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2014年10月9日，Ben van Berkel领导的UNStudio作品–荷兰Spijkenisse市de Stoep剧院正式开放。

Ben van Berkel / UNStudio’s Theatre de Stoep in Spijkenisse will open its doors to the public on Oct 9th.

Following the recent completion of the Theatre de Stoep in the Dutch town of Spijkenisse, the Municipality of Spijkenisse will tomorrow celebrate the official opening of its new cultural venue for the city.

UNStudio’s design for Theatre responds to the current cultural invigoration of the city by merging the archetypal function of a theatre – that of creating a world of illusion and enchantment – with the specific requirements of a regional theatre and its requisite to cater to the varied needs of the local community.

The theatre is therefore designed with a dual emphasis on the chimeric nature of the world of the stage and the social aspects of the theatre experience.

Ben van Berkel: “In contrast to today’s mediatised culture, theatre offers the participatory experience of the live event, often appropriately referred to as ‘liveliness’: the ‘magic of live theatre’, understood as the strange, elusive energy between audience and performer, the community forged together and the momentary collaboration necessitated by the live event.”

Spijkenisse剧场的设计重点在于都市建筑的安置和定位，同时从建筑的角度满足编排节目的需求并提供公共入口。剧场内项目的安置意在提供高效率的场内路线，与周围形成合理的关系，而不同容积的房间的设计和安置利用了地皮的自然起伏。观众从剧场的大厅和公共广场得以径直进入两间主要的剧场。一架雕刻的楼梯将剧场大厅和房间入口连接起来。剧场咖啡厅毗邻附近的水域，设计为一个圆形剧场，作为第三间剧场。

Ben van Berkel提到剧场中观众对表演的参与和互动是一件充满神奇与活力的事件，这个剧场的设计希望将这种参与感与互动感提升到一个全新的境界。5800平方米面积容纳了两个演出厅，其中大演出厅可以包含650名观众，小演出厅能入座200名观众。两个剧场之间是咖啡厅，餐厅，艺术家咖啡厅，贵宾休息室，更衣室，多功能室，办公室等房间。所有的功能围绕中心一个圆心而汇聚，这个圆心处也是整个建筑的大型无柱公共大厅。Ben van Berkel认为公共大厅也是一个剧场–一个上演观众与动态视线，社交功能的剧场。

Theatre de Stoep is designed to fortify and inspire this liveliness, providing at one and the same time a place of performance, of social gathering and of experiencing contrasting realities: the world of the other, of fabrication, of expression and display, but simultaneously the very real sentient experience of ourselves as spectators within these worlds.

In the design of the 5,800 m2 building a larger and a smaller theatrical space (with the main auditorium seating up to 650 guests and the smaller hall accommodating 200), several interlinked foyers, a grand café and a restaurant, an artist’s café, a VIP lounge, numerous dressing rooms, multifunctional rooms and offices are all brought together within one volume. The placement of the various internal volumes results in a building in the form of a flower, with a large, column-free central foyer forming the heart of the structure.

Vertical foyer

Ben van Berkel: “The vertical foyer becomes a pivotal point in the social functioning of the theatre, a ‘stage’ for the visitors and a dynamic focal point surrounded by viewpoints on different levels.”

Furthermore, the foyer serves to organise wayfinding and the linking of the different programmes within the building. From the main foyer, a sculptural stairway forms the binding element towards the entrances to the auditoria, while the handrail of the stairway seamlessly molds itself into functional surfaces and furniture elements.

为了举办戏剧，歌舞，音乐剧，舞蹈等各种类型的表演，剧院的声学空间被严格的设计，并通过最新的声学控制软件让音质得到提高。可以升降的天花板配合吸音墙能够根据需求调整音效，为每一位听众带来绝妙的耳朵体验。

Auditoria and acoustics

Theatre de Stoep hosts a wide variety of performance types, including plays, opera, cabaret, musicals, concerts, youth theatre and dance performances. As such, versatility in the acoustic properties of the theatre spaces is paramount. The recent rapid development of the software used to control acoustics made it possible to engineer and optimise the sound quality within the auditoria. Thus the ceiling elements can be lowered and angled to adjust volume levels when required, while the acoustic wall panels reflect and increase the quality of the sound for every seat in the auditorium.

