Baiziwan Social Housing by MAD

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《百湾百态》 插画艺术家：RUIS锐兮 

由马岩松带领的MAD建筑事务所发布首个社会保障性住房——百子湾公租房（燕保·百湾家园）。项目位于北京市东四环外广渠路，紧邻地铁7号线化工站，遥望CBD。项目占地9.39万平米，总建筑面积47.33万平方米，共有12栋住宅楼，总住户达4000户。项目于2019年建成后，屡次被媒体和网友称为“最美公租房”，目前入住率已经超过七成。

Baiziwan Social Housing (later referred to as Baiziwan) is the first affordable housing project by MAD Architects, led by Ma Yansong. Situated near the CBD (central business district) in Beijing, the project covers the area of 93,900 square meters, with a total construction area of 473,300 square meters. The scheme is comprised of 12 residential buildings collectively providing 4000 households. Since its completion, almost 3000 families have moved in. The project offers dwellings for welfare dependents and young professionals.

▼视频：Ideal living ©Blackstation

MAD建筑事务所从2014年开就始进行社会住宅研究，以“社会住宅的社会性”为议题，调研各国社会住宅的历史发展和设计。马岩松也曾在清华大学和北京建筑大学任教时，以此为课题发起讨论，鼓励年轻学生对理想居住展开想象。

The project is a culmination of Ma Yansong’s extensive research into social housing, which began in 2014. Under the thematic topic “The Sociality of Social Housing,” MAD’s research focuses on the historical development and design of social housing across different countries. The research has been further developed by Ma Yansong’s own engagements with this subject while teaching at Tsinghua University and the Beijing Architecture University.

▼百子湾公租房（燕保·百湾家园）项目鸟瞰，Aerial view ©存在建筑

同年，北京市保障房中心邀请MAD设计百子湾公租房。作为事务所的第一个社会住宅项目，MAD希望能够在具体实践中突破常规，用设计推动中国社会住宅创新，让空间和建筑服务于人，庞大的社区消融于城市和居民的生活，唤醒住宅的社会性，解决目前中国城市快速发展中关于居住的一系列具体问题。

Later, Beijing’s Public Housing Center invited Ma Yansong to design the Baiziwan Social Housing in 2014. MAD saw the commission as an opportunity to improve the living conditions of low-income communities and introduce a fresh perspective to the current dull residential design image in China.

▼通向城市道路的社区街道，Community street leading to city roads ©田方方

 

开放街区
Open Neighborhood

打开社区围墙，引入城市道路。12栋住宅楼分成六个组团，一个大地块被拆分成六个小街区。首层临街空间作为生活服务配套，将引入便利店、咖啡店、餐厅、幼儿园、便民诊所、书店、养老机构等一系列丰富的功能，社区生活融入城市，城市尺度更加宜人。

MAD’s strategy strives to integrate the community into the urban fabric and connect the neighborhood with city. MAD divided the plot into six blocks, anchored by an avenue cutting through the center of the site. The large site is fragmented into a much smaller human scale.

▼总平面图，Masterplan ©MAD

▼首层空间预留多功能配套设施空间，Function diagram ©MAD

▼街区转角的商店，Shop on the corner of the block ©朱雨蒙

▼社区生活融入城市，城市尺度更加宜人
Community living integrated into the city, with a more pleasant urban scale ©田方方

 

立体社区
Vertical Community

首层功能还给城市后，MAD将二层留给社区居民内部使用，形成一系列立体的屋顶绿化，一条环形跑步道将六个街区再重新环抱成一个整体，变成一个巨大的公园，串联着健身房、羽毛球场、儿童游乐场、生态农场、社区服务中心等多种面向住户的社区功能。

At street level, the scheme’s central avenue is home to a range of commercial and convenience spaces, such as shops, cafes, restaurants, kindergartens, pharmacies, bookstores, and elder care facilities. The arterial route through the center of the scheme fosters connections between the neighborhood and city. With the human-scaled site planning and diversity of spaces, the design creates a vibrant and open urban life across the new neighborhood.

