Under 35 – Antonius Richard

gooood团队采访世界各地 35岁以下的年轻创意人，他们有的是创业者，有的是业主，有的是普通职员。我们探访众生百相，记录这个时代年轻人的面貌和真实状态，欢迎您的推荐和建议。
第56期为您介绍的是 RAD+ar 创始人 Antonius Richard。更多关于他们，请至：RAD+ar on gooood

gooood team interviews creative individuals under 35 years old from all over the world, some are pioneering founders, some are clients, some are ordinary practitioners. gooood is trying to record the authentic living and working states of this era. Your recommendations and suggestions are appreciated!
gooood Under 35 NO.56 introduces Antonius Richard, founder of RAD+ar
More: RAD+ar on gooood

出品人：向玲 / Producer: Xiang Ling
编辑：陈诺嘉，武晨曦，杨子遥，石安，伍培燊，史泽怡，于汶藜 / Editor:  Chen Nuojia, Wu Chenxi,Yang Ziyao, Shi An, Wu Peishen, Shi Zeyi, Yu Wenli

___
背景
Background

“我并不是在一个有着高楼大厦或丰富建筑体验的环境中长大的。我成长在它们的匮乏之中。”

“I grew up not inspired by skyscraper nor the abundance of great architectural experience, I was raised in the absence of it. ”

当我意识到建筑是资本的物理表现形式的时候，我选择了学习建筑。它是有型的政治与经济，是重大文化发展的里程碑。它从来不是为了向少数人提供空间体验。建筑有着激发大众的能力。这是我选择学习建筑的原因。

WOHA是亚洲最大也是最好的热带建筑设计公司之一。在WOHA的工作无疑让我打开了眼界。在这里，你可以按照自己的想法塑造世界，而且有些时候你的坚持将会获得回报。这种对于主观能动性的认识和感受为我——一个成长于贫穷的发展中国家的男孩——带来了很多安慰。基本上来说，WOHA给予我最多的是一种认知，即无论你的背景如何，你都可以让世界变得更好。

I choose to study architecture when I came to realize that architecture is a physical manifestation of capitalism, a kind of shaped and bend politics and economy, and a milestone of a great cultural progress. It was never about providing spatial experience for few. It holds the capability to inspire many. That’s why I chose to study architecture.

WOHA is one of the best and biggest tropical architecture company in Asia. Working in WOHA is surely an eye opener. I realized that not only you can shape the world as your will, but sometimes your persistence in doing that often get rewarded and paid off. This realization and sense of proactivity brings me a lot of comfort as a boy who grew up poor in a developing country. Basically, what WOHA gave the most to me is that we can actually change the world for the better regardless of your background.

▼在WOHA工作
working in WOHA

新加坡是一个例外。在热带区域有差不多150个国家，其中只有新加坡是发达国家。人们习惯于认为建筑仅受到气候的影响，比如你是生活在热带还是其他地方。实际上，建筑更多被经济的成熟程度左右。相比气候，经济条件对建筑的塑造和影响要大得多。
Singapore is surely an anomaly. There’re approximately 150 countries in tropics and the majority of them are developing countries. Only Singapore is a developed country. People tend to associates that architecture is solely govern by climate that whether you are living in tropics or not. Actually, it is affected more by the maturity of the economy. The situation of economy shapes and speaks more compared to the climate.

_______
RAD+ar

“研究和艺术并不是一个非此即彼的选择，我们将它们看作是可以十分和谐地运用的设计工具。”

“Research and artistic values is not a binary option that you have to choose one over another, we saw them as an instrument that is very harmonical.”

热带和亚热带国家中的建筑是未来的发展趋势。根据预测，到2050年，超过50亿，或者说世界上一半的人口会居住在热带和亚热带地区的大城市中。我意识到如果我们想要实现可持续发展，那就不可能仅仅依靠少数个人或团体的努力。我们必须通过零星的案例来激发大众。在新加坡这样的特权国家中进行建筑实践并不是实现上述目标的最佳选择。

印度尼西亚的建筑行业有很大的发展空间。土地被迅速开发，各种各样的机遇需要建筑师的参与。这种情况在新加坡这样的岛国中很难实现。我们需要做的是更加聪明地介入到投资者的视点中，在基础需求之上创造更多建筑价值。在发展中国家，资金并不充裕，而建筑和房地产又是一种形式十分具体的投资，因此人们必须加倍谨慎。除了适应热带气候，我们在印度尼西亚的建筑实践更多考量了经济方面的需求。

I’ve come to realize that architecture in tropical and subtropical countries is the future. It is predicted that in 2050, more than 5 billions or half of the world citizens would reside and occupy the mega cities that are located basically in tropical and subtropical areas. I realized that if sustainability is the goal, it could never be achieved by only a few groups or persons. It has to be done sporadically and to inspire many. Practicing architecture in one of the most privileged country like Singapore is clearly not the best place to preach this goal of inspiring the mass.

