Grønningen-Bispeparken by SLA

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哥本哈根最新、最激进的气候公园——格伦宁根-比斯帕肯公园（Grønningen-Bispeparken），将一片荒芜的草地转变为一个连贯的20,000平方米郁郁葱葱、充满趣味、生物多样且遍布艺术的城市自然公园，面向所有人开放。格伦宁根-比斯帕肯公园并非一座浪漫的漫步公园，而是城市发展中的一次范式转变——在这里，形式遵循自然，建筑的首要任务是为所有生命创造空间。

▼视频，Video © SLA, Photographer: Marie Damsgaard

Copenhagen’s latest and most radical climate park, Grønningen-Bispeparken, transforms a barren grass area into a cohesive 20,000 m² lush, playful, biodiverse, and art-filled urban nature park for all. Grønningen-Bispeparken is not a romantic promenade park but a transformative paradigm shift in urban development, where form follows nature and architecture’s foremost task is to create spaces for life – all life.

▼项目概览，overall of the project © SLA, Photographer: Marie Damsgaard

2020年，经过公开招标，哥本哈根市政府委托丹麦以自然为本的设计工作室SLA改造格伦宁根-比斯帕肯公园20,000平方米的室外空间——一个1950年代的社会住宅区。该项目位于哥本哈根西北区，任务是将住宅区室外空间从荒废、不安全、贫瘠的草坪转变为一个全新的气候公园，既能保护该区域免受雷暴和洪水的侵袭，同时为社区及其居民增添社会、自然和文化价值。

In 2020, following a competitive tender, the City of Copenhagen appointed Danish nature-based design studio SLA to transform the 20,000 m² outdoor areas of Grønningen-Bispeparken – a 1950s social housing estate. Located in Copenhagen’s Nordvest neighbourhood, the task was to transform the housing estate’s outdoor areas from derelict, unsafe, and barren grass lawns into a new climate park that would secure the area against thunderstorms and flooding while also adding social, natural, and cultural values to the neighbourhood and its residents.

▼改造后的公园，the park after renovation © SLA

新公园的设计承袭了由传奇丹麦景观建筑师C.Th. Sørensen（1893-1979）设计的原绿地的价值观与理想，并将其更新以适应当代城市的需求与愿景。经过彻底改造，原本的绿地已因年久失修而变得不安全，缺乏供当地儿童和居民使用的活动、功能或游乐区域。原有的草坪无法容纳或控制雨水——导致雷暴期间形成名副其实的“雨水高速公路”——同时植物种类、野生动物和生物多样性也极为匮乏。

The new park design took the values and ideals of the original green areas, designed by legendary Danish landscape architect C.Th. Sørensen (1893-1979), and updated them to encompass the needs and aspirations of a modern city. Utterly transformed today, the original green areas had fallen into unsafe disrepair with no activities, usages, or play areas for the local kids and residents. The existing grass lawn was unable to manage or contain rainwater – resulting in veritable ‘rainwater motorways’ during thunderstorms – while also being very low on plant variation, wildlife, and biodiversity.

▼改造后的公园，the park after renovation © SLA

气候生态洼地与趣味“社交洼地”相结合
Combining climate bioswales and playful “social swales”

为应对这些挑战，SLA将格伦宁根-比斯帕肯公园设计为哥本哈根迄今为止最激进的基于自然的气候适应项目。通过让公园的形态遵循自然的过程，SLA在整个坡地绿地中创建了一个由18个相互连接的生态洼地组成的系统，能够收集、容纳和渗透超过3,000立方米的雨水——这些雨水来自公园本身及相邻的庭院和街道。

▼分析图，Analysis diagram © SLA

To address these challenges, SLA designed Grønningen-Bispeparken to be Copenhagen’s most radical nature-based climate adaptation project to date. By letting the form of the park follow the processes of nature, SLA created an interconnected series of 18 bioswales throughout the sloping green areas that can collect, contain, and infiltrate more than 3,000 m³ of rainwater falling in the park and the adjacent courtyards and streets.

