“这个包含72个居住单元的经济适用房项目坐落在不规则的地形上，在有限的预算下，它同时面临着应对地形问题和在附近建立社区的挑战。该项目的成功之处在于它带来了惊喜和宁静相互交织的体验：惊喜体现在将日光引向地下庭院的圆形窗洞；宁静体现在另一个庭院内——建筑物和山坡成为了隔绝城市噪音的缓冲带；甚至连场地的挡土墙也发挥出双重作用：既能支撑山坡，又能安装儿童攀爬架和户外黑板。设计师创造性地为场地赋予了多个层级，在保持整个场地的可达性的同时塑造出具有沉思氛围的空间，为公共住房的形象打造提出了新的可能性。”
—— 2020年评审委员会

“Set upon unruly terrain, this 72-unit affordable housing project faced challenges of addressing topography and building community within its neighborhood while on a limited budget. Where it succeeds is in alternating moments of surprise and calm— the former through an oculus that admits daylight to a lower-level courtyard, the latter in a serene courtyard that employs the buildings and hillside as a buffer against urban noise; even the site’s retaining wall pulls double-duty, holding back the hillside but also serving as children’s climbing apparatus and outdoor chalkboard. The designers creatively layered levels and carved out contemplative spaces while maintaining site-wide accessibility that contributes to a new image of what public housing could become.”
– 2020 Awards Jury

来自 ASLA 对gooood的分享。
901 Fairfax Hunters View | Andrea Cochran Landscape Architecture

项目陈述
PROJECT STATEMENT

旧金山的901 Fairfax社区长期处于服务不足和缺乏管理的状态。作为宏观规划的一部分，本次项目旨在继续修复Hunters View的街区，并对场地中陈旧过时的房屋进行补救。在这里，重建工作需要解决陡峭地形和充满隐患的社区模式带来的额外挑战。项目最终营造出了一系列温馨友好的空间，为邻里提供了与户外场景互动和远离都市喧嚣的机会。葱郁的水生植物、定制的户外家具和本地材料相得益彰，共同提升了社交中心的景观品质。

901 Fairfax in San Francisco is the neighborhood hub for a community that has been vastly underserved in its past. This ambitious project continues the restoration of the Hunters View neighborhood, remediating the decrepit and outdated housing on site as part of a larger master plan. At this site, rebuilding what was dilapidated faced additional challenges of steep topography and an unsafe neighborhood pattern. The project provides welcoming spaces, opportunities to interact with the outdoors and with fellow neighbors, as well as respite from busy urban life. Lush and waterwise planting, custom site furniture, and local materials elevate the landscapes of this new social heart for San Francisco’s Hunters View.

▲场地平面：901 Fairfax社区是旧金山猎人角重建计划中的一部分。该项目包含了服务于整个社区的社区中心、托儿所以及经济适用房。Site Plan. 901 Fairfax is located in the restored Hunters View development in San Francisco. The project includes a community center and child care facility that serve the entire neighborhood, as well as affordable housing. ©N/A

项目说明
PROJECT NARRATIVE

恢复生机的街区

901 Fairfax位于前猎人角海军造船厂上方的山坡地带，是旧金山变化最快且长期缺乏服务和管理的社区之一。本项目是猎人角四期重建计划中的第二期，由HOPE SF项目出资（该项目斥资20亿美元在旧金山东南部修建4600户新住宅）。设计团队针对具有挑战性的地形提出了创新性的方法，同时能够满足客户在设计效率方面的目标并控制公共项目的成本。

作为社区重建的重要核心，该项目修复的两个街区包含了72套经济适用房、一个社区中心和一间托儿所，并且可以享受到旧金山湾的全景。设计团队利用有限的资源为住宅区打造了多处便利设施，包括氛围亲切的入口广场、运动场、社区中心庭院和裙楼庭院。设计着重于创造与场地和社区间的连接，通过种植耐旱植物修复山坡，并在多个层级上建立充满新意的视线关联。开放的步行天桥连接了住房的各个楼层，透明的玻璃门向社区庭院空间打开。

社区参与

为了赢得当地社区的信任，设计和开发团队提供了大量的外展服务，包括在项目前期与猎人角的长期居民进行会谈，以了解居民对项目的期望并解决他们的疑虑——由于曾经经历过失信行为，该社区对类似举措一直抱有怀疑的态度。

