Zhoukou Shahewan Wetland Park, China by Beijing Sunshine Landscape Co.,Ltd

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Appreciation towards Beijing Sunshine Landscape Co.,Ltd for providing the following description:

周口沙河湾湿地公园，原场地是自2010年废弃的火力发电厂灰坑，经过多年煤粉灰渣堆积形成的污染聚集地。设计通过场地污染治理及自然生境的恢复，重新建立了稳定可持续的生态网络，为动植物提供了良好生境，使沙河湾湿地公园成为周口城市生态弹性修复的重要载体。周口沙河湾湿地公园秉承生态优先的原则，融合以人为本的游览体验，打开公园与城市界面，增加互动参与景观，融入科普教育，打造集生态性、观赏性、科普性于一体的城市公共空间。它是周口市第一个、也是唯一的国家级城市湿地公园，它的成功打造，不仅对于中原地区污染治理具有重要意义，同时也将服务于一千多万的周口人民，具有重要的社会意义。

On the site of Zhoukou Shahewan Wetland Park was originally the ash pit of a thermal power plant, which has been left abandoned since 2010. Ash and cinders are piled up year after year, forming a contaminated area. Therefore, through pollution treatment and natural habitat restoration, the design team re-establishes a stable and sustainable ecological network, providing a favorable habitat for animals and plants, and making Shahewan Wetland Park an important carrier of Zhoukou’s ecological restoration programme. Designed with the principle of ecology first, the park integrates human-oriented experience, interactive landscape and science popularization education, providing an ecological, recreational and educational urban space. It is the first and only state-level urban wetland park in Zhoukou city. Its success is of great significance not only to the pollution control of Central China, but also to the society for it will serve more than 10 million Zhoukou citizens.

▼项目视频，video ©北京顺景园林股份有限公司

 

项目背景
BACKGROUND

沙河湾湿地公园位于河南省周口市川汇区，处于沙颍河流域滨河区，占地面积45公顷，原场地是废弃的火力发电厂灰坑，由于煤粉灰渣等污染物多年堆积，场地的生态环境问题亟待解决。由于河南省能源结构较为单一，基本仅靠火力发电进行供电，火力发电厂所带来的污染问题，是中原省市地区极具有代表性的问题，周口沙河湾湿地公园作为中原地区污染治理的示范性项目具有重要意义。

Covering an area of 45 hectares, Shahewan Wetland Park is located in Chuanhui District, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, along the Shaying River. On the site was originally the ash pit of an abandoned thermal power plant, where ash and cinders are piled up, resulting in serious environmental problems. As a typical province in Central China that basically relies on thermal power, Henan faces serious pollution problems caused by coal burning. Zhoukou Shahewan Wetland Park, as a demonstration project of pollution control in Central China, is of great significance.

▼项目区位，location ©北京顺景园林股份有限公司

 

场地问题与策略
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

生境污染｜Environmental Pollution

场地内堆灰坑面积占总项目面积约50%，灰坑内遗留的粉煤灰含多种矿物质、重金属、放射物等污染源，造成土壤污染，由于土壤的渗透作用，进而造成地下水污染，以此往复循环，难以得到改善，致使场地内生境污染告急。设计采用隔离封存、植物提取、工业建材回用等措施进行土壤污染改良，通过过滤净化、生物净化对水质进行恢复。

The ash pit covers about 50% of the total site area. The coal ash and slag left in the pit contain a variety of minerals, heavy metals, radioactive substances and other pollutants, which pollute the soil and the underground water as well as the surroundings. Through isolation and storage, plant extraction, building materials recycling, filtration, purification and other measures, the design team managed to improve the quality of the soil and water.

生态退化｜Ecological Degradation

场地现状植被碎片化，现有的草甸生于灰坑上，原有塘坑水位浮动较大，非常不利于健康群落的形成。仅有的原生芦苇植被品种单一，生物多样性破坏严重，生态结构失衡，难以实现生态的平衡和良性循环。通过引进适应性植物群落，提升生物多样性，吸引更多的动物栖息，完善多样稳定的生态环境。

Initially, the vegetation on the site was fragmented: the meadow grew on the ash pit and the water level of the pond changed greatly, which was unfavorable to the formation of a healthy biological community. With the only native reed, the biodiversity is seriously damaged and the ecological structure is unbalanced. By introducing adaptive plants, the design team has promoted biodiversity, attracted more animals and built a diverse and stable ecological environment.