▼公园鸟瞰，Aerial view of the park © SLA, Photographer: Mikkel Eye

公园设有五种主要自然类型，根据其气候和社会功能进行设计：湿润的“生物绿洲”（Bio Oases），自然与野生动物享有优先通行权；小型干燥的“树干之间”（Between the Trunks）生物群落，供私密游乐与休憩；较大型干燥的“公共草坪”（Common Lawns），用于运动、农夫市集、社区晚宴和活动；小型的“城市口袋广场”（Pocket Squares），用于建筑之间的非正式停留与社交；以及“掩体山丘”（The Bunker Hills），将旧公园中的冷战地下掩体改造为灵活的社会空间——从夏季欣赏落日到冬季滑雪橇和滑雪。通过将气候挑战与社会和文化机遇相结合，这些生态洼地同时兼具“社交洼地”的功能，为公园提供了众多充满趣味、自然丰富且安全的社区聚会场所。

The park features five main nature typologies designed according to their climate and social functions: the wet Bio Oases where nature and wildlife have the right of way; the small, dry biotopes Between the Trunks for intimate play and relaxation; the larger, dry Common Lawns for sports, farmer’s markets, community dinners, and events; the small, urban Pocket Squares for informal stay and socializing between the buildings; and The Bunker Hills that transform the old park’s Cold War underground bunkers into flexible social places – from catching the evening sun in the summer to sledding and skiing in the winter. By combining climate challenges with social and cultural opportunities, the bioswales double as ‘social swales’ providing the park with a host of playful, nature-rich, and safe meeting places for community and togetherness.

▼生态洼地系统，The bioswale system © SLA, Photographer: Marie Damsgaard

▼蜿蜒的路径，The meandering path © SLA, Photographer: Marie Damsgaard

蜿蜒消隐的路径
A meandering and dissolving path

一条由砾石和黄砖（致敬邻近的标志性建筑格伦特维教堂）铺就的蜿蜒小径将公园的不同区域和类型串联在一起，旨在引导人们深入公园，近距离体验城市自然设计。路径的形态同样遵循自然，以变化的宽度和透水表面蜿蜒穿梭于公园各类型之间——有些地方甚至“消解”为纯粹的自然，路径仅通过修剪过的草地和小型灯柱隐约可辨。

A meandering path of gravel and yellow tile (a nod to the iconic neighbouring Grundtvig’s Church) knits together the park’s different areas and typologies and is designed to draw people out into the park to experience the city nature design up close. The path’s form also radically follows nature, weaving around the park typologies with varying widths and permeable surfaces – some places even ‘dissolving’ into pure nature with the path only visible through cut grasses and small lighting bollards.

▼蜿蜒的路径，The meandering path © SLA, Photographer: Mikkel Eye

▼路径消隐于自然之中，The path dissolving into nature © SLA, Photographer: Mikkel Eye

全年无休的万物绿洲
A year-round oasis for all life

格伦宁根-比斯帕肯公园被设计为当地居民全年皆宜的社区资产，新增了23个不同品种的149棵树木，以及超过400万颗特制混合种子的种植。所有新树木和植物均为本土物种，以保护和增强当地生物多样性。新种植的植物补充了公园中保存下来的历史沙棘树，形成了更加多样、更具生物多样性和韧性的种植构成。通过动态维护计划，公园将在“野生”与“有序”之间取得平衡，为人类以及植物和野生动物创造最佳的社会和生物生存条件。

Designed to be an inviting, all-year-round neighbourhood asset for the local residents, Grønningen-Bispeparken adds 149 trees of 23 different species and more than 4 million planting seeds of specially crafted seed mixtures. All new trees and plants are native species to preserve and enhance the local biodiversity. The new planting supplements the park’s preserved historic buckthorn trees, creating a more varied, biodiverse, and resilient planting composition. Through a dynamic maintenance plan, the park will be balanced between the ‘wild’ and the ‘orderly’ to create optimal social and biological living conditions for humans as well as plants and wildlife.

▼顶视图，Top view © SLA, Photographer: Kerstin Bergendal

充满趣味的艺术与公民参与
Playful art and citizens involvement

在新公园设计的同时，丹麦国家艺术委员会委托艺术家Kerstin Bergendal进行了一项为期四年的实验性艺术干预。她的项目“关于一片草地”（Concerning A Meadow）在空间规划、公民参与和公共艺术新使命之间的缝隙中展开。由此，它为城市规划者、SLA内部的社交设计团队以及当地居民提供了一个关于公园的、非计划性的和非正式知识交流的并行过程。

Alongside the design of the new park, the National Arts Council of Denmark commissioned the artist Kerstin Bergendal to a four-year experimental art intervention. Her project, ‘Concerning A Meadow’, unfolded in a glitch between spatial planning, citizens’ engagement, and a new mandate for public art. As such, it offered the city’s planners, SLA’s internal Social Design Team, and local residents a parallel process for the unplanned and informal knowledge exchange regarding the park.