Construction industry in Indonesia has a lot room to grow. Fast open lands with many different site opportunities are calling into us. It is something that is very hard to achieve in island countries like Singapore. We just have to get to be smarter to be involved in the investment point of view to create better architecture values for the investment more than only basic needs. In developing countries, there’s not abundant money everywhere so that architecture and real estate are like very solid forms of investment and they get to be very careful. The way we practice architecture in Indonesia is more into the economical side as well as the tropical side.

▼事务所早期参与的竞赛项目
competition proposals of RAD when it was established

建筑师就像是医生和律师，是一个用时间来交换金钱和经验的职业。我在24岁开始了自己的建筑实践。可以想见，在如此年轻的年纪进行实践会遇到怎样的困难和挫折，尤其考虑到建筑师是一个决定所有资本走向和它们将成为什么的角色。我能够理解人们对于把如此重任交付于一个可能比他们的孩子还小的人时的顾虑。我们的项目中超过90%都不是因为设计不好而被拒绝的。很多时候，我们进入了评选的最终阶段，但当我们上台开始汇报时，评委们最先问到的是我们的年龄。他们不再关注设计本身。此外，我是一个信基督教的华裔，在以印尼人和穆斯林为主的国家中属于少数群体，这也使得一切的开始都很困难。尽管如此，我相信优秀的工作和想法最终会传达给优秀的人，他们相信你，并且愿意承担风险。
Architect is a profession like doctor and lawyer that literally trades time with money and experience. I started my own practice at 24 and difficulties and setbacks of practicing in such an early age are well expected, especially as an architect that dictates where all the capital has to go and will become. It was understandable if people were insecure and concerned to work with a person that probably were younger than their children for such an important subject. More than 90% of our projects are rejected not because of the design. We made most of them to the final and when we started to present, they would first ask the question of age. They don’t care about the design any more. In addition, as a Christine Chinese, I’m also a minority in a country full of Indonesian and Muslim so that everything was hard for us to start with. However, I think eventually good works and good ideas will reach good people who believe in you and are willing to take risk.

在过去的一两年中，我们做了许多设计，其中一些建成并获得了许多奖项。自那以后，我的公司规模开始扩大，人们愿意给与你更多信任，这让我们的生活变得容易了起来。随着机会变得越来越大，我们必须保持前进。从事务所的角度来看，我们要做的不仅是吸引甲方，还要吸引拥有相似理念的人才，使团队更加丰富。我们试图将公司人数控制在五位合伙人和四十个员工以内，保证每个项目都可以有最多的人参与，获得相同的投入与曝光。

We did a lot of designs and in the last one or two years, a few of them were started to be realized and won a lot of awards. That’s when the scaling of the company happened. From that point, life became easier because people are willing to put more fate in you. The chances got bigger and we had to keep moving. Regarding to the studio, it is not only about attracting clients, but also attracting the similar mindset and talents to enrich our team, in which we tried to keep under 40 people with 5 associates, to ensure every project still gets the same exposure and contribution with the most people in the studio.

▼RAD办公室，年轻的团队
office of RAD, a young team

研究、艺术和设计
Research, Art and Design

我出生在一个充满历史的国家，而我身上流淌的中国血统也带有着丰富的礼仪文化，这些因素让我不自觉地会把艺术运用到空间设计之中，因为我们就是这么被教导的。印度尼西亚有超过150种文化，每种文化都拥有自己的建筑风格。我所生长的环境中，人们更欣赏数量之外的许多东西。大多数人都认为研究和艺术价值是一个非此即彼的选择，我却将它们看作是一种可以和谐运用的设计工具。我们与欧洲生活同处一个社会，因此我们十分讲求逻辑；同时，我们也生活在丰富的历史和文化之中，这将让我们与西方不同。

As a person that was both born in a country full of history and narrative and a Chinese lineage that is also rich in culture and ritual, I can’t help to contain the artistic part in designing space because this is how we were taught. In Indonesia, we have more than 150 cultures which all have different architectural styles on their own. I lived and grew up in an environment where people appreciate a lot more than just numbers. When most people see research and artistic values as a binary option that you have to choose one over another, we saw them as an instrument that is very harmonical. We live among the society with Europe so that we are very logical people. At the same time we live in a very rich culture full of history and it will make us special from the west.

▼文化、研究与建筑设计相结合
combine culture and research with architectural design

__________
在热带设计建筑
Design architecture in Tropics

“在热带，可持续生活十分容易，但浪费更加简单。我们试图激励大众，让他们学习如何为环境做到最好。”

“It’s very easy to make sustainable living in tropics, but it is easier not to. We are trying to inspire the mass to learn their best for the environment.”