项目团队确定了大多数居民反映的关键问题，包括对建立社区连接的愿望，以及对改善安全的需求。在建立连接方面，设计团队专注于创造温馨友善的空间以促进邻居间的互动，同时保证所有的社区成员都能够轻松地进入。广场和庭院的设计着力于保障安全，使所有的区域都清晰可见。住宅区内部创建了户外游戏区，可以在促进居民互动的同时帮助他们成为自己空间的管理者。

以改善社区和居民生活质量的共同价值观为基础，设计团队将空间的直接使用者视为他们的最终客户。社区的发展进程也为社区中心、儿童发展中心及其相关的户外空间的规划提供了依据。

多用途的挑战性场地

设计区中心和托儿所入口外的广场连接了两个完全不同的功能区域。这是一个温馨的空间，居民们在参加完社区活动或送孩子进幼儿园之后可以在这里休息和停留。户外座椅被设计为吉他拨片的形状，由钢材和当地回收的喜马拉雅杉木制成，作为整个空间的核心（最初被构想为“漂浮座椅”）。其他几处座位也具有相同的设计语言，它们分布于空间各处，提供了不尽相同的视角和使用体验。浮动的座椅环绕着一组白桦树，在微风中摇曳生姿。

从公共广场继续往前走，将会进入托儿所及社区中心的半公共庭院。位于庭院中央的沙池和游戏地面呈现出相似的造型。约有70名来附近社区的婴幼儿和学龄前儿童，在这座非营利设施中享受到了负担得起的、安全而又充满乐趣的游戏空间。

为了在具有挑战性的地形中开辟出户外空间，项目需要在场地后部修建一道超过20英尺的挡土墙。从设计之初，这堵巨大的墙壁就并为被当做一种限制来看待，而是成为了项目的一个组成部分：它从视觉上连接了托儿所和社区中心的庭院，以一种顺应地势的倾斜姿态贯穿了两个区域。在托儿所区域，字母形状的支撑元素被嵌入挡土墙内，可供孩子们游玩和攀爬，同时，垂直的墙壁也可以被当做黑板来用粉笔涂画。此外还设有沙箱和天然的玩水区域。托儿所庭院中种植着色彩鲜艳且气味宜人的植物，例如野牡丹和天竺葵等。

社区中心庭院内的设施是根据社区居民的宝贵意见而决定的。居民们希望拥有一个可以用来烧烤和聚会的户外场地，为此设计团队特别打造了一个灵活的“社区中心空间”，它的大门和多功能室可以完全敞开，从而将桌椅移到室外。空间中还设置了一个定制的混凝土台面，方便居民们组织烧烤派对。宽阔的楼梯可以通向二层的庭院，那里可以作为演讲空间或小型表演舞台。

最后一个空间是专门为901 Fairfax社区居民设计的裙楼庭院，在这里既可以体验到阴凉的下沉式院落空间，又可以享受阳光普照且充满野趣的山坡景观。景观设计师希望居住者可以随时随地沉浸在丰富多彩的花园景致中，为此特意挑选了一种能够适应复杂坡地的本地植物，与其他耐旱和耐受力强的物种混合种植。

路边的矮墙和休闲座椅使用回收来的历史悠久的旧金山花岗岩打造，进一步将项目与它所在的场地联系起来。

设计中最引人注目的元素当属位于场地中央的圆形光井，它使阳光得以深入到位于首层的健康中心内部。从上方的住宅楼和人行天桥也可以望见这座独特的光井。景观设计师从设计之初便提出将吉他拨片形状的元素融入到光井的造型中。护栏的设计也以此为依据，在延续这一形式的同时在室内和室外之间建立了对话。蜿蜒的形状重复了整个项目的设计主线，将一系列由恩地雪松木打磨的长椅和一系列凸起的混凝土花池连接起来。在一天中的不同时间，你会看到孩子们骑着自行车在光井和花池周围打转，或者发现某位居民独自在山坡路边的石椅上享受安静的时光。据一位刚刚搬来的居民说：“我们就住在街对面，但这里给人完全不一样的感觉。它是如此令人放松、平静，不再被压力困扰。”

▲社区广场为托儿所和社区中心以及经济适用房提供了一个温馨的入口。白桦树、藤蔓墙和木质座椅点亮了原本昏暗的空间。Neighborhood Hub. The community plaza provides a welcoming entry for both the childcare and community centers, as well as the affordable housing units above. Birch trees, a vine wall, and wood seating brighten the shady space. © Marion Brenner

▲停留的机会：广场中央的长椅犹如漂浮在地面之上。从广场可以望见旧金山的景色。An Opportunity to Linger. The bench at the center of the plaza was intended to feel as if it were floating above the groundplane. A view of San Francisco can be enjoyed from the plaza. © Marion Brenner

