The Winton Gallery at the Science Museum by Zaha Hadid Architects

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2016年12月8日，由扎哈哈迪德建筑事务所设计的数学展廊在科学博物馆拉开帷幕，将带给人们无限启发。展览突出了数学应用与人们生活的关系，展示了它在一些重要事件和历史文物设计中的中心作用，以及过去四百年来数学家们是如何利用数学的想法和工具逐步创造了当今的现代社会。展廊中有一百余件展品，都是从科学博物馆世界级的科学、技术、工程和数学藏品中挑选而出，向游客展示了数学根据人们的基本生活需求不断发展，又反过来塑造了人们生活的种种事件。数学涉及生活的方方面面，从贸易旅行到战争与和平，生与死以及形与美，都和数学有着密切关联。

▼ 视频 VIDEO

On 8 December 2016 the Science Museum will open an inspirational new mathematics gallery, designed by Zaha Hadid Architects. Mathematics: The Winton Gallery brings together remarkable stories, historical artefacts and design to highlight the central role of mathematical practice in all our lives, and explores how mathematicians, their tools and ideas have helped build the modern world over the past four centuries. More than 100 treasures from the Science Museum’s world-class science, technology, engineering and mathematics collections have been selected to tell powerful stories about how mathematics has shaped, and been shaped by, some of our most fundamental human concerns – from trade and travel to war, peace, life, death, form and beauty.

▼ 科学博物馆数学展廊，mathematics gallery at the Science Museum

馆长David Rooney博士说：“这座展廊讲述了过去四百年改变了整个世界的人类努力。这是一个丰富的文化故事，而数学应用为其中的诸多方面打下了基础。我们希望通过把这些有代表性的故事集中在一起，向游客展示数学和生活的关系，让他们能够获得启发，以一个全新的视角去看待数学。”展廊正中展示了1929年为参加安全飞机设计大赛制造的Handley Page “古格努克“飞机。当时空气动力学研究获得了突破性进展，这架实验飞机据此进行了机翼设计，其出色的表现改变了民众对飞行安全的看法，保证了未来航空工业的发展。这架飞机中包含了展览的主题，它阐明了数学是如何帮助解决实际生活中的问题，并且为如今的安全客运航空铺平了道路。

Curator Dr David Rooney said, “At its heart this gallery reveals a rich cultural story of human endeavour that has helped transform the world over the last four hundred years. Mathematical practice underpins so many aspects of our lives and work, and we hope that bringing together these remarkable stories, people and exhibits will inspire visitors to think about the role of mathematics in a new light.”  Positioned at the centre of the gallery is the Handley Page ‘Gugnunc’ aeroplane, built in 1929 for a competition to construct safe aircraft. Ground-breaking aerodynamic research influenced the wing design of this experimental aeroplane, helping to shift public opinion about the safety of flying and to secure the future of the aviation industry. This aeroplane encapsulates the gallery’s overarching theme, illustrating how mathematical practice has helped solve real-world problems and in this instance paved the way for the safe passenger flights that we rely on today.

▼ 展出“古格努克“飞机，Positioned at the centre of the gallery is the Handley Page ‘Gugnunc’ aeroplane

数学同样帮助扎哈哈迪德建筑事务所设计完成了这个充满灵气的展廊空间。设计师从Handley Page飞机中汲取灵感，根据航空工程中的气流公式画出了这架历史飞机飞行时机身周围的空气流线，并以此作为平面布局的依据，展台、长椅以及中间拥有三维弯曲表面的荚型结构都是沿这些线条设置。

Mathematics also defines Zaha Hadid Architects’ enlightening design for the gallery. Inspired by the Handley Page aircraft, the design is driven by equations of airflow used in the aviation industry. The layout and lines of the gallery represent the air that would have flowed around this historic aircraft in flight, from the positioning of the showcases and benches to the three-dimensional curved surfaces of the central pod structure.

▼ 设计师从Handley Page飞机中汲取灵感，Inspired by the Handley Page aircraft

Winton展廊是世界上第一个由扎哈哈迪德建筑事务所设计的公立博物馆常规展览，也是自扎哈哈迪德2016年3月突然离世后事务所第一个在英国落成的项目。扎哈在大学的数学学习中对几何学产生了浓厚的兴趣，而无论是数学还是几何，都和建筑有着紧密的联系，这也是她在自己的项目中所一直探索的。可以说，数学经常在扎哈的设计中占有核心地位。她曾经这么说道：“我在伊拉克长大，数学是我日常生活的一部分。我们解决数学问题就如同用纸笔作画——数学就像是涂鸦。“

Mathematics: The Winton Gallery is the first permanent public museum exhibition designed by Zaha Hadid Architects anywhere in the world. The gallery is also the first of Zaha Hadid Architects’ projects to open in the UK since Dame Zaha Hadid’s sudden death in March 2016. The late Dame Zaha first became interested in geometry while studying mathematics at university. Mathematics and geometry have a strong connection with architecture and she continued to examine these relationships throughout each of her projects; with mathematics always central to her work. As Dame Zaha said, “When I was growing up in Iraq, math was an everyday part of life. We would play with math problems just as we would play with pens and paper to draw – math was like sketching.”

