National Holocaust Names Memorial by Studio Libeskind

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荷兰奥斯维辛委员会与荷兰国王在2021年9月19日的开幕式上，揭幕了由里伯斯金工作室（Studio Libeskind）和当地事务所Rijnboutt合作的国家大屠杀姓名纪念碑。该纪念碑首次纪念了在大屠杀中遇难的10.2万个荷兰遇难者，包含所有没有坟墓的犹太人、辛提人和罗姆人遇难者的名字。荷兰最终也拥有了一座用来缅怀逝者的有形纪念碑。

The Dutch Auschwitz Committee together with His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, opens the National Holocaust Memorial of Names (Nationaal Holocaust Namenmonument Nederland) designed by Studio Libeskind in collaboration with local partner Rijnboutt with a ceremony on September 19, 2021. The memorial will be the first to memorialize all the 102,000 names of the Dutch victims (Jews, Roma and Sinti) of the Holocaust. The memorial contains the names of all Dutch Jew, Sinti and Roma Holocaust victims that have no marked grave. The Netherlands will at last have a tangible memorial to collectively honor those lost.

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view ©Kees Hummel

荷兰奥斯维辛委员会主席Jacques Grishaver解释道：“对于逝者亲友来说，拥有一座可以纪念亲人的地方是价值非凡的。这意味着大屠杀遇难者的名字不会被忘记。此外，纪念碑还联结了过去、现在以及具有重要意义的未来。” 他又说道：“纪念不仅是为了经历过战争的人，也是为了那些没有经历过战争的人——他们的子孙后代。此外，纪念碑提高了人们对战争后果的认识，同时也鼓励人们从二战中进行反思和学习。”纪念碑位于犹太文化区的主要轴线Weesperstraat上，毗邻Hermitage博物馆，东侧是Diaconie的翠绿公园和咖啡馆，距阿姆斯特尔河仅一箭之遥，附近是犹太历史博物馆和葡萄牙犹太教堂等重要犹太文化机构。

“For the bereaved, it is of inestimable value to have a place where they can remember their loved ones. It means that the names of Holocaust victims will not be forgotten. Moreover, the memorial forms a trait d’union between past, present and – importantly – future.” “Remembrance is not only for those who lived through the war but also for those who did not experience it – the children and grandchildren and following generations. In addition, the memorial raises historical awareness of where wars can lead, while also encouraging people to reflect on and learn from World War II,” explains Jacques Grishaver, chairman of the Dutch Auschwitz Committee. Situated along the Weesperstraat, an important axis within the Jewish Cultural Quarter, the Names Memorial is adjacent to the Hermitage Museum, East of the Diaconie’s verdant Hoftuin garden and café, just a stone’s throw from the Amstel River and in close proximity to important Jewish cultural institutions such as the Jewish Historical Museum and the Portuguese Synagogue.

▼区位，location ©Kees Hummel

该纪念碑共1700平方米，包括四组体块，它们分别代表希伯来语רכזל中的四个字母，意为“纪念”。这些体块沿着主干道Weesperstraat的南北轴呈直线排列，西侧是Hoftuin展馆。

The 1,700 square meter memorial incorporates four volumes that represent the letters in the Hebrew word רכזל meaning “In Memory of”. The volumes are arranged in a rectilinear configuration on the north-south axis of the main thoroughfare Weesperstraat and the Hoftuin pavilion to the West.

▼设计手稿，sketch ©Studio Libeskind

当游客踏入纪念碑，他们将看到由两米高的砖墙连成的通道，上面附有纪念信息。在四组体块中，每组的独立砖墙上方都悬浮着镜面不锈钢结构。纪念碑量化了遇难者数量，10.2万块砖上均刻有遇难者的姓名、年龄和生日，此外还预留了1000块空白砖块，以纪念无名遇难者。

As visitors enter the memorial they will encounter passages articulated by two meter high brick walls carrying the message of Remembrance. Each of the four volumes is crafted from mirror finished stainless steel that hovers above the walls of individually stacked bricks. 102,000 bricks will each be inscribed with a the first and last name, along with their age and birthday, giving a tangible quantification to the many casualties, as well leaving 1000 blank bricks that will memorialize the unknown victims.

