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ESO Headquarters Extension
Garching near Munich

欧洲南方天文台（ESO）是由15个国家政府合作的最前沿的天文研究机构，也是在天文学领域做出最大贡献的研究结构。ESO在智利共有三个观测地点，分别是拉西拉，帕瑞纳和查南托。在其国际成员国的合作下，ESO修建了阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列（ALMA），目前正在设计欧洲极大望远镜（E-ELT）。

ESO, the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organization in Europe and the world’s most productive astronomical observatory. ESO operates three sites in Chile — La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor — on behalf of its fifteen member states. Together with its international partners, ESO built ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) and is presently designing the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT).

©ROLAND HALBE

新建大楼对ESO来说有着历史性的重要意义，它将加尔兴市的员工集中在一起，方便了相互合作。同时新增了先进科技设备安装、测试和升级的场所—科技大楼。

该项目由占地10,300平方米的办公/会议楼以及2,900平方米的科技大楼组成，周边面积是ESO加尔兴当前总部面积的两倍多。

The new annex marks an important moment in ESO’s history, as it brings the complete ESO staff in Garching together on one site, facilitating valuable collaboration, as well as providing a technical building for ESO’s most advanced instruments to be assembled, tested and Upgraded.

These two buildings — an office and conference building of 10,300 square metres and a technical building of 2,900 square meters — and their surroundings cover more than double the current area of the ESO Garching Headquarters.

新大楼是对原总部大楼的补充。办公楼采用与原建筑类似的曲线形状，创造出两个内部庭院以充分利用自然光线。科技楼为圆柱体建筑，直径与欧洲极大望远镜（E-ELT）的主镜直径一致，均为39米。两栋新楼的低耗能性为其赢得了绿色建筑的标签：大楼立面、墙壁和地板具有高隔热性能；通过热力泵传输至混凝土芯部的地下水可调节办公楼的温度；此外，地热水提供局部供暖。

The extension was designed to complement the original building (Architects: Fehling+Gogel). The office building, implementing a similar curved shape, boasting two inner courtyards, makes extensive use of natural light sources. The technical building is a cylinder construction with a diameter the size of the 39-metre primary mirror of the E-ELT. Both new buildings have been labelled green buildings due to the significantly lower energy consumption typical for buildings of this size. This is achieved with the well-insulated facade and intense wall and slab insulation. The office building is heated and cooled through concrete core activation — using ground water, which is fed into with a heat pump. Additional heat energy is supplied with district heating utilizing geothermally heated water.

设计理念
新大楼的设计充分考虑了南端的绿化带和原总部大楼的建筑风格，在此基础上形成了在功能上及外形上与原大楼完美契合的开放式独立大楼，同时保留了原主入口、接待区和公共区域。

由于新大楼位于原总部大楼的南端，深入绿化带，因此新楼被设计成嵌入自然环境中的建筑。为更好地突出总部大楼的重要性，除了两个五层高的环形办公室楼之外，新大楼的高度均不超过三层。

原大楼的外形特点是一系列面向周围景观的开放式弧段。作为原总部大楼的主要特色，曲线形状隐示交流之意。新大楼的设计沿用了这一曲线元素，凹凸曲线围成了内部区域、交流区域和观众厅、会议室、餐厅等公共区域。

Design concept
The architectural concept for the extension buildings takes into account both the established green belt beyond the southern border of the research campus and the extrovert character of the existing headquarters building. The result is open and individual buildings that blend both functionally and formally with the existing headquarters, while still respecting its prime position with the main entrance, reception and public areas.

Since the new office and conference building is located south of the existing headquarters and therefore reaches even further into the green belt, it was conceived as a structure embedded in its natural surroundings. In keeping with the majority of the existing building, the height of the new buildings does not exceed three storeys other than the two five-storey office rings towards the southeast.

The circle form is the dominating architectural component in the existing headquarters building. In this context it refers to scientific communication and this design element is overtaken and transformed into the extension building. While the existing building is composed of a series of open arcs opening out into the surrounding countryside, the new building forms a continuous band of convex and concave circles that enclose inner circulation zones, communication zones and public facilities such as the auditorium, council room and cafeteria.