在热带，可持续生活十分容易，但浪费更加简单，因为所有东西都很便宜。作为发展中国家，比起建造更好的建筑，破坏自然是更容易的选择。总体来看，如果每个人都这么想，必将对环境造成损害。我想要告诉人们：“不要懒惰！可持续实际上很容易！”我们的实践专注于在不同原型中应用可持续性技术，为人们带来启发。看着我们的作品，他们会发现可持续并不难，只要遵循特定的步骤，在自己家里就可以尝试。它就像一件T恤。所有人都可以买得起T恤，也可以分辨哪件T恤更好。基本上，我们尝试激励大众学习并应用可持续技术，共同为保护环境而努力。

It’s very easy to make sustainable living in tropics, but it is easier not to. It’s easier to be wasteful because everything is cheap. As developing countries, it’s easier to just harm the nature than work on better architecture. Collectively, if everybody thinks in this way, it will cause environmental damages. I want to tell them: “Don’t be lazy! It’s actually easy!” Our practices are focusing into creating as many applications of said technique in various building prototypes so that people just need to look at these prototypes and be inspired, finding it’s not so hard that they can do it at home by following certain steps. It’s like a T-shirt. Everyone could afford a T-shirt and they know which one is good or better. Basically, we are trying to inspire the mass to learn their best and applicate it on their own, working together for the environment.

▼RAD+ar部分建成项目，selected projects of RAD+ar

在热带做设计有两个基本前提。首先，在热带环境中实现可持续性十分容易，甚至可能是最容易做到的事情。大多数地区只有雨季和旱季，不存在极端温差，也没有水资源缺乏的问题。我们拥有充足的光照和太阳辐射，种下的任何植物都长势喜人。在热带实现可持续性，需要考虑的是如何利用最少的能源达到舒适。第二，越来越多的人从世界各地搬到热带和亚热带地区生活。为了保证最多的人可以做出更大的改变，我们需要通过各种各样的方式激发热带地区的居民，让建筑更加可持续，减少对社会的损害。
There are two premises. First, It is very easy, maybe the easiest to achieve sustainability in the tropical belt environment. For the majority, it only consists of rainy season and dry season. There’s no extreme temperature differences or water scarcity issues. We have plenty of sunlight for natural lighting that comes along with its radiation. You plant everything and everything grows very well because of the consistency. To achieve sustainability in tropics is really coming into how could we achieve comfort using as minimal energy as possible. Second, more and more people are concentrating to live in tropics or subtropics from everywhere. Therefore, to ensure collectively most people could make bigger changes, we should inspire tropical inhabitants in various ways to make architecture more sustainable and do less harm for the society.

微热带性 – 热带地区的小型办公空间
Micro-tropicality – Small offices in Tropics

点击这里查看更多
click HERE to view more

这个项目实际上是我为许多人，包括我的业主设计的一个范例。印度尼西亚是一个发展中国家，这里80%的生意都是非正式的。印尼的办公楼大多是一个空壳，因为只有很少一部分人能付得起租金。真实情况是，很多印度尼西亚人试图在生活的街区中成立自己的小公司，但这有可能对环境造成损害。我们想要告诉这些人这样谋生没有问题，而且他们可以做到不对邻里居民造成任何负面影响。这个项目的全部议题是如何在高密度环境中创造一间小型办公室，实现更少甚至负碳排放。

This case is actually an example that I tried to do it for a lot of people and my client as well. Indonesia is a developing country, meaning that in Indonesia, 80% of business is informal. The office buildings in Indonesia are empty because few people can afford it. What is happening in Indonesia is that people are trying to do small businesses in their neighborhood but it might bring harm to the environment. We want to tell them that it’s ok to make your life and you can contribute zero harm to the neighboring residences, and this is basically what this project is all about: creating a small office in a very dense environment that leads to better or negative carbon emission to the society.

▼项目外观，位于社区之中，external view of the project located in the community

由于项目是我们自己的办公室，我们将它做成了一个试验场。设计热带建筑有六点原则，如避免东西向的长边、设置大量悬挑、平面不能太深，等等，十分教条。在这个项目里，我们百分百颠覆了这些要求，违反了所有规定，以表明在建筑领域，如果你想保持创新和实验，那没有什么是必须固定不变的。恪守教条可能造成十分严重的结果，因为它们都是非黑即白的选择。而在真实世界里我们会遇到各种各样与规定不符的基地。我们试图向人们展示在黑与白之间还有灰色地带。这会帮助人们变得更有批判性。

Because this project is our office, we used it as our experimental playground. There’re six points to make tropical architecture and they are very dogmatic like avoiding elongated east and west, making a lot of overhanging, don’t make deep plans, etc. In this project, we did 100% differently, contradicting everything to demonstrate that nothing in this field of architecture is fixed, as long as we are willing to keep innovating and experimenting. There can be very dangerous consequences of these dogmatics because they are binary options. However, we live in the real word and we have a lot of lands that are against the dogmatics of the tropical buildings. We try to show people that it’s not a black or white option and there’re gray areas to work with. It helps people to be more critical.

