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与大多数宗教场所不同，清真寺不只是穆斯林的礼拜场所，它常常被塑造成社区中心、集会场所，甚至对某些发展中国家来说，它是一个休闲场所。该项目旨在解决清真寺设计的基本问题，使其远离当下基于形式的建筑讨论，只关注宗教空间的本质。

A mosque, unlike most religious places, has purposes that was more than just a place of worship for Muslims, oftentimes, it took shape as a community center, meeting place, even for some developing country, a recreational space. Bioclimatic Community Mosque aims to address the fundamental issues of designing a mosque by distancing itself from the current architectural discussions based on form and focusing solely on the essence of religious space.

▼建筑外观，appearance © William Sutanto

该项目位于年轻人社区中心，当地环境高温高湿，十分不友善，所以要采用低维护成本自给自足的设计方式。因此，建筑师以生物气候设计为方向，利用12h内照射到清真寺的大量太阳能和其他相关环境资源，平衡室内外人体热舒适度，其中精细的交叉通风技术包括进出风变化、立面镂空花砖的应用、通过在侧面和顶部开窗产生烟囱效应。

Situated in the middle of young demographic community, Masjid Darul Ulum Pamulang were designed to be very low maintenance and self-sufficient as the extremely unfriendly environment where direct heat and high humidity were very dominant. Bioclimatic design was an obvious direction to adopt that utilizes it’s extreme lumen from solar energy as 12 hours natural lighting toward the bulks of the mosque and other related environmental resources to provide indoor and outdoor human thermal comfort, such as detailed technique for cross ventilation (inlet-outlet variation, usage of roster, side and top shaded opening for stack effects).

▼交叉通风技术，technique for cross ventilation © RAD+ar

为了降低社区清真寺的成本，提高效率，建筑师用当地社区手工制作的3万多块镂空砌块代替了普通砖墙，它们既可以提供光照和风道，也可以保护隐私。

As an effort to reduce cost for community mosque and increasing efficiency, architects decided to replace 95% of what were supposed to be brick partition and replaced it with more than 30.000 pieces of accustomed roster block ( that provides lights and wind tunnel while maintaining privacy) that were manually manufactured by the local community for the community.

▼镂空砌块分析，roster blocks diagram © RAD+ar

该项目将典型的伊斯兰穹顶换成碟状节能屋顶，以达到降温效果并减少城市热岛效应对周围环境产生的巨大影响。建筑师利用基本几何体积法，将凹陷的体块叠在另一个上，产生低温效果，使风加速穿过建筑，带来阴影，提高热压和气压差，以确保房间产生烟囱效应，达到24h通风的效果。

Design replace the iconic Islamic dome (which mostly a quintessential characteristic of mosques) with a plate of active greenroof to cool down top most plates and to reduce enormous urban heat island contributed to the surrounding environment. Basic geometric-volumetric approach as the sunken massing (to harness lower temperature) stacked on top of another, this allowed many level of wind speed variation crossing the building that provides total shade and extreme temperature and air pressure differences that ensure 24 hours cross ventilation & thermal chimney effect.

▼碟状节能屋顶，a plate of greenroof © William Sutanto

▼体块堆叠，利于形成烟囱效应，blocks stacking，help produce chimney effect © William Sutanto

▼立面采用镂空砌块，facade using roster blocks © William Sutanto

该清真寺可以容纳1000人，其设计还融合了自然和当地文化。室内像室外的阴凉处一样凉快，风速变化对解决当地频发的Covid-19空气传染病的问题相当有效。

With a capacity to accommodate approximately 1,000 people, the mosque is also designed to blend with nature and local culture. As the interior space were basically a shaded outdoor space, wind speed were varies, this was found to be quite effective to tackle the problem of large gathering indoor during airborne pandemic such Covid-19 that happened recently.

▼信徒进入祷告室前洗大净，Muslims wash before they enter the prayer room © William Sutanto

▼祷告室入口门厅，镂空砌块透光且保护隐私，entrance hall of the prayer room，roster blocks are transparency and privacy © William Sutanto

▼祷告室，prayer room © William Sutanto

▼二层祷告室，天窗利于拔风，prayer room on the second floor，skylights are good for ventilation © William Sutanto

这被视为一场在后现代语境中、依据当地习惯的需求重新定义伊斯兰空间的运动。

This were viewed as a movement to redefining Islamic spaces in postmodern context and needs based on accustomed necessity.

▼夜景，night view © William Sutanto

▼一层平面图，first floor plan © RAD+ar

▼二层平面图，second floor plan © RAD+ar

▼剖透视，perspective section © RAD+ar

▼节点构造，node construction © RAD+ar

Project Name: Bioclimatic Community Mosque of Pamulang
Architecture Firm: RAD+ar (Research Artistic Design + architecture)
Website: www.radarchitecture.net
Contact e-mail:project@radarchitecture.net ; radarchitecture.studio@gmail.com
Firm Location: Jakarta , Indonesia Completion Year: 2020
Gross Built Area: 1200 sqm
Project location: Pamulang, Tanggerang Selatan, Indonesia
Lead Architects: Antonius Richard
Lead Architects e-mail: Antoniusrichard@radarchitecture.net ;arichardrusli@gmail.com
Photo credits: William Sutanto
Photographer’s website: www.artipictures.com
Photographer’s e-mail: info@artipictures.com
Design Team: Partogi Pandiangan, Leviandri, Howard Benaya, Felda Zakri, Daniel Soesanto
Clients: Yayasan Sasmita Jaya / Dr.H. Darsono
Engineering: PT Kaliabang Jaya Pratama
Landscape: RAD+ar
Consultants: PT Kaliabang Jaya Pratama
Collaborators: Handri Winata

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