▼立体社区示意图，Vertical community diagram ©MAD

▼空中健身房，The air gym ©CreatAR Images

▼红色跑步道将六个街区再重新环抱成一个整体
The red running track re-connects six blocks into one ©存在建筑

▼二层平台上的活动空间，Activity space on the elevated floor terrace ©CreatAR Images

▼二层廊桥，Connecting bridge ©存在建筑

▼下沉圆形露天剧场连接了一层灰空间和二层公园
The sunken amphitheatre connects the grey space on the ground floor to the park on the second floor ©田方方

 

漂浮花园
Floating garden

除了二层“飘浮”公园外，MAD在首层、建筑各个错层、半开放灰空间以及屋顶都留有不同尺度的景观，在城市中心较高密度的保障性住房的设计中，也保证绿化率达到47%，让在这里居住的人们能享受更舒适的生活，更加贴近自然。

While the ground level opens the site to a wider urban audience, the second level, only access to the residents, offers a communal outdoor landscape for residents. A pedestrian circuit weaves around all six blocks, forming a large above-ground park with a variety of communal functions including a gym, community gardens, badminton court, children’s playground, ecological sanctuary, and communal support services.

In addition to the main residents’ park on the second floor, MAD’s scheme incorporates staggered half-floors and semi-opened gray spaces of various scales throughout the design. Despite the rigid green coverage ratio of residential design specifications and the high density required for city center living, the scheme strives to provide green coverage on ground level, the second-level park, and rooftop, ensuring residents enjoy a holistic setting with strong connections to nature and the outdoors and achieving a green coverage of 47%. The standardized green coverage of the commercial residential compounds is 30%.

▼漂浮花园示意图，Vertical landscape diagram ©MAD

▼各个层级拥有不同尺度的景观，Each level has a different scale of landscape ©存在建筑

▼社区绿化率达到47%，让居民的生活更加贴近自然，The community has a greening rate of 47%, bringing residents closer to nature ©田方方

 

阳光权
Daylight Right

在较高容积率同时户型较小的前提下，尽可能使每个房间满足东西南各向的日照，设计采用三岔式的楼型，将走廊设置在北边，保证每家每户都有阳光照射，同时走廊也提供了保暖功能。

With the plot ratio of 3.5 and the height limit of 80 meters, the high density has caused many restrictions on general layout for each unit’s daylight calculation. Throughout the design process, MAD sought to ensure that every tenantable room across the project would get sufficient sunlight. The resulting scheme therefore adopts a Y-branch building form, with communal corridors located along the north face of each building to enhance sunlight exposure in the residential units.

▼三岔式的楼型保证每家每户都有阳光照射
The floor plan ensures that every home gets sunlight ©夏至

▼提取建筑形态设计的社区导视系统，Signage system design ©MAD

 

山形围合
Y-shape Enclosure

建筑平面呈Y字形，且顶层退台式的设计让建筑群形成高低错落的“山”形。楼与楼的连接组成一团团半围合式空间，宜人的尺度为空间带来了家的亲切感及归属感。建筑简洁的白色立面、起伏的山形屋顶丰富了城市天际线。

These Y-shaped footprints combine with gradual stepping forms and staggered heights fabricates an overall “mountain” topography across the site. The interface between buildings form semi-enclosed spaces, promoting a sense of intimacy and community across the site on a human scale. From afar, the scheme’s simple white façade and undulating mountain form creates an enriching addition to the city skyline.

▼从附近公园望向建筑，View from the adjacent park ©朱雨蒙

 

户型设计
Layout Design

百子湾公租房主要有40平方米、50平方米、60平方米三种面积的六种装配式户型、四种超低能耗户型。室内采用轻质涂装板作为分隔墙体，便于检修，也为之后装修改造提供便利。

The project’s 4000 residential units are comprised of six general typologies and three ultra-low energy consumption typologies, spanning areas of 40 square meters, 50 square meters, and 60 square meters. Light-coated board is used as the partitions between the rooms, enabling ease of maintenance and flexibility for decoration by residents.

