风光景色通过移除棚屋，栅栏以及亲水性树木而得到增强；也通过定位新的路径及树丛而进一步增进美感。凉亭的顶棚进行了实地调整，以使其与远处的山谷分水线相协调。

三条长排的藤蔓标出了花园的东部边缘，并且在到达时就会闪现于眼前。室外凉亭摄下了数英亩的仙粉黛及赤霞珠葡萄的如画风光。草坪区块令人联想到农田，它们使得风流通循环，并且展示了季节变换。当峡谷迎来秋日，邻近葡萄园的色彩与此地的树木及草地的颜色相呼应。

3、根据要求，该项设计应与建筑物之间具有较强的融合。与新的景观设计同时进行的，主屋及宾馆进行了大规模的休整，以便简化色彩和修饰，取出多余的装饰，增加自然光线，并且提供更好的通往户外的路径。

客户，景观设计师以及建筑师之间牢固的伙伴关系带来了统一的审美。该团队进行合作，由此确保从内部到外部具有无缝的视觉及物理上的过渡。客户提供的柔和的调色板，包括银色，烟灰色，以及紫色，尤其激发了选择暖灰色的国内石灰石进行铺设，选择观赏用草地的季节性色彩以及为修整池塘选择的深蓝色调。

此花园方案的主要路径以建筑物中心线为基础。例如，从房屋大堂的开始南北方向延伸的强大的中轴线。景观设计师及建筑师协同工作，为主屋进行了新的遮阳设计，采用了简洁的悬臂凉亭，而不需要利用植物进行遮荫。该团队也合作进行了室外凉亭的设计及选址，建立了一处简单的，通风的结构，静静地坐落于花园之中。

环境因素

表面：该处的不透水路面减少了将近70%。透水砂砾路径以及低维护成本，耐旱的植物现在覆盖了大部分室外区域。

水：减少水的使用是设计中的一个驱动因素。灌溉用水减少了25%，尽管总的种植区域增加了22%。灌溉用水是通过消除此前的草坪以及使用观赏性草坪以及地中海植物实现用量减少的。

暴雨径流：新的设计通过将径流导向浸润区而非管道排水系统，从而增加了此处保留的暴雨数量。平坦地区对于正确排水是一项挑战，但是通过景观设计师的仔细分级，加上石匠在现场进行的协助，他们将暴雨径流从路面导向了指定的疏散区。

植物：景观设计师在选择最符合气候，土壤，耐旱目标以及美感的草坪时，与一名全国知名的草地专家进行了商讨。在大型草地的草甸及交织地带共采用了九种不同类别的草。该地的鸣禽的数目已经明显增加，可能是因为观赏性草地的种子以及增长的树木覆盖将其吸引过来。

阳光控制：夏日的情况通过在主居所增加一个凉棚，以及采用落叶乔木为该地的建筑物提供荫凉而进行了改善。景观设计师将新的凉亭的选址设在能够利用傍晚轻风的位置。

▼在前门路径处，采用格兰马草草坪“美人野心”代替了耗水的草坪。
At the front approach, a meadow of Bouteloua gracilis ‘Blonde Ambition’ replaced a water-intensive turf lawn.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼此房屋坐落于大规模种植的简单区块框架之中。在后院，该地葡萄园中成排的葡萄的秋季景致与周边景观相呼应。
The house is set within a framework of simple blocks of massed plantings. In the background, the autumn hues of the property’s vineyard rows echo the surrounding landscape.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼（左）简单的前栅栏，小径以及草坪使得周围的葡萄园成为了主要的风景。
(left) The simplicity of the front fence, pathway and meadow lets the surrounding vineyards dominate the view.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography
（右）选择将植物及硬景观相结合，由此与周边的丘陵以及地形相契合。
(right) The colorations of plantings and hardscape materials were selected to mesh with the surrounding hills and terrain.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼总设计图。
Site Plan.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼在该地的最高点战略性地设置了一处凉亭，以便令人得以享受夜晚的微风。顶棚经过了仔细的调整，由此得以保留山脊的景致。
A pavilion was strategically placed on the highest part of the property in order to pick up evening breezes. The roofline was carefully adjusted to preserve views of the ridgeline.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼一丛鸡爪槭“宝玉”勾勒出了凉亭所在之处，并且带来了秋日的色彩。
A bosque of Acer palmatum ‘Hogyoku’ frames the pavilion and provides autumn color.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼该凉亭位于此地的边缘，以便最大化邻近多层葡萄藤，森林以及远山的美丽景色。栅栏保持低矮，由此促进葡萄藤的直接感。
The pavilion is placed near the property’s edge to maximize views of the layers of surrounding vines, forest and distant hills. The fence is kept low to promote the immediacy of the vines.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼宽广的木质平台以及保持平台处于荫凉之中的凉棚，以便进行户外娱乐。
The wide deck and arbor keep the deck shaded for outdoor entertaining.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼ 国内石灰石铺设的道路，仔细与此地元素相融合，做出此选择是因为其能够在炎炎夏日之中保持脚下清凉。客户定制颜色以及吃矿泉之中的水线砖瓦营造了一种湛蓝的色调氛围。
Domestic limestone paving, carefully integrated with site elements, was selected as it stays cool underfoot in the intense summer heat. The custom plaster color and waterline tile in the spa create an azure blue accent.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼ 大规模的草坪中包括秋酸沼草，滇羊茅，狼尾草属“红兔子尾巴”，“精灵尾巴”以及黍属植物“重金属”，补充了分层的，森林的山脊线。
Massed grasses including Sesleria autumnalis, Festuca mairei, Pennisetum ‘Red Bunny Tails’, P. ‘Fairy Tails’ and Panicum virgatum ‘Heavy Metal’ complement the layered, forested ridgelines.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼场地设计建立了一条强大的中轴线，将前门走廊，主屋大堂，池塘以及后方的橄榄树林相连接。
The site design establishes a strong central axis, which joins the front entrance walkway, the home’s main foyer, the pool and grove of olive trees at rear of property.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