▼项目与周边环境，the project and surroundings ©Kees Hummel

▼外观，external view ©Kees Hummel

▼入口，entrance ©Kees Hummel

▼悬浮的镜面不锈钢结构 ©Kees Hummel
suspended mirror stainless steel structure

建筑师丹尼尔·里伯斯金说：“在大屠杀中，荷兰的犹太遇难者数量最多。国家大屠杀姓名纪念碑是第一座纪念大屠杀荷兰遇难者的纪念碑，也是阿姆斯特丹第一座此种类型的纪念碑。”他又补充道：“我与大屠杀的联系即我是大屠杀幸存者的子女，这也成了该项目十分重要的一部分。我希望这里可以成为沉思与希望的场所，并且提醒荷兰及其他国家的人们打击各种形式的仇恨。”

“The Dutch lost the largest percentage of their Jewish population in the Holocaust. The National Holocaust Memorial of Names is the first Holocaust memorial to commemorate the Dutch victims and the first of its kind in Amsterdam,” said architect Daniel Libeskind. “My personal connection as a child of Holocaust survivors has made it increasingly important to be a part of this significant project. I hope it will become a place for contemplation, hope, and an important reminder to fight hate in all its forms for the people of the Netherlands and beyond,” added Libeskind.

▼纪念碑内部：沉思与希望的场所，inside view: place for contemplation and hope ©Kees Hummel

砖——荷兰乃至整个西欧地区随处可见的材料——与钢刻字母的高度反光及几何形式相结合，体现了荷兰过去与当下的联系。砖和金属交汇处是狭窄的空隙，给人一种钢刻字母盘旋在砖墙上方的错觉，象征荷兰人历史与文化的中断。这种悬空或者说是“空气的呼吸”，将街区从荷兰犹太家庭缺失的未来中分离出来。纪念碑还设置了互动元素，来访者可以按名字在砖上放石头，类似于人们在墓前纪念逝者的方式。

The materiality of the brick—a ubiquitous material of The Netherlands and throughout the cities of Western Europe – paired with the highly reflective and geometric forms of the steel letters reference the connection between the Netherlands past and present. At the intersection of the brick and metallic forms is a narrow void that creates the illusion that the steel letters are hovering above and represents an interruption in the history and culture of the Dutch people. This suspended emptiness, or ‘Breath of Air’, detaches the neighborhood from a future in which Dutch-Jewish families went missing. The memorial will have an interactive element that will allow visitors to place stones by the names on the bricks, similar to the way one honors the dead at a grave.

▼砖与金属结合，combination of brick and metal ©Kees Hummel

▼细部：砖墙上刻有遇难者姓名，detail: names of the victims are engraved on brick walls ©Kees Hummel

在该项目中，人行路面低于街道，它们由轻质砾石组成并且穿过四组体块。开放空间和走道中还放置了简洁的石块，为人们提供了沉思和反思的休息场所。

Below street level, the floors around the walls are of a light stabilized gravel create a path through the four volumes. Simple stone blocks are placed in the open spaces and walkways to provide a resting place for contemplation and reflection.

▼内部道路，internal path ©Kees Hummel

▼参观现场，site visit ©Kees Hummel

该项目北侧是地铁，东侧是街道，来往的人任何时候都可以看到漂浮的不锈钢体块。光与反射（自我反思及来自街道和周围城市的反思）对于人们理解大屠杀中发生了什么以及失去的生命来说意义重要。

Situated next to a subway station to the north and a roadway to the east, the floating polished steel volumes will be visible to commuters during all hours. Light and Reflection (self-reflection as well as reflection from the street and the city that surrounds it) are necessary for a meaningful understanding of what happened and the lives lost in the catastrophe of the Holocaust.

▼不锈钢体块的反射效果，reflection of stainless steel volumes ©Kees Hummel

▼模型，model ©Studio Libeskind

Design Architect: Studio Libeskind (New York)
Daniel Libeskind, Design Architect
Stefan Blach, Partner-in-Charge
Johan van Lierop, Principal
Alex Tahinos, Designer
Architect of Record: Rijnboutt (NL)
General Contractor: Koninklijke Woudenberg (NL)
Project Management: Paul Rohlfs
Construction
Management: Aumento bv
Construction: IMd Raadgevend Ingenieurs
Brick Manufacturer Rodruza
Masonry: Metselwerk Adviesbureau Vekemans
Stainless Steel: AIP partners BV, ABT
Engravings: Reijnders Engraving and Laser Engineering B.V.
Installations: Swart installatietechniek
Photography: Kees Hummel

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