©ROLAND HALBE

原总部大楼的入口面朝西北，由大约4米高的斜坡可直接到达第二层，一层（地面层）则主要用作内部通道。新大楼的结构与之相似，两个主要楼层悬浮在地面层之上。作为结构和功能区域的地面层包含观众厅、半封闭的自行车和汽车停车场。地下层位于观众厅建筑群下方。为避免触碰到地下水位，建筑师尽量减少了地下层面积，一方面可以防止出现水浸，另一方面有助于减少防水混凝土结构的成本。

The main entrance to the existing headquarters is via a ramp from the northwest at a height of about 4 metres above ground, meaning one enters the building through the first floor. The ground floor is mainly used for internal access and delivery. Therefore, the new building is conceived with its two main floors floating above ground level. These two main floors rest on structural and functional building elements, which contain the auditorium, delivery areas, covered bicycle and car parks. The basement is located below the auditorium complex. In order to avoid breaching the ground water level, the basement areas are reduced to the required minimum in order to avoid the risk of flooding and reduce waterproof concrete structures building costs.

©ROLAND HALBE

入口和通道
项目保留了原总部大楼的主入口。内部桥梁通道将三栋大楼连接起来。在原大楼的东北方向，经由入口通路可以直接到达新楼的停车场，即新大楼入口。停车场沿着新办公/会议大楼地面层分布，呈环形构造。二层地板成为停车场的顶部。该入口包含一个出租车区域和一个单独的接待区，接待区也可用来召开会议或研讨会等。

内部组织
设在原大楼附近区域内的观众厅、餐厅和会议室形成了ESO新格局的平衡点。二、三层的外缘区域兼具阅读和交流的功能，透过玻璃窗可欣赏外部景观。其中一座新建大楼的直径为8.20米，这也是智利帕瑞纳天文台超大望远镜（VLT）的直径。建筑内随处都能发现ESO望远镜元素，如办公大楼外环建筑内部的12m2办公室（面向乡村）；两个内环建筑内部的18m2办公室和会议室（面向庭院）。

Access and circulation
The main entrance was retained in the existing headquarters building. The internal bridge connects the three buildings – the existing building with the office and technical extension buildings. Car access and the direct entrance to the extension building are provided via the access road to the parking spaces, northeast of the existing building. These are arranged in a ring form around the functional and structural parts of the building on the ground floor of the new office and conference building, covered by the first floor’s slab of the building. This entrance includes a taxi drop-off zone and a separate reception, which can also be used for major events such as congresses or seminars.

Internal organization
The auditorium, cafeteria and council room of the new building are situated in the area next to the existing building and thereby form the balance point of the new ESO site layout. Additional communication zones with reading areas are arranged on both upper floors around the two circular cutouts with views to the outside. One of these cutouts, with a diameter of 8.20 metres, has exactly the same dimensions as the large VLT mirrors at the Paranal Observatory in Chile (Auer Weber designed the Residencia at ESO’s Paranal Observatory, which was awarded the 2004 LEAF Award and the 2005 Cityscape Architectural Review Award). Similar reference dimensions to other telescopes of the ESO fleet can be found throughout the buildings. Offices (12 m2 standard size) are placed in the outer ring of the office building and have views to the countryside. Larger 18 m2 offices, as well as the meeting rooms, are located in the two inner rings with views to the courtyards.

景观设计
原大楼与新办公楼之间的绿化区域是基于ESO总体景观规划进行设计的。新办公楼宛如悬浮在风景之上的建筑。设计师尽量减少铺砌地面的面积，让草地或草坪等绿化表面尽量靠近新大楼。人行通道和汽车通道为平整的沥青路面。新种植的树木遵循区域内开放空间与繁茂林地结合的特点，仅在少数区域（如入口区）内种植树木以免妨碍周围乡村风景的视线。

Landscape design
The planted areas between the existing building and the new office building are developed in accordance with the overall ESO site-landscaping concept. The new office building appears as a structure floating above the existing landscape, paved surfaces were kept to a minimum and green surfaces — lawn or grassland, were brought as close as possible to the new building. Paved paths for pedestrians and car access roads were made from asphalt with a ground surface. The planting of additional trees respects the character of the site where open fields meet densely wooded areas. Trees were planted in a few selected areas (e.g., in the entrance area) to determine visual sight lines rather than to obstruct the view of the surrounding countryside.

