Bridging the Gaps By Shma Company Limited

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羽翼桥是一座位于曼谷Rotfai 公园与H.M. Queen Sirikit公园的连接桥，全长50米的步行桥旨在建立桥两边的物理联系，同时将公共景观营造与城市花园环境相协调。世界卫生组织提出，城市人均最小公共绿地占有率应不小于每人9平方米。而曼谷的人均公共绿地占有率仅3平方米每人，而这3平方米的绿地已经包括了城市公园绿地及道路隔离带。显然，城市缺少绿地，于此同时，巨大的城市尺度给生态多样性提供可能。

The Bird Wave Bridge, a 50 metre long pedestrian bridge crossing over small watercourse from Rotfai Park to H.M. Queen Sirikit Park at the Northern part of Bangkok aims to bridge not only the physical gaps but also the public projects’ complicated process and general perception of urban parks. The public green area in Bangkok is only about 3 m2 per person as opposed to minimum 9m2 per person as suggested by The World Health Organization (WHO) that every city should have. The 3 m2 per person figure already compiled every green area possible from large parks to planted road median. Obviously not only the city lacks green space in terms of area but also the sizeable ones where greater capacity enables broader use and increase of urban biodiversity.

▼羽翼桥外观，view of the bridge

在Chatuchak街区，坐落着三个紧邻彼此的公园。这三座公园Rotfai公园， H.M. Queen Sirikit公园（又名Queen公园）和Jatujak公园（又名JJ公园）。尽管Queen公园为H.M. Queen Sirikit Park基金会所有，这三座公园均受曼谷公共花园委员会（BMA）管制。这三座公园分别于2002年，1992年和1980年向公众开放。三座公园总面积116公顷，它们互相连接形成曼谷市区的最大公园。该公园为Chatuchak街区 Queen公园西部，即将在2019年建成的交通运输枢纽带来无限潜能。未来的城市发展使城市密度不断增大，对城市绿地的需求也不断增加。

Within Chatuchak district, 3 main public parks are situated next to each other. The Rotfai Park, The H.M. Queen Sirikit Park (widely referred to as the Queen Park) and The Jatujak Park (nick name JJ Park). All the parks are under care of Public Parks Department of Bangkok Metropolitan Authority (BMA) even though the Queen Park is owned by H.M. Queen Sirikit Park Foundation. They were opened to public in 2002, 1992 and 1980 respectively. The area of 3 parks combined is 116 Hectare which will make it the biggest public park in Bangkok. Its full potential will greatly contribute to the city as Chatuchak District is set to become Bangkok’s new rail transport hub when Bangsue Grand Station opens in 2019 on the West of the Queen Park. The future urban development will see the district with more density and more need of recreation green space.

▼羽翼桥是一座位于曼谷Rotfai 公园与H.M. Queen Sirikit公园的连接桥，全长50米的步行桥旨在建立桥两边的物理联系，同时将公共景观营造与城市花园环境相协调，the Bird Wave Bridge, a 50 metre long pedestrian bridge crossing over small watercourse from Rotfai Park to H.M. Queen Sirikit Park at the Northern part of Bangkok aims to bridge not only the physical gaps but also the public projects’ complicated process and general perception of urban parks.

BMA于2008年提出总体规划，试图将三座公园联合。由于复杂的土地归属问题，合作谈判的种种困难，以及公园整体规划设计理念，穿行道路分割公园区域和公共参与导致该规划搁置，项目无法实施。现如今，JJ公园操品经过开垦形成了多种公共活动空间，其与Mass交通枢纽和地下站台的衔接也运行顺利。这里此前是国家铁路局的高尔夫球场，而如今却因婉转迷人的自行车道而受民众欢迎。

However, BMA’s master plan to combine the 3 parks since 2008 has not been realized due to difference in land ownership resulting in the complicated inter-authority coordination, the difference in each of the parks’ concepts and programs and public concerns over the impact on existing use and cutting of trees. Users of road that cuts through these parks were also against the plan. Currently, JJ Park, with its properly mowed open lawn suitable for leisurely activities and its location next to Mass Rail Transit as well as Underground stations, is well used throughout the week while Rotfai Park, formerly a State Railways Authority of Thailand’s golf course, is most popular during weekend for its biking route through photogenic rolling mounds.

▼总体规划，master plan

Queen公园是这三座公园之中最少人拜访的，由于较差的可达性，居民需要驱私家车前往。由于JJ公园和道路的限制，使它远离公共交通枢纽，而其与Rotfai公园也因河道而分离。Queen公园与Rotfai公园紧靠公园一角一座临时的钢桥相连。与来访人数众多的其他公园不同，Queen公园有全曼谷公共公园中最多最全的植物种类，并以此吸引了大批鸟类前来驻足，也成为泰国鸟类保护区。该公园的东北部区域被用作自然鸟类保护区，该区的植被自然生长，落叶及树枝被堆放在一边为昆虫提供食物及庇护所，枯树倚靠在浅水边为乌龟，蜥蜴及鸟类提供栖息之处。尽管这里是颇受欢迎的鸟类观察地，该处的环境始终保持纯天然氛围不加修饰，甚至有些脏乱。

The Queen Park has the least numbers of visitors due to its less accessibility, mainly only by private transportation. It is separated from mass transit system by JJ Park and a road, and from Rotfai Park by the drainage moat. The only connection to Rotfai park was by a 1 temporary steel bridge from one corner of the Queen Park. In contrary to numbers of visitors, Queen Park has the most variety of plant species among all Bangkok’s public parks as its main purpose is to collect and exhibit native vegetation from throughout Thailand. Its biodiversity also attracts most variety of birds as surveyed by The Bird Conservation Society of Thailand. The park dedicated the northeastern portion next to its boundary to Rotfai Park to be ‘Bird Sanctuary’ where vegetation are allowed to naturally grow, fallen leaves and branches are stacked to provide food and shelter for insects and dead trees are left in the moat’s shallow water for the turtles, lizards and birds to perch. Although well known among bird watchers, the area was considered untidy or dirty by some.