建筑师运用色彩和光线营造氛围。白天，阳光穿透剧场撒入公共空间深处，夜晚，人工照明创建出温暖舒适的氛围。建筑以白色为基调色，紫红色为点缀色，形成活力四射并亲切的视觉效果。

Light and colour

Light and colour play an essential role in the experience of the theatre, not only in the auditoria and for productions, but also for setting the scene, the atmosphere and the mood in the public foyers. During the day the lower glass portion of the facade enables daylight penetration directly from both the front of the theatre and from above, throwing daylight deep into the foyer and above the stairs leading to the auditoria. In the evening a warm and inviting atmosphere is created through the use of both colour and artificial lighting.

Above the glazed lower levels of the facade, the upper portion comprises two layers of aluminium, Glimpses of the purple coloured back layer can be seen through circular perforations in the outer white panels, with LED lights fitted between the two facade layers to light the building in the evenings.

流线型的建筑动感圆润，造型最小化受到风干扰。有机的建筑通过设计信息模型DIM控制成本；通过信息集成技术搭建模型空间和检查空间。UNStudio在项目早期就与奥雅纳密切合作，确保全方位的细节落实，通过DIM管理，BIM建立模型，最终达到了有效的成本控制和细节控制。

Integration and attainability

Unique to the location is its connection with the water and the view to the nearby windmill, ‘Nooitgedacht’. The building volume is rounded so as to ensure as little wind flow disturbance to this nearby mill. Although the demands of the regional theatre are many and varied, ways must be found to balance design ambitions with affordability. One means by which it was possible to save significant costs on construction was through the use of Design Information Modelling (DIM): a knowledge integrated performance driven design methodology employed during the design phases which affords the unique opportunity to test and to model spaces swiftly and in an integrated fashion.

In the early stages of the project UNStudio worked with Arup on Clash detections to ensure that all three dimensional details where recognised and researched on repetition and buildability. The step from Design information modelling (DIM) to Building information modelling (BIM) was made after tendering the main contractor VORM Bouw. The final BIM model was developed from the DIM model by IOB in close collaboration with the contractor to ensure an important reduction of the adjustment costs and micro control of the detailed costs. The client, the City of Spijkenisse, played a crucial and important role in requesting the full DIM/BIM design process and the full BIM model will be used for the maintenance and management of the theatre in the future.

Client: Municipality of Spijkenisse
Building surface: 7000m2 gross/ 5700m2 net
Building volume: 42000m3
Building site: 3600m2
Capacity main auditorium: 656 (467 + 189 on balcony) Small auditorium: 200
Programme: Theatre
Status: Finished

Photo credits: ©Peter Guenzel / ©Jan Paul Mioulet / ©Peter de Jong
3D images: © Arup / IOB.nl

Credits
Ben van Berkel, Gerard Loozekoot with Jacques van Wijk and Hans Kooij, Lars Nixdorff, Thomas Harms, Gustav Fagerstrom, Ramon van der Heijden
Tatjana Gorbachewskaja, Jesca de Vries, Wesley Lanckriet, Maud van Hees, Benjamin Moore, Henk van Schuppen, Philipp Mecke, Colette Parras, Daniela
Hake, Mazin Orfali and Selim Ahmad.

Advisors
Engineer design phase (structures and building services): Arup, Amsterdam
Engineer execution (structure and architecture): IOB, Hellevoetsluis
Advisor installations execution phase: De Blaay – Van den Boogaard, Rotterdam
Lighting design: Arup, Amsterdam
Theatre technique: PB theateradviseurs, Uden
Acoustics: SCENA akoestisch adviseurs, Uden
Fire: DGMR, Arnhem
Costs: Basalt Bouwadvies, Nieuwegein

Contractors
Main contractor: VORM Bouw, Papendrecht
Aluminium facade: Sorba projects, Winterswijk
Windows: Blitta, Venray
Steel structure: Staalbouw Cluistra, Renswoude
HVAC: De Jong installatietechniek, Schiedam
Electricity: Steegman Elektrotechniek, Den Haag
Interiors: Form Finish, Beverwijk
Theater technique: DTS2, Groningen
Seating: Jezet Seating, Overpelt (Belgium)

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