Adapt-lization: From urban villages to future living typology

感谢 李熠冬、朱紫元、伍钰、熊英 对gooood的分享 (联系邮箱：isabelebasi@163.com)。
Appreciation towards Li Yidong, Zhu Ziyuan, Wu Yu and Xiong Ying for providing the following description (contact：isabelebasi@163.com):

城中村是中国城市化进程中不可避免的讨论议题。从小在深圳这座快速发展的城市中长大，我们耳濡目染地见证了城中村在城市多元化的生态系统中的重要性。2017年深圳香港双城双年展以“城市共生“为主题，讨论在现代城市化进程中城中村与城市相辅相成的关系，也为我们研究城中村独特的城市和建筑环境提供了平台。在此次双年展的背景下，我们作为四位分别毕业于英国巴特莱特和美国pratt建筑系的学生，以对于城中村独特的建筑环境的理解为背景，提出了对于未来城市居住模式的畅想。

Urban villages are unavoidable topic in discussions of Chinese urbanization. Grown up in Shenzhen, a city where high speed urbanization takes place, we observed the importance of urban villages in the diverse system of cities. 2017 Bi-city Biennale of Urban/Architecture was themed as “Cities, Grow in Difference”, discussing relationship between city and urban villages in the process of urbanization. In light of this UABB, as graduates from the Bartlett and Pratt school of Architecture, we proposed a speculative vision of a new living typology in cities based on understandings of urban villages in Shenzhen.

▼展览现场，the exhibition venue

城中村模式：争择 | Urban village Development Model: Adapt-lization

“一争一择，而变化之事出矣。”——赫胥黎

城中村往往因为设施不齐全、治安难以保证等社会问题通常被视为城市发展的隐患，但是城中村的存在同时也解决了一些城市快速发展所导致的问题。其在市中心为居民提供了高密度的便宜住房，解决了城市发展初期交通网络不便和廉价住房不足等问题。

Urban villages are often regarded as hidden hazards of urban development due to incomplete infrastructure and insufficient law and order. But at the same time, the existence of such had solved numerous problems in many cities due to their intractable process of urbanization. For example, first-time city residents usually receive cheap housing from the high-density living complex of the urban village, which provides the newcomers with convenient transportation and allows them with a considerable amount of savings.

▼基于对深圳城中村现状的研究，展览提出了对于未来城市居住模式的畅想，the exhibition proposed a speculative vision of a new living typology in cities based on understandings of urban villages in Shenzhen

城中村的发展状态是无意识且自发的。这种发展状态赋予了居住者以自由，这种居住者对自我生活环境的定制化，重新定义了建筑：开发商、建筑师、建造者和使用者的人格合一。同时，城中村环境的空间局限性带来了居住者们之间在任何细小公共空间内对于使用权的争夺。不断激化的多方关系创造了一个隐形的搭建的逻辑，创造了城中村中多样的建筑契机与类型。

即便这些对于建筑类型的创造通常是无意识的，城中村作为便利与隐患同时存在的城市空间，不可避免的丰富了一个统一城市空间内的建筑形态类型。可以被视为是城市发展中不可或缺的有机组成部分。因此城中村的出现是偶然且必然的、无比稀缺与珍贵的、值得我们视为城市的资产而非隐患。

Besides, the development of an urban village is usually unconscious and spontaneous. Such peculiarity of its development not only grants occupants the freedom to customize their living environment but also redefines architecture: the integration of the personalities of developers, architects, builders, as well as users. Meanwhile, the spatial limitations of urban-village living bring about the tenants’ competition in the usage of any small public space. This ever-intensifying multi-party relationship has created an invisible logic of construction and produced a variety of developmental opportunities and architectural prototypes in the urban village.

Even if the prototypes are often unconsciously created, the urban village as a public space where convenience and potential dangers coexist will eventually enrich the available architectural typologies to a unified metropolitan sphere, which explains why we consider urban villages as an organic integration of urban development. Thus, the emergence of urban villages is both accidental and necessary. It should be viewed as a remarkably scarce and valuable asset of the city, rather than as a latent threat.