▼Queen公园有全曼谷公共公园中最多最全的植物种类，并以此吸引了大批鸟类前来驻足，也成为泰国鸟类保护区，Queen Park has the most variety of plant species among all Bangkok’s public parks as its main purpose is to collect and exhibit native vegetation from throughout Thailand. Its biodiversity also attracts most variety of birds as surveyed

由于原计划迟迟不能推行，设计师在2014年向董事会提出将鸟类栖息处设计在Queen公园羽翼桥的最南端，以作为总体规划实施前的实验项目。经过两年漫长的审批程序，该项目获得公共公园委员会及H.M. Queen Sirikit公园基金会对于园林景观60,000美金的专项资金。终于在2016年8月，羽翼桥正式向公众开放。

It is in the south end of the Bird Sanctuary that “The Bird Wave Bridge” was proposed by the landscape architect to the director board of the Queen Park in 2014 as the ‘trial’ connection to enable real use if the 3 parks are to be joined without having to wait for the realization of the whole masterplan. After 2 years of approval process, the 60,000 USD budget for the bridge was granted by Public Parks Department and the softscape budget was funded by H.M. Queen Sirikit Park Foundation. The bridge was opened to public in August 2016.

▼羽翼桥外观，view of the bridge

该桥跨越小河，位于Queen公园中轴线北部尾端。它弯曲着穿越茂密树林，最终降落到2米以下的 Rotfai 公园平面。羽翼桥的立面波动极其缓和以适应院内不同的高度差。其中部切面横卧在河堤之上，在繁茂的树冠之下，弯曲围合出一处庇护之所。而此处的半实心的木质扶手栏杆围合出一个隐蔽的区域，成为鸟类的活动区域。“羽翼”的名字源自于它自身的形态，也来源于它所处的地点。这个名字充分反映了它作为鸟类栖息地的功能及重要性，也展现了生物多样性与城市环境和谐共存的多种可能。

The bridge’s location is at the North end of central axis from the Queen Park and crossing over small watercourses, curving away from existing mature trees and landing in Rotfai Park at 2 m. lower elevation. The wave elevation of the bridge was employed to mitigate this level difference as well as paying homage to the traditional curved bridges in the Queen Park. The middle section of the bridge where it landed on a dike is curved out towards the Bird Sanctuary to create a room with tree crowns as roof, the semi-solid timber railing was raised around this room to form a blind with the integration of horizontal opening and wooden counter for birding activity. The name ‘Bird Wave’ tributes to its appearance as well as the surroundings in which it is situated, giving importance to the uses and function of the Bird Sanctuary and gently introducing the different kind of public green space where biodiversity can coexist with urban environment.

▼尽管该桥的目的是连接两座公园并吸引更多来访者，但只有时间才能检验这种连接公共空间的形式是否是一次成功的尝试， the bridge is achieving its purpose to connect 2 parks and attract more users, but only time will tell whether or not its humble goals to bring to public’s attention the other possible forms of public parks

▼羽翼状外观，acting like a bird wave

羽翼桥主要采用三种材料：钢筋混凝土作为基础和支柱，黑钢用作桥面结构，风化的木材用作地板和扶手。由于周围景观会受到建造活动的影响，因此设计施工过程需要与泰国鸟类保护委员会进行紧密合作和协商，以保证园中动物可以有适宜的栖身之所，沿河堤岸的倾斜坡度能提供庇护和摄食，种植植物的多样性既保护了土壤又吸引昆虫。至此，项目离最终完成仅需要适当的装饰性指示牌。尽管该桥的目的是连接两座公园并吸引更多来访者，但只有时间才能检验这种连接公共空间的形式是否是一次成功的尝试，以及未来是否可以借鉴这种直接的解决方式。

The bridge is primarily constructed with 3 materials; reinforced concrete for the footing and column, black painted steel for above ground structure and weathered timber for flooring and railing. The surrounding landscape which was affected by construction was redesigned in consultation with The Bird Conservation Society of Thailand to increase suitable living condition for small animals, banks were gently sloped into the water to provide feeding and refuging environment and various flowering shrubs and trees were planted to protect slope and attract insects. The next step to fully complete the project is fund raising to provide interpretive signage. Even though the bridge is achieving its purpose to connect 2 parks and attract more users, but only time will tell whether or not its humble goals to bring to public’s attention the other possible forms of public parks and to convey the idea of direct solution approach to the complicated public projects can be reached.

▼细节，detail

Name of Project: Bridging the Gaps
Landscape Architect: Shma Company Limited
Project Team :
Design Director – Namchai Saensupha
Landscape Architect – Shma Company Limited
Horticulturist –
Client & Developer: H.M. Queen Sirikit Park Foundation (Public Parks Department)
Architect: Crown Property Bureau
M&E: Crown Property Bureau
C&S Engineering: Crown Property Bureau
Project Type: Park
Site Area: 7,354 sq.m.
Completion Year: 2016
Location: Between Queen Sirikit Park and Rot fai Park,Bangkok Thailand
Photograph Credit: Mr. Wison Tungthunya
Location: Between Queen Sirikit Park and Rot fai Park,Bangkok Thailand
Project Area :7,354 sq.m
Completed Year : 2016

English text: Shma Company Limited
Chinese text: gooood editor Lu Lu

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