▼ （左）建设前存在的情况：从宾馆处所见的花园，是一种混合元素的混乱，广泛采用了露石水泥混凝土进行铺设。
(left) Existing conditions before construction: The garden, seen here by the guesthouse, was a mixed jumble of elements with extensive use of exposed aggregate concrete paving.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography
（右）建设前存在的情况：人造草坪令绿色占据了花园的西侧。山谷和丘陵的景致被阻挡。
(right) Existing conditions before construction: A synthetic turf putting green dominated the west side of the garden. Views of the valley and hills were obscured.
Photo Credit: Matthew Millman Photography

Site and Context Investigation

The project involved the creation of a one-acre garden in conjunction with the renovation of a single-family residence and guesthouse in the heart of the Northern California wine country. Vineyards surround the site. Impervious surfaces, including a tennis court, putting green and exposed-aggregate paving covered a majority of the site. The garden was irrigation-intensive, primarily turf grass and boxwood. Numerous hedges prevented easy circulation around the site. Views were blocked from all parts of the property with sheds, fencing, arbors and tall hedges.

Summer heat is intense at the site. Through repeated site visits, the landscape architect discovered the prevalence of afternoon breezes coming off the western hills. This site factor influenced the creation and location of an outdoor pavilion. The previous exterior design was entirely replaced, with the exception of existing mature olive trees. The client required a garden that would be restful and modern, with a strong relationship to the architecture and the surrounding landscape.

Design Program and Intent

1. The design was intended to create a serene and contemporary environment. The garden needed to have visual interest but remain uncluttered. Tree bosques, allees and hedges, combined with clear axial circulation, divide the garden space into large blocks. Massed plantings within these sections create a sense of scale that visually enlarges the space. Visitors are aware of the expansiveness of the site, but the layout insures that not all of the garden can be seen at once. The plan encourages visitors to discover more by walking out into the property. Colors and textures are harmonious, not clashing. The color palette is subdued and avoids bright colors. The custom plaster tint of the pool creates a restful deep blue azure color. Accents include plant color and texture such as Blue Lyme Grass.

2. The design needed to incorporate the wine country characteristics into the garden. Views to the immediate surrounding vineyards were developed in all directions. Also, farther views to the hillsides were preserved and opened up, so that visitors are constantly aware of the significance of place. Vistas were enhanced by removing sheds, fencing and water-loving trees; and by the positioning of new paths and tree bosques. The roofline of the pavilion was field-adjusted to harmonize with the valley’s ridgeline in the distance.

Three long rows of vines outline the eastern edge of the garden and are glimpsed at arrival. The outdoor pavilion frames a vista of acres of Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. The blocks of grasses are reminiscent of agrarian fields, moving in the wind and showing seasonal variations. When fall comes to the valley, the color of the adjacent vineyards is echoed in the trees and grasses on site.

3. The design required a strong integration with the architecture. Concurrent with the new landscape design, the main house and guesthouse underwent extensive renovations to simplify colors and finishes, remove excess ornamentation, increase natural light and provide better access to the outdoors.

The strong partnership between the client, landscape architect and architect resulted in a unified aesthetic. The team collaborated to insure a seamless visual and physical transition from the interior to the exterior. The clients’ restrained color palette of silver, smoky gray and amethyst accents inspired the paving selection of a warm gray domestic limestone, the seasonal colors of the ornamental grasses and the deep azure hue of the renovated pool.

The garden plan’s main paths were based on the architectural centerlines. For instance, the property’s strong central axis extends north-south from the home’s main foyer. The landscape architect and architect worked together on the design of new solar shading at the main house, resulting in clean-lined cantilevered arbors that did not require plants for shading. The team also collaborated on the design and siting of the outdoor pavilion, producing a simple, airy structure that sits unobtrusively in the garden.
Environmental Aspects

Surfaces: The site’s impervious surfaces were reduced by almost 70%. Permeable gravel paths and low-maintenance, drought-tolerant plantings now cover most of the outdoor area.

Water: Reducing water use was a driving factor in the design. The water used by irrigation decreased by 25%, despite the total planted area increasing in size by 22%. Irrigation use was reduced with the elimination of the previous turf lawns and the use of ornamental grasses and Mediterranean plants.

Storm water: The new design increased the amount of storm water retained on site by directing run off to infiltration areas instead of to a piped drainage system. The flat site was a challenge to drain properly, but careful grading by the landscape architect, assisted in the field with the stonemason, conducted storm water from paving to designated dispersal areas.

Plantings: The landscape architect consulted with a nationally recognized meadow specialist when selecting grasses most compatible with the climate, soil, drought tolerance goals and aesthetic direction. Nine different grass species were used in the meadow and interwoven in large swaths. The site’s songbird population has noticeably increased, likely due to the attraction of ornamental grass seeds and increased tree cover.

Solar control: Summer conditions were improved by the addition of an arbor at the main residence and the use of deciduous trees to provide shade at the site’s structures. The landscape architect sited the new pavilion to take advantage of late-afternoon cooling breezes.

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