▼ 建筑与数学有着紧密的联系，Mathematics and geometry have a strong connection with architecture

科学博物馆集团主管Ian Blatchford说：“两年前扎哈女士和Patrik Schumacher第一次向我们展示数学展廊的设计概念时，我们就被其深深的吸引了。今年三月得知扎哈女士突然去世时，我们感到极为震惊和悲痛，但我相信这座展廊将成为对这位改变世界的建筑师永久的颂词，年复一年，成百上千万游客将在这里获得启迪。”

Ian Blatchford, Director of the Science Museum Group, said, “We were hugely impressed by the ideas and vision of the late Dame Zaha Hadid and Patrik Schumacher when they first presented their design for the new mathematics gallery over two years ago. It was a terrible shock for us all when Dame Zaha died suddenly in March this year, but I am sure that this gallery will be a lasting tribute to this world-changing architect and provide inspiration for our millions of visitors for many years to come.”

从17世纪用古老的数学技巧描绘天空的美丽伊斯兰教星盘，到二战时期抵抗住最先进数学密码破译技术的恩尼格玛密码机，每一件古老的展品背后都有不可轻视的故事与历史。图像与影片档案则将这一个个故事如实地记录下来，向当今的人们介绍着创造、使用或被这些数学设备、想法深深影响的人们的生活。展出的部分展品与数学的关系显而易见，而另一些看似根植于古典建筑和家具设计的展品，则会带给参观者意外的惊喜。展品包括了来自1884年弗朗西斯·高尔顿人体测量实验室所用的玻璃眼珠，他在实验室中测量、收集的来自英国民众的大量数据最终推动了“优生学”定义在社会与政治层面上的确立。而在展廊的另一侧，则是来自1981年的突破性模式识别机器，意图重建人类大脑神经网络的Wisard。这台早期的人工智能机器直到1995年才正式退役。而此前，从纸币识别到声纹分析，从医院胎儿生长检测到为内政部暗中监视，它在多种多样的项目中都贡献了自己的力量。

From a beautiful 17th century Islamic astrolabe that uses ancient mathematical techniques to map the night sky, to an early example of the famous Enigma machine, designed to resist even the most advanced mathematical techniques for code breaking during the Second World War, each historic object within the gallery has an important story to tell. Archive photography and film helps to capture these stories, and introduces the wide range of people who made, used or were impacted by each mathematical device or idea. Some instruments and objects within the gallery clearly reference their mathematical origin. Others may surprise visitors and appear rooted in other disciplines, from classical architecture to furniture design. Visitors will see a box of glass eyes used by Francis Galton in his 1884 Anthropometric Laboratory to help measure the physical characteristics of the British public and develop statistics to support a wider social and political movement he termed ‘eugenics’. On the other side of the gallery is the pioneering Wisard pattern-recognition machine built in 1981 to attempt to re-create the ‘neural networks’ of the brain. This early Artificial Intelligence machine worked, until 1995, on a variety of projects, from banknote recognition to voice analysis, and from foetal growth monitoring in hospitals to covert surveillance for the Home Office.

▼ 展品，exhibits

而与新展廊同时推出的，还有由Scala出版社出版，David Rooney撰写的图集书本 – 《数学是如何塑造这个世界的》。书本的内容进一步补充和扩展了展览的主题，并囊括了一系列由数学历史理论和现代应用实践领域的国际专家所提供的论文。展廊的出资人与CEO David Harding 说：“让许多人望而生畏的数学学科其实能够为社会发展做出极大的贡献。而对那些天资聪颖的人来说，数学是美学。我很高兴这个展廊能够同时展现其实用性与美丽。”

A richly illustrated book has been published by Scala to accompany the new gallery. Mathematics: How it Shaped Our World, written by David Rooney, expands on the themes and stories that are celebrated in the gallery itself and includes a series of newly commissioned essays written by world-leading experts in the history and modern practice of mathematics. David Harding, Principal Funder of the gallery and Founder and CEO of Winton said, “Mathematics, whilst difficult for many, is incredibly useful. To those with an aptitude for it, it is also beautiful. I’m delighted that this gallery will be both useful and beautiful.”

▼ 设计概念，Design Concept

▼平面图，Floor Plan

▼剖面图，Sections

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