▼两种开敞户型，Apartment layout diagram ©MAD

▼两种跃层户型，Apartment layout diagram ©MAD

 

产业化 & 环保节能
Prefabrication and Sustainability

百子湾公租房项目达到了80%以上的产业化生产，建筑结构单元、室内采用装配式装修体系，皆为工厂预制，高效环保。建筑模块都是工厂做好，再运输到项目基地安置，减少工地施工带来的污染。装配式建造可以降低造价，并提高住宅建设质量。

Considering a more environmentally friendly construction process, the clients requires that over 80% of the building components should be prefabricated off-site. This prefabricated method allows for a higher quality of housing production in a controlled, systematized way.

▼建筑结构单元、室内采用装配式装修体系
Prefabricated construction exploded diagram ©MAD

社区内有两栋示范性超低能耗建筑（又被称为“被动式住宅”）。此类住宅采暖制冷能耗低，建筑节能率达到90%以上。建筑室内温湿度适宜，具有良好的气密性和隔声效果；高效的热回收新风系统设计，同时提升室内的空气品质。

The scheme contains two ultra-low energy consumption buildings, also known as “passive housing,” with low heating and cooling loads, allowing the buildings to reduce energy consumption by 90%.

▼预制模块现场安装，Prefabricated modules on site ©MAD

▼施工现场，Construction phase ©MAD

参与百子湾公租房的设计引发MAD更深入思考中国居住问题。马岩松在《人民日报》报道中表示：“无论是一个这样的住宅社区，还是城市中的大剧院、美术馆，项目的成功最后还是要落到对人的关怀。”

中国的现代住宅区规划始于50年代的计划经济时期。受到了苏联“微型住区”的影响，尺度大且封闭的“单位大院”成为了中国城市居住的基本形式，大院的模式也延续到了今天。随着改革开放，90年代的住宅商品化浪潮推动，住宅成为了批量化生产的定制商品。

人，本应是居住的最核心。居住关乎生活尊严、社会公平。百子湾公租房提出保障房社区融入城市生活的理念，通过立体社区引入街道，同时最大化绿化空间和公共配套，并将朴素美学和人性化的社区空间作为住房精神的核心，是迈向理想居住的一种探索。

Over the past decades, China’s residential design and market have shifted dramatically. Rapid real estate development has led to the homogenization of residential design. Welfare-oriented housing development has not been considered as priority during the housing privatization period. Entering the new era that China advances its investment in social housing, for existing low-income urban dwellers and influx of migrants, MAD aspires to offer a design solution for a more humane, equal, and vibrant living environment.

Human is the aim of habitat. The notion encompasses dignity and social equity. The design concept for Baiziwan Social Housing integrates affordable housing communities with a universal ideal for dignified living. It is achieved by a simple aesthetic. Baiziwan Social Housing is an important step forwards ideal living in China.

▼傍晚在社区遛狗的居民，Residents in the community ©朱雨蒙

百子湾公租房（燕保·百湾家园）
中国北京
2014-2019

类型：社会保障性住房
总建筑面积：473,346平方米
地上建筑面积：303,351平方米
地下建筑面积：169,995平方米
主持合伙人：马岩松, 党群, 早野洋介
主持副合伙人：刘会英, 傅昌瑞
设计团队：何晓康, 郑程文, 尚立, 徐琛, 李广崇, 王德元, 郑芳, 童尚仁, Mujung Kang, 张庭辅, 张龙, 张凯, Kazushi Miyamoto, Yukan Yanagawa, 余志鹏, Tomasz Czarnecki, Davide Signorato, Natalia Giacomino, Sear Nee, 袁轶雯, Steven Chaffer Park, Dookee Chung, Hiroki Fujino, 姜雪竹, 陈璐曼, Dina Khaki, 杨雪兵

业主：北京市保障性住房建设投资中心
施工图设计：北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司
景观设计：泛亚景观设计（上海）有限公司
灯光设计：北京宁之境照明设计有限责任公司
标识设计：北京大思广告有限公司
结构顾问：悉地国际设计顾问有限公司
一标段施工单位：北京住总集团有限责任公司
二标段施工单位：北京建工集团有限责任公司
监理单位：北京英诺威建设工程管理有限公司
预制混凝土构件生产企业：北京市燕通建筑构件有限公司

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