▲重复的形式：拨片形状的元素在不同的空间重复出现，例如儿童游戏区的彩绘地面和沙池。人们可以从上方的楼层和人行天桥上体验景观。Repeated Forms. The sinuous guitar pick shapes are repeated in the various spaces, as seen in the groundplane and sandboxes of the Childcare play area. The landscape is often experienced from the floors and pedestrian bridges above. © Left: ACLA / Right: Bruce Damonte

▲让局限变成特色：攀爬架和粉笔使高大的挡土墙变成了一个垂直的游戏空间。其他的一些小型装置（如石板地上的喷水泵）也为场地带来了有趣的体验。A Constraint Becomes a Feature. Climbing holds and chalk transform the tall retaining wall into a vertical play space. Other features, such as a pump spilling water onto a salvaged curbstone, provide opportunity for delight. © Marion Brenner

▲属于所有人的游戏空间：低矮的护栏将两个不同年龄段的儿童分隔开，同时不影响保育园的看护。在夜晚和周末，游戏空间会直接向社区中心开放，以服务更多居民。Play for All. A low fence provides separation for two different age groups, while still allowing visibility by the childcare providers. On evenings and weekends, the play space opens directly onto the community center courtyard for expanded use by the residents. © Bruce Damonte

▲相聚的机会：社区中心的室外庭院是一个开放且灵活的聚会和活动空间。定制的台面可供居民举办他们喜欢的烧烤和聚会活动。Opportunity to Gather: The community center outdoor courtyard is an open, flexible space for parties and events. A custom countertop was designed for the many barbecues the residents like to host. © Top: Bruce Damonte / Bottom: Marion Brenner

▲俯瞰场地后方的半公共和私人空间。Birdseye View of the semi-public and private spaces toward the back of the site. © N/A

▲从上方的人行天桥俯瞰裙楼庭院和圆形光井。Experiences From Above. The podium courtyard and Oculus as seen from the pedestrian bridge above. © Marion Brenner

▲喘息与缓和：裙楼庭院中的茂盛植物为空间注入了一种俏皮的、花园般的品质。Respite and Reprieve. The exuberant planting in the podium courtyard imbues a playful and garden-like quality to the space. © Marion Brenner

▲强烈的形式：圆形光井和凸起的混凝土花槽成为空间的主导。耐候钢材质的花槽界定出庭院的边界。Strong Forms. The Oculous and raised concrete planter anchor the space. Corten planters form the edges of the courtyard. © Marion Brenner

▲圆形光井：居民在庭院中玩乐，他们可以从圆形光井望见下方的室内庭院。Oculus. Residents play in the courtyard and look down from the Oculus into the interior courtyard. © Marion Brenner

▲连接景观与天空：根据视角的不同，圆形光井带来了朝向室内庭院或天空的视野。在繁忙的健康中心，室内庭院提供了一个平静的时刻。Where Landscape Meets Sky. Depending on your vantage, the Oculus frames the interior courtyard below or the sky above. The interior courtyard provides a moment of calm within the busy wellness center. © Marion Brenner

▲令人愉悦的花园：庭院中的植物包含坚韧且适应旧金山凉爽气候的多肉品种以及颜色丰富的耐旱品种。A Garden of Delight. The planting palette in the courtyard is a mix of hardy succulents that thrive in the cool San Francisco climate, as well as colorful drought tolerant species. © Marion Brenner

▲山坡上的游戏：山坡被构想为城市环境中的野趣空间。镶嵌于山体的回收路缘石成为了孩子们的天然游戏空间。Hillside Play. The hillside was envisioned as a piece of wild nature placed within the surrounding urban context. Reclaimed curbstones set into the hillside are a natural play space for kids. © Marion Brenner

▲可沉浸的景观：大片的植物在微风中摇曳，将不同材料的硬景观自然地连接在一起。A Place to Immerse One’s Self. Large swaths of informal planting sway in the breeze and tie the disparate materials together. © Marion Brenner

PROJECT NARRATIVE

A Revitalized Neighborhood

901 Fairfax is located on a hillside above the former Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in one of San Francisco’s most rapidly changing and historically under-served neighborhoods. The development is the second of four phases at Hunters View and was funded by the HOPE SF project, a $2 billion initiative to create more than 4,600 new homes in southeast San Francisco. The design team identified innovative and creative approaches to a site with challenging topography, while meeting the client’s primary goal of achieving design efficiency to contain costs for this publicly funded project.