结构
二、三层位于混凝土基座结构之上。地面层的环状倾斜混凝土柱支撑着二层地板。建筑底层上铺设了石膏板，形成了雕塑式的地面区域。二层柱基支撑结构和三层的环形地板及剪力墙结构打造了一个大型无柱式悬臂结构，从而增强了整个建筑的漂浮感。屋顶板上端的连接梁系统起到了平衡整个结构系统的作用，下层地板看起来像是悬挂在屋顶板下方。

Structural concept
The first and second floors rest on a concrete base construction. Circularly arranged inclined concrete columns on the ground floor support the first floor slab. The base of the building is clad with plasterboard that forms sculpted spaces on the ground floor level following the lines of the layoutof the building. A column based support structure on the first floor level and the circular floor slab combined with a shear wall construction used on the second floor, allow a wide column-free cantilever for the ground floor slab, thus enhancing the perception of a structure floating above ground level.

This structural system is balanced through a specifically developed tie-beam system on top of the roof slab which enables the cantilever of the lower slabs to, metaphorically, hang from the building’s roof slab.

©ROLAND HALBE

外观
全玻璃立面的曲线形新楼让整个建筑看起来宛如漂浮在倾斜的混凝土支撑结构上方。白天，折叠的玻璃立面反射出总部大楼和周围乡村风景的断裂影像。夜间，被内部灯光照亮的整个建筑如同与天际对话的发光体。而地面层顶板上嵌入的暗淡灯光又让建筑恍如随时准备发射的飞行器。

Appearance
The curved shape of the extension building with its fully glazed façade provides the illusion of a structure floating above ground on its inclined clad supports. During daylight the existing headquarters and the surrounding countryside are reflected as fractured images through the shingled-folded facade. In the evening when the building is lit from inside, the complete structure in its full height and width, it optically provides a band of light floating aboveground reaching towards the stars. This is enhanced with the dim illumination from the embedded down lights in the suspended ceiling of the ground floor. Then, for a brief moment, the building appears as a flying saucer ready to lift off.

©ROLAND HALBE

ESO Headquarters Extension, Garching near Munich, Germany
Client: European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO),
Garching, Germany
Architects: Auer Weber, Architekten BDA Munich, Germany
Team: Philipp Auer (managing partner), Martin Klemp (project manager associate), Christian
Richardt (deputy project manager), Heinz Wendl (construction manager), Dominic Horn (assistant construction manager) Birte Böttger,
Sascha Dehnst, Joachim Esser, Stefanie Kahle, Jakob Plötz, Ingo Pucci (project team); Martin Janik, Kang-Min Lee (competition team)
Execution Planning: Auer Weber, Architekten BDA Munich, Germany

Partners
Landscape Architect: Gesswein Landschaftsarchitekten, Ostfildern, Germany; naturaplan, Gauting, Germany
Cost calculation, Call for Tenders: Wenzel + Wenzel Freie Architekten Dipl. Ing. Partnerschaft, Munich, Germany
Structure: Mayr | Ludescher | Partner, Munich, Germany
Technical Installations, Energy concept, Thermal Building, Physics, Façade: DS-Plan Ingenieurgesellschaft für ganzheitliche Bauberatung und
Generalplanung mbH,Stuttgart, Germany
Lighting Design: Schmidt König, Munich, Germany
Acoustics: Müller-BBM GmbH, Planegg, Germany
Soil Expertise Surveying: mplan eG, Munich, Germany
Coordination of health and safety measures: Ingenieurbüro Dingethal baulog.com GmbH, Munich, Germany
Fire Protection: hhpberlin Ingenieure für Brandschutz, Munich, Germany
General Contractor: BAM-Germany
Completion: December 2013
Gross floor area: 18.736 m2
Location: Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748 Garching bei München
Photograhper: Roland Halbe, www.rolandhalbe.de

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