城市活力缺失｜Lack of Vitality

项目位于周口市西部发展带边缘，区域发展缓慢，生态环境较差，城市配套设施不完善，缺乏大型公共活动空间。通过梳理城市与公园关系，最大化打开公园界面，增加景观参与性，建立公园与城市的联通，提升场地感知力与影响力，让沙河湾湿地公园成为市民可参与、可活动的城市公共空间，调动城市区域活力。

The park is located at the edge of the western development zone of Zhoukou City, which is characterized by slow development, poor ecological environment, incomplete facilities and lack of large public activity spaces. By reanalyzing the relationship between the city and the park, the design team maximized the interface of the park, increased interactive landscapes, established the connection between the park and the city, and improved the influence of the site. Shahewan Wetland Park thus becomes an urban public space for citizens to visit and have activities, which will finally bring vitality to the city.

▼湿地分析，analysis of the wetland ©北京顺景园林股份有限公司

▼植被分析，analysis of vegetation ©北京顺景园林股份有限公司

 

设计亮点｜DESIGN HIGHLIGHTS

1）低影响开发
Low Impact Development

海绵城市措施:海绵城市是园区内“低影响开发雨水系统构建”不可或缺的重要板块，在利用地形、旱溪、生态草沟等常用海绵城市措施的基础上，进行技术上的更新突破，采用自研技术进一步减少成本，提高“吸水、蓄水、渗水、净水”效率，创建更具生态弹性的湿地景观。配套设施零加建：充分利用原有工业废弃建筑物，将其改建为具有服务功能、科普功能及昭示功能的入口景观构筑物，并对园区内必要的公共配套设施采取标准化模块集采，实现配套建筑“零”加建。现场遗留废料回收利用：秉承低影响开发理念，充分再利用现场遗留废料，如透水砖、毛石、粉煤灰等景观材料；保留场地原有树木，进行现场伐移、苗木补种。

Sponge City Measures: The “low-impact-development rainwater system” is an important part of the park. The design team took advantage of the terrain, dry creek and grass gutter, and updated the technology to reduce the cost, creating a more flexible wetland landscape by improving the efficiency of “water absorption, storage, penetration and purification”. No addition of supporting facilities: The team made full use of the abandoned building, transformed it into a landscape architecture at the entrance for service, science education and display. In addition, purchase standardized modules instead of building additional supporting facilities. Reuse of waste materials: adhering to the concept of low-impact development, the team made full use of the waste materials, such as permeable bricks, rubble stones, coal ash and other landscape materials; kept and transplanted the trees in the site and replanted some.

▼更具生态弹性的湿地景观，a more flexible wetland landscape © 栾祺摄影

▼局部定时图，top view © 栾祺摄影

2）生物多样性改良
Biodiversity Improvement

保留原有场地植物群落，调研同一纬度植物结构，筛选非入侵、易存活植物种类，利用适应性植物进行“生态填空”，构建植被通廊，改善自然群落结构，加宽湿地边缘区，打造会呼吸的湿地，在年水位差之间，营造生物多样性，为鸟类觅食提供食物和多元化栖息地。

The original plant community is kept; non-invasive and adaptive plants are added to create a vegetation corridor and improve the ecological structure; the periphery is broadened and various plants provide more food and habitat for birds.

▼环形栈道，circular walkway © 栾祺摄影

▼架空的“龙桥”，the dragon bridge © 栾祺摄影

▼景观与构筑物的和谐相融，harmonious integration of landscape and structure © 栾祺摄影

3)土方工程建设最小化
Minimal Earthwork

充分利用原有的渣土坑塘进行改造，通过现场土壤检测，轻度、中度污染区域通过选育适种植物进行自然修复，对重度污染区域进行局部换土，通过小的土方工程完成土壤修复，同时将场地内多个分散、互不联通的坑塘连通，形成天然的生态过滤池。

Transform the muck pits into ponds; test the soil and select adaptive plants accordingly to remediate the mildly and moderately polluted areas; remove and replace the soil in the heavily polluted areas to minimize the earthwork; connect the separate ponds to form a natural and ecological filtering basin.