▼设计策略，design strategy

这间办公室中，一个体量叠合在另一个体量之上，整栋建筑仅需使用5PK空调。我们特意将室内墙面涂成黑色，消除反射光。人们可以拿着照度计测量每一个角落，并会发现所有地方的照度都达到了300勒克斯，证明即便你设计了一个很深的平面，空间依然可以充满阳光。在这里，我们将从邻里取得的资源全部运用到了地块之中。我们设计了一套高效的集水系统，保证没有废水被倾倒向城市。花园生长成了一片雨林，可以帮助调节室内的温度和湿度。这是一种共生系统，切实地创造了一个更好的自然环境。我们搬到新办公室已经过了两年半的时间，一切都运转良好。

For this office, we created a volume overlapping another and the whole building just requires 5 PK of air conditioners. We intentionally painted the interior black so there’s no reflected light. People could bring their lux meter and check on every corner. They would find that everywhere is 300 lux，meaning that even if you make deep plan, the space still has plenty of sunlight. In this office, what we take from our neighbor is fully into our block. We ensure a sufficient system to harvest the water so that it is not poured into the city. The garden has grown into a jungle and it helps to regulate the humidity and the temperature. It’s a kind of symbiotic system and it actually makes a better natural environment. It has been working very well since we moved in two and a half years ago.

▼茂密的植被提供天然的荫蔽，lush vegetation providing natural shading

▼室内墙面被涂成黑色，各个角落都可以满足照度要求
the interior walls are painted in black, every corner filled with adequate natural light

项目获得了印度尼西亚协会奖，被发表在了各个媒体上，帮助我们为许多无法承担办公楼租金、想要在自己的社区开设办公室的人提供了灵感。一个小小的举动可以带来巨大的改变。他们只需要遵循特定的几点，就可以让所有人获利。
The project won the Indonesia Architectural Association Award and got published, helping us to inspire many people that they can do their own offices in their neighborhood if they could not afford office buildings. A small gesture could make a lot of changes. They just need to make sure to hint certain points so that everybody would benefit.

被动式设计实验室 – 热带地区的舒适生活
The Passive Design Lab – Comfortable living in Tropics

点击查看更多
click HERE to view more

在被动式设计实验室中，我们的目标是在早上六点到晚上六点之间实现几乎零能耗。首先，我们仔细安排空间，降低基础温度。我们试图将被动式设计运用在建筑的每个地方，包括自然采光和通风。建成的住宅在不使用空调的情况下，可以保持室温不超过28摄氏度。

In the Passive Design Lab, our goal is to use almost zero energy during day time, meaning from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. First of all, we have to carefully arrange the spaces so that the basic temperature would drop. We tried to rely on almost fully passive building approach for everything, including natural lighting and natural ventilation. As a result, the temperature in this house could keep under 28 celsius degree without using air conditioner.

▼建筑外观，external view of the building

舒适在热带城市意味着温度在28到31摄氏度之间，风速在0.5到1.5米每秒，湿度低于30%。这些要素并非独立存在，而是会相互影响，其中舒适的温度是关键。
Comfort in tropical city means that the temperature is below 28~31 celsius degree, and we need wind velocity between 0.5 – 1.5 m/s, while the humidity should below 30%. Of all these factors, though they are not independent and would help each other, thermal comfort is the key.

不得不说，我们并不是很喜欢设计住宅类的项目。与设计公共建筑不同，住宅很难为许多人带去灵感。这是我们称这个项目为被动式设计实验室，并且尽量将其设计得不像是一座住宅的原因。通过这个项目，我想告诉人们：只要他们使用该建筑中展示的被动式设计手法，一切都可以运作良好。当我们能够帮助更多人尽可能利用被动式方法达到舒适的时候，我们就可以节省更多能源，进一步接近实现可持续环境的理想。

We have to say that we are not really happy on doing houses per se because unlike doing public buildings, doing house is not going to inspire a lot of people. That’s why we call this project Passive Design Lab and we tried our best to not make it look like a house. Through this project, we want to show people that everything would work well if they check all the passive design requirements as we have shown. Once we can help more people to achieve comfort by their own as passive as possible, we can preserve much more energy and be closer to the most sustainable environment we pursue.

▼不像住宅的空间，a space is not very much like a house

▼剖透视，一些被动式设计手法，perspective section, some passive design elements

“如果资金回到了社区的大部分人手中，那这就是‘社区力量’……我不仅是在设计建筑，我还在开发生意。”

“If the money flows back to the majority of the community, it is ‘community power’… I’m not just doing architecture. I’m developing businesses.”

Pamulang生态气候社区清真寺 – 在新冠时代做建筑和社区力量
Bioclimatic community mosque of Pamulang – Building in the covid period and community power

点击这里查看更多
click HERE to view more

被动式建筑只有在邻里环境配合的情况下才能起作用。这个项目开始于新冠时期。在印度尼西亚，人们的受教育程度较低，每天要祈祷五次。我们无法阻止他们信仰宗教，只能努力确保他们在传染病流行期间的祈祷环境能够更加安全。

Passive building can only works if our neighboring environment was corporative. This project was initiated during the covid period. In Indonesia, people are less educated and they pray five times a day. We cannot stop them from doing this. What we can do is to make sure that their praying environment is safer during the pandemic.