▼观景台，Viewing platform © SLA, Photographer: Københavns Kommune

Kerstin Bergendal还与小型景观工作室Efterland合作，为公园增添了一系列木质艺术装置。这些艺术装置无缝融入公园的自然肌理中，为儿童和成人在木质艺术元素上提供了多样的游玩、锻炼和社交机会。

Kerstin Bergendal also added a series of wooden art structures to the park, elaborated in collaboration with the small landscape studio Efterland. The art structures are seamlessly integrated into the park’s natural fabric, giving children as well as adults varied opportunities for play, exercise, and socializing on the wooden art elements.

▼质艺术装置，Wooden art structures © SLA, Photographer: Mikkel Eye

视野与材料
View and materiality

朝向哥本哈根著名的格伦特维教堂的壮丽视野——这也是C.Th. Sørensen原公园设计中的决定性特征——在新公园设计中得以保留。新树木和公园元素的设计旨在框定教堂的视野，让它以新的方式熠熠生辉。

The spectacular views towards Copenhagen’s famous Grundtvig’s Church – which was the defining feature in C.Th. Sørensen’s original park – have been preserved in the new park design. The new trees and park elements are designed to frame the views of the church, allowing it to shine in new ways.

▼改造前后的公园对比，Before and after comparison of the park © SLA, Photographer: Marie Damsgaard /SLA

▼改造前后的公园对比，Before and after comparison of the park © SLA, Photographer: Marie Damsgaard /SLA

原有的沥青路面被拆除，替换为与公园环境相呼应的更温暖的材料：口袋广场、家具和路径采用黄砖，灵感来源于周边建筑以及格伦特维教堂。其他材料则从哥本哈根市政府的剩余材料中回收和升级再利用，以尽可能降低项目的碳足迹。

The existing asphalt paths are removed and replaced with warmer materials that correspond to the park’s surroundings: Pocket squares, furniture, and path are made of yellow tiles, inspired by the surrounding buildings as well as Grundtvig’s Church. Other materials have been recycled and upcycled from the City of Copenhagen’s surplus materials to lower the project’s carbon footprint as much as possible.

▼夜景，Night view © SLA

▼夜景细部，Night view details © SLA

雨水是一种值得庆祝的资源
Rain as a resource to be celebrated

该公园于2024年8月31日正式揭幕。仅仅五天后，一场大雷暴袭击了哥本哈根，淹没了多条主要高速公路和基础设施。但在格伦宁根-比斯帕肯公园，暴雨只让新公园变得更加美丽、感性且郁郁葱葱——而周边的房屋和基础设施则保持安全和干燥。这一切都证明，在格伦宁根-比斯帕肯公园，雨水不被视为威胁，而是一种值得庆祝的自然资源。

The park was inaugurated on August 31, 2024. Only five days later, a major thunderstorm hit Copenhagen flooding several major highways and infrastructures. But in Grønningen-Bispeparken, the heavy rain only made the new park more beautiful, sensuous, and lush – while the surrounding houses and infrastructures remained safe and dry. All proving that in Grønningen-Bispeparken, rain is not seen as a threat – but as a natural resource to be celebrated.

▼暴雨后的公园，The park after heavy rain © SLA, Photographer: Marie Damsgaard

▼本项目设计展览，Exhibition of the project  © SLA, Photographer: Kerstin Bergendal

▼市民的参与，Citizens’ participation © SLA, Photographer: Kerstin Bergendal

▼平面图，Plan © SLA

Project info
Name: Grønningen-Bispeparken
Location: Copenhagen
Area: 20,000 m2
Client: The City of Copenhagen
Architect: SLAEngineer: Niras
Art project: Kerstin Bergendal and Efterland
Contractor: Ebbe Dalsgaard A/S
Inauguration: August 31, 2024
Social mediaInstagram: @sla_architectsLinkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/sla-a-s 
Photo credits
All photos should be credited (c)SLA / *Photographers Name (see photographer in file name)
ContactSLA Communications Director Kristoffer Holm Pedersen, khp@sla, +45 6080 9394

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