2024 ASLA ANALYSIS AND PLANNING AWARD OF EXCELLENCE: A Green Ring for the ancient city of Pompeii by Studio Bellesi Giuntoli

“本项目展示一种通过景观设计保护和规范遗产地的敏感且富有趣味性的方法。”
– 2024年评审委员会

“A sensitive and interesting approach on how to protect and regulate a heritage site through landscape design.”
– 2024 Awards Jury

来自 ASLA 对gooood的分享
A Green Ring for the ancient city of Pompeii｜Studio Bellesi Giuntoli

项目陈述
PROJECT STATEMENT

本项目围绕古庞贝城墙规划了一条4公里长的“绿色环带”，作为缓冲公园，在这里，墓地、城郊罗马别墅与农业和森林共存。该公园将在突出遗址历史特色的同时，提升参观体验质量，为每年400万游客及当地居民打造包容性的步道和休憩空间。该环带及其新增的功能区将成为连接考古遗址与周边区域的主要纽带。新设的观景点将串联起古城与维苏威火山及那不勒斯湾的景观，而周边生态系统的生态走廊也将被纳入这一全新的绿色基础设施。

A green ring of 4 km, surrounding the walls of ancient Pompeii, is planned as a buffer park where necropolises and extra urban Roman villas coexist with agriculture and forests. The park will highlight the site’s historical character while enhancing the quality of the visit, creating inclusive pathways and resting places for the 4 M tourist who visit yearly and for the residents. The Ring, with its new functional areas, will become the main spine of the connection network between the archaeological site and the territory. New view points will connect the ancient city with the landscape of Vesuvius and of the Gulf of Naples while the ecological corridors of the surrounding ecosystems will be integrated in the new green infrastructure.

▲围绕古庞贝并连接其周边地区的新公园：绿色环带是一个新的缓冲公园，旨在提升这个超越时空的独特地方的社会、环境和文化价值，The new park that surrounds the ancient Pompeii and connect its territory: The Green Ring is a new buffer park for enhancing the social, environmental and cultural values of a unique place out of time © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design, Google Earth

项目说明
PROJECT NARRATIVE

自1997年被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产以来，庞贝考古遗址因公元79年维苏威火山的喷发而广为人知。这场灾难使富庶的罗马城市庞贝连同斯塔比亚、奥普隆蒂斯和赫库兰尼姆一起被熔岩和火山灰掩埋。然而，正因如此，庞贝在近两千年后几乎完整地被发现，成为研究当时文化与日常生活习惯的无价历史证据。

庞贝的发掘始于18世纪中叶，但直到一个世纪后，考古发掘监察员朱塞佩·菲奥雷利（Giuseppe Fiorelli）才明确指出，这座被掩埋的城市不仅由街道和住宅（Domus）构成，还包含丰富的花园。过去众多科学家进行的大规模考古植物学研究，以及对众多住宅中植物主题壁画的植物学解读，为本项目提供了极具价值的文献资料。1979年，美国考古学家威尔海明娜·费姆斯特·贾希姆斯基（Wilhelmina Feemster Jashemski）出版了《庞贝的花园》（The Gardens of Pompeii），为庞贝古代植物的历史研究做出了重大贡献。此外，20世纪80年代生物学家、意大利文化遗产部（Ministry for Cultural Heritage）官员安娜玛丽亚·恰拉洛（Annamaria Ciarallo）撰写了《庞贝植物志》（Flora Pompeiana），列出了古罗马时期存在的200多种植物，并在20世纪90年代末设计了一条围绕庞贝城墙的步行路线，具有极高的景观价值，然而这一路径后来逐渐被遗忘。

项目场地位于那不勒斯省庞贝市，周围基础设施密集，包括那不勒斯-庞贝-萨莱诺高速公路、那不勒斯-萨莱诺铁路及两条环维苏威铁路（Circumvesuviana）线路。场地位于萨尔诺河（Sarno）平原内，处于维苏威海岸的区域体系中，拥有极高历史、景观及环境价值。维苏威山-索玛山（Somma-Vesuvius）地质系统位于维苏威国家公园（Vesuvius National Park）内，主要由现今的维苏威火山及索玛山（Monte Somma）组成，后者是古代火山喷发后的遗迹。

“绿色环带”项目由意大利文化部（MIC）和庞贝考古公园共同发起，并由文化部通过“下一代欧盟”（Next Generation EU）计划下的国家复苏与韧性计划（National Plan for Recovery and Resilience）共同融资。