▼建筑外观，没有典型的清真寺特征，external view of the building without typical characteristics of a mosque

项目基地十分丑陋。地块被宽阔的混凝土道路包围，极度炎热。白天的时候，混凝土街道便是一个主要的城市热源。项目的主要目标是有效利用城市的热量。我们需要尽可能降低室内的温度，因此设计了一片巨大的、1.5米厚的碗状绿色屋面。通过这种方式，我们抵消了几乎所有垂直的太阳辐射，使得室内温度大幅下降，与混凝土街道产生剧烈温差，从而形成风速超过2米/秒的交叉通风。

The site was extremely ugly. It was surrounded by a wide concrete street and was extremely hot. During day time, this concrete street was acting as a major urban heat source. The primary objection in this project was how to use the urban heat as the strength. We needed to drop the inner temperature as much as we can so that we made a massive, 1.5 meter green roof bowl on the top. By doing this, we mitigated almost 100% vertical radiation from the sun. It would help to create extreme temperature drop compared to the concrete street. Therefore, it would actually create cross ventilation above 2m/s.

▼通风分析，ventilation analysis

这座清真寺基本上和没有建筑一样，而人们并不喜欢在外界注视下祈祷。我尝试说服人们他们需要的并不是穹顶，而是私密性。因此，我们使用松散的砖块以保证空气流动，同时为使用者提供隐私。外面的行人无法看到里面的祈祷者，尽管几乎没有封闭的墙面存在。砖块的砌筑方式不同，所有立面角度各异，保证空气在水平流动的基础上还可以沿对角线流动，同时向上释放热空气。

The project was basically like no building and people would not feel good praying with visual lines from the outside. I tried to persuade them that actually they don’t need a dome. What they need was privacy. Therefore, we used looser brick blocks to ensure that wind could flow, and at the same time provide people with privacy. People from the outside cannot see people in the inside although there’s almost no walls. All the blocks were arranged differently and all the facades were in different angles to make sure that the air does not only flow horizontally, but also diagonally, and still release the hot air vertically.

▼镂空的立面为室内提供隐私，hollowed facade providing privacy for the interior

由于新冠期间许多地方采取了封城政策，我们无法买到任何产品。因此，我们只能依靠当地社会。我尝试告诉人们我们将筹资建造一座清真寺并且需要他们的帮助。封城时，印尼人不得不关停自己的生意，没钱寻找住所，面临着生命的威胁。我们试图在疫情中为他们提供一份工作。这可以带给他们额外的收入——尽管微薄——还能让他们在自己的社区中建造属于自己的清真寺。没人拒绝我们的提议，因为他们需要工作。此外，这样的施工方式对交通的需求较少，可以减少碳足迹。它对于每个人来说都是双赢的。如果你要判断什么是“社区力量”，你可以查看资金的流向。建筑是资本表现。没有钱，你无法建造任何东西。当一栋建筑建成时，如果资金流向了其他地方，那么即便社区在施工过程中出了力，参与者也仅仅是“工人”而已，并没有形成“社区力量”。反之，如果资金流回了社区大部分人的口袋中，那就是“社区力量”。我们所说的社区力量实际上指的是经济系统。如果建筑在建造中和建成后对社会做出了贡献，无论其所处的社区有没有参与建造，都是社区力量的体现。

During the covid, there was a lot of lock down and we could not purchase any products. We could only rely upon the society. I tried to educate the people that we were willing to build and finance a mosque and we need their help. When there’s a lock down, people in Indonesia would shut down their businesses, have no money to find residence and literally dying. We were trying to give them a job during covid. It would give them extra money, though not much, and it would help to build their own mosque in their neighborhood. Nobody said no to that because they needed job. In addition, it would cause less carbon footprint with less traffic. It was a win-win solution for everybody. If you are asking about “community power”, you can simply check where the money flows. Architecture is a manifestation of capital. Without money, you cannot build anything. When a building is built, if the money still flows elsewhere, although the community helped in the construction process, they were just workers. It’s not the “community power”. If the money flows back to the majority of the community, it works. The community power that we mean is actually about the economic system. If it contributes before or after the building was completed for the society, it is community power regardless who built it.

▼回馈给社区的建筑，building contributes to the community

Tanatap环形花园咖啡店 – 创造可盈利公共空间的新模型
Tanatap Ring Garden Coffee Shop – A new model to make a profitable public space

点击这里查看更多
click HERE to view more

我更愿意称这个项目为咖啡花园。它不是一栋建筑，而是一座花园。有品质的开放空间保证每个人都可以进入和使用好的空间。它是当下发展中城市里的建筑追求的最重要元素。从发展到发达，每个国家或城市都在创造公共空间。一个城市可以为其居民创造多少公共空间是评估该城市是否发达的重要指标。如果一个地区腐败横行，公共空间必将缺少设计，贫乏而丑陋，逐渐沦为城市中的不稳定因素。这点已经在许多地区反复得到论证。作为建筑师，我可以尝试激发开发商，创造更好的公共空间。

I would love to call it a coffee garden. It is hardly a building, it’s a garden. Quality open space ensures that everybody has equal access to a good space. It is the single most important thing that architecture can pursue right now for developing cities. Every major country or city is doing this from developing to developed status. How many public spaces has a city created for people is the benchmark to evaluate the city is whether developing or developed. If the corruption is serious, public spaces would be poor and ugly without concept and turn into labilities in the cities. They have been proven failed over and over time. As an architect, I can try to inspire the developer.