▼由湿地看“龙桥”，viewing the dragon bridge from the wetland © 栾祺摄影

▼天然的生态过滤池，natural and ecological filtering basin © 栾祺摄影

4）湿地的恢复与保护
Restoration and Protection of Wetlands

保留原有中央湖体，利用地势高差打造阶梯式花田、水田式地貌景观，将下游湿地的水通过水循环路线带到上游，再进行层级过滤，实现内部水循环系统。湿地采用多种驳岸处理方式，既兼顾生态自我循环与人的使用，同时丰富水岸线景观，利用现状地形地貌和功能布局，将景观集中设置在主功能流线上，减少人的行为活动对湿地生态的干扰，创造人与生态共存的理想之境。通过生态区域模块化提升生态管理效益，在南部设湿地保育区进行自然恢复，对北侧及东部湿地实施人工干预、人工湿地恢复，场地外围非湿地区域主要进行植被恢复，提供湿地生态屏障，保护湿地生态系统稳定性。同时与相关部门协调预留湿地公园上游与沙颍河河道引水渠之间的水系连接通道，在园区内预留增加补水接入点，保证补水水源。

The original central is reserved; terraced flower field and paddy field are created taking advantage of the altitude difference. Through the internal water circulation system, water of the downstream is brought to upstream and then is filtered. Various revetments are employed to ensure ecological self-circulation, meet people’s needs and enrich visual experience. Landscapes are arranged along the main route to reduce the impact on the wetland and realize the harmony between human and ecology. Ecological modularization improves the management: conservation area in the south, artificial intervention and wetland restoration in the north and east, and vegetation restoration in the periphery. The trees and plants form a natural barrier to protect the ecological system of the wetland. At the same time, connection between the upstream of the park and the channel of Shaying River is reserved after consulting with relevant departments. What’s more, additional water accesses are built in the park to ensure water supply.

▼远观“泛舟桥”，viewing the “Sailboats”the Bridge at distance © 栾祺摄影

▼顶视图，top view © 栾祺摄影

5）提高城市活力
Improve the Vitality of City

沿城市主干道路延展面及交叉口等城市窗口，打开视线通廊，形成开放景观空间，营造多层次的城市景观，提升场地感知力与影响力，路网系统与城市规划接轨，让公园成为市民可参与、可活动的城市公共空间。通过互动、科普、宣教等参与活动实现城市活力的再生，引导城市健康生活理念的建立。

The visual corridor is established along the urban roads and intersections, forming an open and multi-level landscape space and improving the influence of the park. The park roads connect with urban roads, making the wetland park open and accessible. Through interaction, science popularization education, propaganda and other activities, it will bring back the vitality of the city and help people to form a healthy lifestyle.

▼芦苇荡，reed marsh © 栾祺摄影

 

6）科普教育
Science Popularization Education

公园的科普以生态修复、海绵城市原理及动植物的认知和保护等内容为主题，并通过智能解说、标识系统、参与体验三方面进行科普教育，增加公园摄影、知识竞赛等主题活动，让更多的居民参与到湿地保护及公共活动中，进一步提升湿地公园影响力和吸引力。

The science popularization education of the Park is focusing on ecological restoration and sponge city as well as the cognition and protection of animals and plants. Intelligent introduction, signage system and direct experience as well as activities such as photography and quiz, will encourage more citizens to join in the protection of the wetland, which will make the park more influential and attractive.

▼总平面图，master plan ©北京顺景园林股份有限公司

项目名称：周口沙河湾湿地公园
项目类型：景观设计
设计方：北京顺景园林股份有限公司
公司网站：http://www.shunjingyuanlin.com/
联系邮箱：zycentre@qq.com
项目设计：2019年6月
完成年份：2020年9月
设计团队：曹晓宇、刘洋、张晓青、高雄、周烨、郑羽芩、张际学、石敏、王柯、张博瑞、王海涛、胡杨、杨利
项目地址：河南省周口市川汇区
建筑面积：450000㎡（项目用地）
摄影版权：栾祺摄影

Project name: Zhoukou Shahewan Wetland Park
Project type: park
Design: Beijing Sunshine Landscape Co.,Ltd
Website: http://www.shunjingyuanlin.com/
Contact e-mail: zycentre@qq.com
Design year: 2019/6
Completion Year: 2020/9
Leader designer & Team: Xiaoyu Cao 、Liu Yang、Xiaoqing Zhang、Gao Xiong、Zhou Ye、Yuqin Zheng、Jixue Zhang、Shi Min、Borui Zhang、Haitao Wang、Hu Yang、Yang Li
Project location: Chuanhui District, Zhoukou, Henan province
Gross built area: 450000㎡
Photo credit: Luan Qi

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