这一全新的缓冲公园将整合恰拉洛所设计的步行路径，鼓励庞贝居民积极感受这一独特之地的静谧与美丽，漫步或休憩于全新的绿色公园之中。同时，该环带还能重新分配庞贝巨大的游客流量，减少对遗址的压力，从而更好地保护考古遗迹。公园将形成两条相互连接的路径：一条位于城墙内部，另一条位于城墙外部，并向居民免费开放。项目将复用标志性植物（如地中海松Pinus pinea）和材料（如凝灰岩tuff），以展现历史景观的不同层次，如同一幅历史“重写的手稿”（palimpsest）。同时，将重新引入古代景观中的重要植物（如地中海柏Cupressus sempervirens）作为地标。

该公园将连接现有及新建绿地，打造新的公共空间，如游乐场和休憩区，并穿越城墙外的墓地。公园不仅将提供考古遗迹、维苏威火山、那不勒斯湾、乡村及野生区域的壮丽景观，还将成为庞贝考古遗址与周边地区的绿色纽带。

▲维苏威地区及其聚落的鸟瞰图：庞贝考古遗址位于大海与火山之间，是交通网络与绿色基础设施的核心枢纽，Aerial view of the Vesuvius territory and of its settlements: The archaeological site of Pompeii is located between the sea and the volcano and is the focal point of the transport network and green infrastructure © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design, Google Earth

▲考古公园与其周边环境的景观连接：该公园作为庞贝古城周围的绿色缓冲区，将促进其与维苏威地区景观的融合，Landscape connection between the archaeological park and its territory: The park is a green buffer around ancient Pompeii that will facilitate the connection between itself and the landscape of the Vesuvius territory. © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design, CC-BY-SA-2.5,2.0,1.0 Idéfix

▲基础设施、城市聚落与历史遗址概览：庞贝作为该高密度城市化地区的重要文化景点，本项目旨在满足游客与居民对绿色空间的需求。Overview of the infrastructures, urban settlement and historical sites: As Pompeii is a renowned cultural attraction of this densely urbanized area, the project addressed the need for green, for visitors and residents. © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Deed Carole Raddato

▲访客流量与满意度分析：对庞贝地区及游览线路的可达性与宜居性进行分析，以解决主要问题，Analysis of flows and satisfaction of visitors: The flows and satisfaction for accessibility and liveability of the area and routes of Pompeii were analyzed in order to address their major issues © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Andreas Hillebrecht, CC BY-NC-SA Carole Raddato, CC BY-SA 2.0 Carole Raddato, CC BY 2.0 Momo, Creative Commons CC0 License Andreas Hillebrecht

▲庞贝古城简史：从火山喷发至现代的重大历史事件，重点分析城市的花园与植被，Short history of ancient Pompeii: Significant historical events of the ancient city since the eruption to the modern day with a focus on analysis of the gardens and flora of the city © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design, Pompeii Sites Official Pompeii Archaeological Site

▲庞贝古城的绿色环带：本项目基于区域质量指标，致力于改善游客与居民的参观体验，A Green Ring for the ancient city of Pompeii: The project is driven by the quality indicators of the area and by the potential for the improvement of visit experience for tourists and residents. © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design

▲提高行动不便者的可达性：该项目通过扩展步道网络，改善道路通行性与水资源管理，以提升遗址的可达性，Improvement of accessibility for people with mobility impairment: The project enhances site access extending the network of pathways and addresses the major issues of roads usability and water management. © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design

▲历史路径与材料的再利用：步道采用稳固的铺装，并结合正交线性凝灰岩石块及凝灰岩路缘石，以致敬这座标志性石材的历史价值，Reusing historical traces of the pathways and their materials: Stabilised paths are completed by orthogonal linear tuff stones and included in tuff curbs stones to recall the historical value of this iconic stone. © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design

▲庞贝景观与周边环境的融合：绿色缓冲区创造了通往考古发掘区及其城墙、塔楼等元素的全新观景点，同时展现周围景观，Integration of the landscape of Pompeii with the surroundings: The green buffer creates new viewpoints towards the excavation area and its elements (walls, towers, etc.) and the surrounding landscape. © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design

▲庞贝绿色环带拓展时空视野：从环带顶部眺望，视野可回溯至古罗马时期，囊括古城天际线、乡村景观、火山及那不勒斯湾，A Green Ring around Pompeii to widen the view over time and space: From the top of the Ring the view will go back to Roman times, embracing the ancient city skyline, the rural area, the volcano and the gulf of Naples © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design

▲拓展与丰富游客与居民的活动与功能：绿色环带进一步发展庞贝的社会文化价值，为成人与儿童提供包容性的体验，Broaden and diversify functions and activities for tourists and residents: The Green Ring will develop, to a further level, the social and cultural values of an inclusive Pompeii experience for adults and children. © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design