▼建筑外观，如同一座花园，external view of the building like a garden

Tanatap是我们自己的品牌，在今后的两年中，我们计划建造大约20家Tanatap。基本来说，我们创造了一个巨大的茶水间，并在其中设置了舒适的休息和工作空间。我们可以邀请创意伙伴，如平面设计师、景观设计师和时尚设计师等来公司小坐。一开始，我们并没有考虑要做一个商业项目。考虑到团队在新冠期间的安全，我们为所有空间设计了良好的自然通风。项目落成后，人们注意到了这个美丽又安全的空间，他们可以在这里买杯咖啡，消磨时间。一夜之间，这个项目如同病毒一般传播开来，尽管我们没有做任何广告营销。两个月后，项目便实现了收支平衡。借此，我们提供了一个范例，展示市场反馈良好的实验式娱乐可以是什么样子。咖啡店成为了一种教育的形式，我们可以用它教育开发商：好的、可持续的设计也可以是最能盈利的。我可以向他们展示这个项目，说：“你们可以获得这么高的收益吗？为何不复制我的模式？”

Tanatap is our own brand and we will create about 20 Tanataps in the next two years. Basically, we created a big pantry with nice spaces to sit in and work. We might also ask our fellow creative friends like graphic designers, landscape designers and fashion designers to come over and hang in our office. It was never mind to be a commercial project in the first place. Because it was during the covid, we designed everything in natural ventilation for the safety of our team. When this happened, people started to notice that it is a very nice and safe space for them to hang out and buy coffee. We didn’t put ads or marketing on it and it just spread in a virus sensation over night. In two mouths, it reached break-even point. By doing this, we can give an example of what fun and experiment can be like, and the market response is well. Therefore, the coffee shop became a form of education. We can educate the developer that good and sustainable design can be the most profitable one. I’m not going to say this is very sustainable or green because the developers only care about money. I can show them this project and say: “Can you make this kind of profit yourself? Why don’t you copy me?”

▼鸟瞰，与植物融合的环形建筑，aerial view, circular building integrated with plants

▼空间室内外界限模糊，blurring boundary between the interior and outdoor spaces

新冠期间，我们的事务所受到了很大的冲击，因为我们几乎没有私人住宅项目。银行停止向商业开发商贷款，建筑师也随之受到牵连。我们的团队从40人缩小到了20人，办公室里出现了很多空位。这种景象令人十分沮丧，因此我们讨论是不是可以建一家咖啡店，然后在店里办公。
During the covid, our office was hit hard because we had almost no private housing project. Banks stopped giving loans to commercial developers and architects died as well. Our team shrunk from 40 people to about 20 people and we got a lot of empty seats in the office. It was very depressing and we discussed if we could make a coffee shop so that we can work in a café.

人们的喜好一直在变，我无法控制公众领域会发生什么，但是我可以尝试做出一些不同。我们建造了一个几乎没有空调的场所，每天都有许多人蜂拥而至，花上大量金钱。这为许多开发商指引了方向，他们可以用自己的土地做类似的尝试。对于公众来说，他们有了更多可以选择的高品质公共空间。考虑到维护的费用，这些空间不一定必须是免费的。如果一门生意有了重大进展，那么所有人都会意识到这样是行得通的。当人们意识到这点，他们就可能做同样的事情，以达到商业目的，或者是向其他开发商宣传。我不仅是在设计建筑，我在开发生意。这便是可持续资本在该项目中的体现。

A progress over perfection all the time, I can’t really control what will happen in the public realm, but I can try to make some difference. We made a place with almost zero air conditioning and people pay a lot of money and flow there like crazy every single day. It actually helps to course the direction for many developers to utilize their lands by applicating similar approaches. As for the public, they would have more options of quality public space. It doesn’t necessarily free considering its maintenance payment. If there is one breakthrough business, everybody would see that it actually works. When people see this, they might do it for business purposes, or for marketing purposes for another developer. I’m not just doing architecture. I’m developing businesses. This is how sustainable capitalism embodied in this project.

▼丰富而健康的公共空间，rich and healthy public spaces

“我们在尽全力最小化教条的影响，避免只做有限的几种形式。在可能的情况下，我们会坚持调查研究每一个项目中遇到的每一个问题。”

“We try our best to minimize any dogmatic approach and avoid using only a few forms. We want to keep researching on every problem we encounter in every project as far as we can.”