▼从城中村争择模式到规则和机制，learning from living status in Urban Villages

居住实验 | Living Emulations

通过创建模拟城中村发展模式的小型实验，我们研究了争与择的发展模式和其发生所需要的规则。以大量在不同规则下进行的小实验为基础，我们总结出了创造城中村居住模式的规则和机制。

In a few emulations of Urban villages’ development status, we developed required rules and mechanism needed to re-create the Adaptable environment.

▼小规模实验例子，samples of the emulations

拟态 1: 讨论形体形态间相互影响的关系，和与大体环境的相互影响性。
拟态 2: 讨论形态在特殊边界下的互相影响和竞争关系。
拟态 3: 添加了特殊的旋转机制来研究运动与静止对建筑形态的影响。
拟态 4: 添加了空间与空间之间的限制，和所有权的界定。

Emulation 1： Disussing the inter-relationship of ownerships and intertwining form, and their relationship to the overall spacial quality.
Emulation 2：Studied the effect of special boundary in competitive modes.
Emulation 3：rotating mechanism is applied in order to study the effect of motion on architectural forms.
Emulation 4： A more precise rule is applied,discussing ownership of spaces and interference of different ownerships.

▼居住模型，living typology

▼规则，机制与体制，Typology, Rule and Mechanism

空间的需求度 | Spatial desirability

我们在前期的小规模试验中选择了其中最有代表性的一个，来进行更进一步的研究。此体块被分为14.4万个小像素，每一个像素在6轮居住者更迭中被占用的次数被计算了出来，并被总结、制作出来变为模型。不同被占有次数的像素被用不同透明度的体块表达出来，以此来研究在这个范围内，不同像素的需求度的区别。

We chose the most representative emulation from previous experiments for further study. It was divided into 144 thousand pixels and the frequency of each block being occupied in 6 rounds of inhabitancy variance was calculated. The result was made into a model, with different frequencies being show in difference of transparency. In this way, we hope to study variance of desirability in the limited area of space.

▼6轮居住占有权更迭，6 rounds of change in inhabitants

▼占有次数，inhabited frequency

▼模型照片 model pictures

新城市居住形态 | New urban living typology

如何能合理利用城中村建筑的争择模式，填补未来城市缺失的类型多样性？以城中村为起点，建筑师构架起了一个拥有独特规则的大楼框架与建筑争择平台。在这个全新的居住形态框架下，服务于规则的机制与体制将会被更加有效率的运用到细细划分的空间中以最大程度上的避免加建中的弊端。建筑师以此研究在城中村争则模式中规则的相互影响与对居民生活的根本改变。

So how can we make rational use of the ever-adapting construction model of urban villages to fill the gap in the future city development? Taking this exhibition as an experimental site, we present a series of works discussing the core issues in the future development of urban architecture. Using urban village as a starting point, our group of architects has constructed a unique architectural framework with a platform for spatial competition. In this new frame of living, the original institution of mechanisms that serves to the precepts will join into a more efficient application to the already finely-divided space, which avoids the disadvantages of additional construction in the most significant extent. In this fashion, our group of architects has examined the mutual influence of competitive precepts in the urban-village model and predicted the fundamental changes in the life of its residents.

▼新城市居住形态构想，new urban living typology

▼细部，detail

团队 | Team

李熠冬、伍钰、朱紫元与熊英，是分别来自于英国Bartlett建筑学院与美国Pratt建筑学院的本科建筑毕业生。我们认为建筑的方法来自于对类型学的研究与匹配。在这样的关系下，建筑将超越形式的束缚，直接与其需要满足的社会关系及周围环境产生对话，因而拥有了深刻的意义与无限的可能。

Li Yidong, Wu Yu, Zhu Ziyuan and Xiong Ying are recent graduates from Bartlett School of Architecture and Pratt School of Architecture. We think architectural design will directly interact with the social environment and therefore taking profound significance and infinite possibilities into its possession.

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