A critical centerpiece of the rebuilt neighborhood, these two blocks contain 72 affordable homes, a community center, and childcare facility, with sweeping views of the San Francisco Bay. The design team worked with limited resources to deliver a number of amenities to the housing site, including a welcoming entry plaza, playground, community center courtyard, and podium courtyard. The design focused on creating connections to the site and community with a hillside restoration of drought tolerant planting and innovative sightline connections across multiple levels. Open pedestrian bridges connect floors of the housing and glass doors open out onto community courtyard space.

Engaging the Community

The design and development team undertook extensive community outreach efforts to gain the trust of the local community. Early meetings with long-time Hunters View residents focused on identifying the residents’ hopes for the project while addressing their concerns. The community was skeptical, having experienced broken promises in the past.

The team identified key issues which were common to most residents, including the desire for community connection and the need for improved security. In order to address the need for connection, the design team focused on creating welcoming spaces that foster interaction with neighbors and are easily accessed by all members of the community. The plazas and courtyards are designed to be secure with all areas being visible—either from the street or from the nearby residences. Outdoor play areas were created within the housing block, in order to help create community and help residents become caretakers of their own environment.

With a shared value to improve the community and quality of life for its residents, the design team saw the end users as the ultimate client. The community process also informed the programming for the community center and child development center, and their associated outdoor spaces.

A Challenging Site with Many Uses

The plaza outside the community center and childcare facility entrances serves as a fulcrum between the two disparate programs. The space is welcoming and inviting, where residents are encouraged to linger after they attend a community event or drop off their child at daycare. The guitar pick shaped bench, constructed of steel and local reclaimed Deodar cedar, is the sculptural center of this space and was originally envisioned as a ‘floating bench’. Several other benches with the same design language are located throughout the space, each offering a slightly different vantage and user experience. The floating bench encircles a grouping of birch trees which sway with the breeze.

As you progress from the public plaza, you enter the semi-public childcare and community center courtyards. The sinuous, guitar pick shapes in the floating bench are echoed in the sand boxes and play surfacing for the nonprofit childcare facility that sits at the heart of the project. About 70 neighborhood infants, toddlers, and preschoolers receive affordable care and a safe place to play at this new facility.

In order to carve outdoor spaces out of the challenging topography, the project required a 20’+ site retaining wall at the back of the site. Rather than being viewed as a constraint, the massive wall was an integral part of the program starting early in the design process. The retaining wall visually connects the adjacent childcare and community center courtyards, slicing through both spaces at an angle which slopes with the grade. In the childcare area, playful climbing holds were inserted into the wall to create a climbing surface, and children are encouraged to use the vertical surface for drawing with chalk. Sandboxes and a natural water play area provide additional amenities for the children to utilize. Planting in the childcare courtyard includes colorful and fragrant species such as Tibouchina and scented geraniums.

Through valuable community input, certain amenities were identified for the community center courtyard. Residents voiced a desire for an outdoor space for barbecues and parties. The design team responded by creating a flexible community center space, where the doors to the multi-purpose room open wide and tables and chairs can be moved outdoors. A custom concrete countertop was also included in the space, so residents can locate a barbecue adjacent to the countertop and serve for a crowd of people. The large stair in the space, which leads to the courtyard on Level Two, doubles as a podium and stage for speakers or small performances.

As you move to the podium courtyard, which is exclusively for residents of 901 Fairfax, the experience changes from the cool shade of sunken courtyards, to being perched within a sunny, wild hillside landscape. The landscape architects wanted users to feel they were immersed in an abundant garden when they were within this space. The planting is a mix of native species that tolerate the serpentine hillside, mixed with other drought tolerant and resilient species.
Salvaged historic San Francisco granite curbs as low walls and casual seating further links this project to its site.

The most striking feature of the design is a central oculus lightwell that brings sunlight down to the wellness center on the first floor. The courtyard and Oculus are also viewed from the residential units and pedestrian bridges above. Early in the design process, the landscape architects proposed that the architects incorporate the same guitar pick shape used in the landscape into the shape for their lightwell. The resulting guardrail design was a collaboration that celebrated this repeated form and set up a dialogue between the interior and the exterior. The sinuous shape repeats the common design thread that ties together the series of wooden benches milled from local cedar trees and raised concrete planters. Depending on the time of day, you will find kids riding their bikes around the Oculus and raised planter, or a resident enjoying a quiet moment on the hillside curbstones seats. Says one relocated resident, who shares a three-bedroom apartment with her husband and three grandchildren, “We are just across the street, but it’s totally different. It’s so relaxing, so peaceful. It’s not so stressful.”

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