材料的选择
Choice of materials

在我的设计里，我从未涉及过“实”和“虚”之类的问题。对我们来说，每个项目都需要不同的解决方案。折射住宅的项目背景是，在印度尼西亚，上层阶级多是华人，他们信奉风水。根据风水，建筑的短边一般为南北朝向，长边则朝向东西。为了避免风险，印尼的开发商选择遵循这一原则，尽管绝大多数房子的买家是印尼人。然而，这样的设计在热带大错特错。我们拥有充足的光照，如果你的房子长边朝南北建造，那你不需要设置任何额外照明。但如果你的长边朝向东西方向，那么即便在阳光最充足的日子，这栋房子也会闷热而昏暗。这事听起来很荒谬，但每天都在发生，已经有无数房子被建成了这样。在折射住宅里，我们将南北的所有墙面替换成了玻璃砖墙，保证阳光可以通过折射进入房屋中部。由于所有构件都是模块化的，项目的施工十分迅速。

I have never implicated any “solid” and “void” in my design. For us, every project required different method of approach. The context of the Refraction House is that the majority of higher class in Indonesia is Chinese and they believe in Feng Shui. According to Fengshui, the shot sides normally face north and south, and the elongate sides facing east and west. The developers in Indonesia would follow this principle because they don’t want to make any risk although most of their buyers are Indonesian. However, it is horribly wrong in tropics. We have abundant sunlight and if you build a building with elongate sides along north and south, you don’t need additional lighting at all. What happens to the building elongating east and west is that the northern and southern openings are very dark while thermal radiation coming from east and west. The result is a house with a lot of heat radiation and still dark even in the most abundant natural light day. It sounds ridiculous but it happens everyday as we have seen millions of houses built like that. What we were trying to do in the Refraction House is just trying to replace all the walls in both north and south with glass blocks to ensure the light refracted deeply into the middle of the plans of the house. The construction was very fast because everything was modular.

▼用玻璃砖替代原本的墙面（点击这里查看更多）
replace the original walls with glass brick walls (click HERE to view more)

▼阳光透过玻璃砖照射到空间深处，sun light reaching deep into the space through the glass bricks

The Hidden位于一间地下室中，建筑很久以前是一座工厂。由于它是一个地下的室内项目，我们抛弃了通风、采光等所有建筑元素。对于这个坐落在黑暗空间中的私人会所，我们主要关注的是如何使用最少的能源创造一个时髦的空间。为此，我们试图在所有家具里植入灯源，避免不必要的人工照明，同时保证环境足够明亮。通过玻璃砖，我们将钢结构隐藏在了家具里。它可以供人们坐卧、倚靠、举办聚会，还可以发光。

The Hidden is located in a basement which was a factory long time ago. Because it was an interior project hidden underground, we threw away everything architectural like lighting and ventilation. It was a private lounge in a very dark space. All we cared is how to minimize the energy and make a fancy lounge. Therefore, we tried to make sure all the furniture can be embedded by light so that the ambience was bright enough to minimize the unnecessary artificial lights. With glass blocks, we could conceal the steel structure in the furniture. It was functional for sitting, standing and partying, as well as emitting light.

▼利用玻璃砖在地下形成明亮而时髦的空间，create a bright and fancy space in the basement

而在清真寺项目里，我们需要迁就社区，让人们安全地实践宗教活动，因此自然通风成为了主要关注的问题，也是我们使用镂空砖的原因。

While in the mosque, the issue is compliance of the community to safely practice their religion, in which natural ventilation was the main concern and we used the hollowed blocks as the main approach.

▼镂空转和细部，hollowed brick and details

我们的设计会针对特殊需求进行研究，成果各不相同。我们在尽全力最小化教条的影响，避免只做有限的几种形式，因为这样会产生很多风险。可能的话，我们希望坚持调查研究每一个项目中遇到的每一个问题。

Our practices differ over the research of specific needs. We try our best to minimize any dogmatic approach and avoid using only a few forms that appears to be risk. We want to keep researching on every problem we encounter in every project as far as we can.

▼八芒星广场，从不同方面突显伊斯兰特征（点击查看更多）
Octagram Plaza, reconciling Islamic culture from various aspects (click HERE to view more)

_____________________
技术和全球化对热带建筑的影响
Influence of Technology and Globlization on tropical architecture

“我们应该愿意承担更多风险，因为有风险的地方才有技术的进步，以及资金的跟进。”

“We should be willing to take more risks because where the risk comes from, there will be advancement of technology and then the money will follow.”

技术与全球化是和资金一起到来的。尽管越来越多的人在向热带和亚热带地区移居，只要资金依然留在美国、欧洲等发达国家，先进技术就不会来到热带。我们公司有这么一个笑话：“什么时候印度尼西亚可以变得绿色可持续？当中国做到了的时候。”如果中国能把可持续产业变得低廉，那么所有人就都可以实践了。总体上，我希望发展中国家能够愿意承担更多风险。在这件事上你无法批判任何人，因为在拥挤的发展中国家里投资房地产本身就充满风险，开发商希望减少风险无可厚非。