▲空间关系与区域组织：团队规划基础设施，以优化庞贝文化、景观与自然资源的体验价值，Spatial relationships and organization of areas: The team has planned the infrastructure to address issues related to the enjoyment of cultural, landscape and natural values of the Pompeii experience © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design

▲通过新森林、草原与果园改善遗址生态系统：通过植被与绿色连接的优化，提升环境质量，提高生物多样性、微气候调节能力及生态系统韧性，Site ecosystem improvements made by new woods, prairies and orchards: Environmental quality has been enhanced acting on plants and green connections to improve biodiversity, microclimate and resilience of the ecosystem. © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design

▲生态连通性的可达景观观景点：新区域将增强植被与栖息地的生物多样性，并加强与生态廊道及周围景观的联系，An accessible landscape viewpoint over the ancient city for ecological connection: The new area will enhance biodiversity of vegetation and of habitats and the connections with ecological corridors and the surrounding landscape © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design, Google Earth

▲提升庞贝遗址体验的可达性与包容性：通过规划新服务设施、道路网络、游览区域、标识系统、信息点及配套设施，解决包容性和可达性问题，Enhancing accessibility and inclusion of the Pompeii experience: The issues for inclusion and accessibility are addressed by planning new services, network of roads, areas, sign and info point and furniture © Studio Bellesi Giuntoli Design

PROJECT NARRATIVE

The archaeological site of Pompeii, a UNESCO WHS since 1997, owes its sad reputation to the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D. that buried the wealthy Roman city with lava and ash, along with Stabiae, Oplontis and Herculaneum. This catastrophe made it possible that Pompeii, after about two thousand years, was found almost intact becoming priceless historical evidence of the culture and daily life habits of the time.

Excavation of Pompeii began in the mid 18th century, but just a century later, Giuseppe Fiorelli inspector of the excavations, clarified that the buried city was not just made up of streets and domus, but also of rich gardens. The extensive archaeo-botanical studies, as well as the botanical interpretation of the many plant-themed frescoes of the domus, done by various scientists in the past, have been inestimable documentation for our project. The American archaeologist Wilhelmina Feemster Jashemski, in 1979, contributed significantly to the historical knowledge of Pompeiis flora, with her volume “The Gardens of Pompeii”. Another fundamental figure for the knowledge of the ancient landscape was the biologist and, in the 1980s, manager of the Ministry for Cultural Heritage Annamaria Ciarallo. She wrote the Flora Pompeiana, listing over 200 plant species existing in ancient Roman time and designed, at the end of the 1990s, a pedestrian circuit outside the walls of great landscape value, which was gradually forgotten.

The project site is located in the municipality of Pompeii, in the province of Naples and is surrounded by many infrastructures: the Naples-Pompeii-Salerno highway, the Naples-Salerno railway and the two lines of the Circumvesuviana railway. The site, located in the plain of the Sarno river, within the territorial system of the Vesuvian coast, is characterized by historical, landscape and environmental singularities of great value. The “Somma-Vesuvius” mountain system is located in the “Vesuvius National Park” and is characterized by the current volcano, the Vesuvius, and the Monte Somma, the remains of the ancient volcano after the eruption.

The project for the Green Ring was promoted by the Ministry of Culture (MIC) and by the Pompeii Archaeological Park and was co-financed by MIC through the National Plan for Recovery and Resilience of the Next Generation EU program.

The new buffer park, which integrates the design of Ciarallo’s pathway, will stimulate the inhabitants of the municipality to actively experience the amazing beauty and quietness of this unique place, walking or relaxing in the new green park. The Ring will also redistribute the considerable flows of visitors mitigating the pressure on the site thus helping with the protection of the archaeological remains. There will therefore be two connected circuits, one inside and one outside the historic walls, the last freely open to residents. Iconic plants (e.g. Pinus pinea) and materials (e.g. tuff) will be reused to represent the remains of the overlapped layers of historical landscape, like a palimpsest, while other species (e.g. Cupressuss sempervirens) from the ancient landscape will be reintroduced as landmarks.

The park will connect existing and new green areas, create new public spaces as playgrounds and rest areas, and it will pass through the necropolises outside the walls. It will offer remarkable views of the archaeological remains, the Vesuvius, the bay, the rural and the “wild” areas.

Project Credits
Paolo Mighetto, Manager for Archeological Park of Pompeii
Alessandro Marradi, Engineering Consulting
Alberto Giuntoli, PhD. International ASLA, Landscape and Planning
Lorenzo Pacini, Landscape and Planning
Silvia Bellesi, Landscape and Planning
Lorenzo Casulli, Designer
Fabio Villasanta, Landscape and Planning
Martina Simeone, Landscape and Planning
Milena Meniconi, Agronomist
Giovanni Minucci, Social Consulting

More: ASLA；Studio Bellesi Giuntoli