解决问题的关键在于政府。2000年以前，新加坡的城市完全是一片地狱。你无法通过图片分辨各个区域，因为所有的楼都是一个样子。政府意识到这种情况必须有所改变，于是推出了一条规定：如果项目中建造了阳台，那么开发商可以额外获得10%的建筑面积。这样一来，开发商只要修建阳台，就可以卖更多面积给买家。阳台能够阻挡直射光，在热带十分实用。自那以后，新加坡的每栋建筑都布满了阳台。另一个例子也是在新加坡，大约六年前，WOHA创造了一栋绿化替代率200%的建筑，意味着建筑建成后会比没有建筑的时候多一倍绿化。政府受到这个项目的启发，制定了新建建筑绿化替代率要达到65%的规范。开发商经过思考，决定干脆把绿化替代率做到100%，然后以“绿色建筑”的名义推销给买家。政府奖励了他们向市场兜售可持续理念的努力，相应地，市场也会一直受到开发商的教育，变得更加可持续。稳定而有方的政府控制会成为带来积极改变的关键。建筑师作为次级要素，应该愿意承担更多风险。因为有风险的地方才有技术的进步，以及资金的跟进。

Technology and globalization will come along with the money. Even though more people are moving closer to the tropical and subtropical belt, as long as the money still stays in the developed countries such as the US and Europe, technology advancement will not want to follow. We have this joke in the office which says: “When will Indonesia be green and sustainable? When China does.” If China makes sustainability business cheap, everybody can do it. I generally hope that developing countries are willing to take more risks. With no one to blame, the nature of a very risky real estate investment in the crowd developing countries requires them to mitigate risks.

The key point is the government. Before 2000, Singapore was a whole hell. You could not differentiate downtown with figures because there were buildings all the same. The government felt it have to change and established regulations like: if you create balconies, you could get 10% extra GFA. Developer could sell to the buyers extra area by just simply creating a balcony. Balconies are very helpful in tropics because they could help to avoid direct sunlight. After that, every building in Singapore was full of balconies. Another example is about 6 years ago in Singapore, my old company WOHA created a building that was 200% green replacement, meaning the building was two times greener compared to no buildings. The government looked at it and was inspired and they made a regulation that you have to make 65% green replacement if you want to build a building. The developers thought and decided if they have to do green replacement, why not make it 100% and sell them to people saying it was a green building? Therefore, the government rewarded their effort to sell sustainability to the market and the market would keep educated by the developers that we have to be more sustainable. Steady and well direct government control could be the key of positive changes. We as the second factor, should be willing to take more risks because where the risk comes from, there will be advancement of technology and then the money will follow.

▼RAD+ar正在进行的项目，创造不一样的建筑
ongoing project of RAD+ar, making something different

建筑是一种实打实的投资，考虑到风险与回报的不对称性，一般开发商都会倾向于重复之前可行的策略，尽量少用新的技术。毕竟在发展中国家，你永远不知道新技术会不会变成一场灾难。这是一个黑暗的循环，让我们无法前进。因为贫穷，我们不愿意冒险；而不去冒险，就会继续贫穷。
Architecture is a very solid investment. As for its asymmetrical risk vs reward, normally developers tend to keep repeating what works, and minimize the technology advancement because in developing countries, you will never know whether it will be a technology advancement or a crap. It’s a dark circle that holds us back. Because we are poor, we intend to take less risk, and as we take less risk, we are poor.

对未来的预期
Expectation for the future

目前，我们的业务范围已经扩展到了东南亚地区的其他国家，如菲律宾、越南，并且十分希望能有机会向中国传达我们的想法和设计。随着中国经济和政治地位的提升，下一个十年将属于中国。许多前所未有的空间需求将在这里诞生。我曾看到一家中国公司建造了一座影子博物馆。他们创造了不同物件，以形成特定的投影。在其他地区，我从来没想过人们会有这样的需求。如果你是一个想要创造全新建筑原型的建筑师，就只能去中国。中国需要许多创造性的头脑，将其建设成一座建筑杰作之国。

Currently we have expanded our work scope to Southeast Asia such as the Philippines and Vietnam, and we are extremely interested to see if we are able to contribute our mind and projects to China, as where the next decade would be the Decade of China with its economical and political rise. It is going to born a lot of needs and spaces that were not thought to exist previously. I saw a firm in China built a museum of shadow, in which they just created different objects to project shadows. In other districts, I have never thought those things are needed. If you are a general architect looking to create a prototype of building that never existed before, it could only be in China. It requires a lot of creative minds to grow China as a land of architecture masterpiece.

▼进行中的项目，ongoing projects

随着疫情好转，我们的工作正在重新回到正轨。我们实践的重点在创造有影响力的公共空间，尤其是宗教空间、商业综合体、教育综合体等，这是一条激发大众的捷径。并非我们不愿意设计餐厅或私宅项目，只是考虑到建筑师的职业特点，一个项目需要花费几年时间才能完成，成为我们的作品集的一部分。因此，如果我们的目标是启发大众，那最好设计公共空间来吸引更多人。我们正在尝试尽可能多地参与到公共项目的建设之中。
Since the covid is getting better, we are getting back on track. We are focusing our practice to create impactful public spaces which is a shortcut to inspire many people especially in religious spaces, commercial complex, education complex and many more. Not that we don’t want to do eatery or housing. Given the nature of our business, we are trading time with portfolio and literally it will take years to complete just one project. Therefore, if the goal is to inspire the people, the project is better to be public spaces to attract more people. We are trying to participate in public projects as much as we can.

More：RAD+ar。更多关于他们：RAD+ar on gooood