非常感谢 清华建筑设计院 予gooood分享以下内容。更多请至：Architectual Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University on gooood
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问题搜寻 | Identifying the Problems
进入新世纪后我国二三线城市大中型剧场建设如火如荼，但在建成后剧场运营维护方面普遍面临种种问题，对近二十个案例的调研大致可以归纳为： （一）开不起门。经营定位不准，运营成本过高，剧目供给不足，消费需求不旺。（二）用不起电。建筑能耗大，尤其是建筑玻璃幕墙能耗过大。如有连接多个剧场的整体集散大厅，任何一个剧场的演出都需要打开全部空调。（三）赚不到钱。由于体制原因，投资仅仅按剧场本体考虑缺乏配套商业设施，缺乏文化创意产业发展的空间。（四）聚不起人。一些剧场选址在城市新区，又周边缺乏社区支持。由于以上问题一些城市剧场一年演出不了几次，没有承担起城市文化客厅的功能，还成为当地政府财政的窟窿。
▼ 建筑西立面全景，West facade panorama
The construction of large and medium-sized theaters in second- and third-tier Chinese cities has been in full swing since the beginning of the new century. However, such theaters have faced various problems regarding their operation and maintenance. Our survey of nearly twenty cases has been conducted and the results can be summed up as follows:
1. Such theaters cannot sustain normal operation because of ill-chosen business orientation, excessively high operation costs, the shortage of programs, and low consumer demand.
2. They cannot afford the cost of electricity due to the heavy energy consumption by the buildings, especially the glass curtain walls. If there is a central hall leading to multiple theatres, all the air conditioners will have to be switched on for a single performance in any of those theatres.
3. They cannot make money. Due to institutional constraints, the investment only covered the theater itself, to the exclusion of commercial facilities and space for the development of cultural creativity industries.
4. They cannot attract large audiences. Some of these theaters are located in new urban districts where they lack support from neighboring communities.
Due to these problems, some of the urban theaters can stage only a couple of performances each year. Instead of functioning as the “cultural parlor” of the cities, they have become financial liabilities for the local governments.
▼ 西立面，外墙原则以石材和砖为主减少玻璃幕墙应用，West facade, The exterior is mainly built with stones and bricks, with reduced application of glass curtain walls
问题应对 | Solving the problems
针对渭南这样一个三线城市，我们和文化局在建筑策划阶段提出如下策略：（一）引入秦腔剧团，推行场团合一和保留剧目制。突出地域性原创IP（非物质文化遗产馆），同时兼顾连锁院线演出需要。（二）不设整体集散大厅，外墙原则以石材和砖为主减少玻璃幕墙应用。（三）配套约1万平米的商业配套设施，以商养文。小剧场不设固定座椅便于商业会议/派对等租赁。（四）剧场考虑周边社区群众活动，小剧场北侧设置室外舞台，群众演出可以共用专业的舞台后台。设置中心景观水景，吸引亲子活动，退坡景观下设置供户外活动的卫生间/更衣间。
Together with the Cultural Bureau, we have devised the following strategy to be carried out during architectural programming for Weinan, a third-tier city:
1. Introduce a Shaanxi opera company, which will develop a repertoire and be incorporated into the theater. Highlight original intellectual property with regional characteristics-while meeting the need for theater chain performances.
2. Do away with a central hall leading to multiple theatres. The exterior should mainly be built with stones and bricks, with reduced application of glass curtain walls.
3. There shall be a 10,000-m2 commercial facility for support to art and culture. The small theater will have no fixed seats and can thus be easily rented for business meetings or parties.
4. Activities by the inhabitants of the neighboring communities will be taken into consideration. There will be an outdoor stage to the north of the small theater so that the professional backstage can be shared with amateur performers. There will be central waterscape that is attractive to parents and children. There will also be washrooms/locker rooms for outdoor activities beneath the sloping landscape.
▼ 电影院西立面，West facade of the cinema
▼ 临水面视角，View from the water feature
艺术聚落 | Art cluster
在不设整体集散大厅的思路下，项目以三幢建筑构成聚落。设计研究建筑的在地性问题，以非对称布局方式，弱化所在行政中心区主轴线的呆板，活跃建筑的群体感。三幢建筑各成方向，相互对话，共同营造文化的场所感。秦腔高亢激昂、激烈碰撞，借此文化特性，建筑以长方盒子为基础进行变形，形体之间相互碰撞，相互耦合。
In the absence of a central hall leading to multiple rooms, the project will be in the form of an art cluster composed of three buildings. Highlighting local features, the asymmetrical layout serves to mitigate the rigidity of the main axis of the central administrative area and enhance the sense of a building cluster. Shaanxi opera features a sonorous tune and intense passion. Based on such cultural attribute, the buildings are different deformations of stylistic box, contrasting with each other yet remaining consistency. The three buildings face different directions and converse with each other, as it were, producing a sense of place.
▼ 电影院玻璃幕墙细部，Glass curtain wall details of the cinema
▼ 电影院与培训中心细部，Cinema and the Training Center
▼ 影院南侧通道，Ally south to the Cinema
▼ 南立面，建筑以长方盒子为基础进行变形，South Facade, the buildings are different deformations of stylistic box
关中味道 | Guanzhong characteristics
三座建筑的外墙材料分别采用关中传统的青砖、石材，以及玻璃幕墙。青砖墙面做凸凹肌理变化，玻璃幕墙采用开缝构造（形成灰空间避免能耗），强调两种不同时代材料的质感对比。青砖立面上有2cm，6cm和10cm三种凸出尺寸，以砖的光影变化为建筑增添生气。型钢的斜线手法实际是与文化行政中心区的大绿地肌理有所呼应，由墙面延伸下来和地面融合，与绿地景观形成一种同质关系。南立面窗檐部分进行多重的叠涩处理，延续关中传统建筑的特质。建筑的场地规整，通过不规则的地景和水池设计，以及丰富的建筑形体关系和表皮肌理，活化并激发出独特的场所氛围。
The materials for the exteriors of the three buildings are traditional local gray bricks, stones, and glass curtain walls respectively. A textural contrast is highlighted between the brick walls, which are built into an undulating texture, and the glass curtain walls, which have gaps between the plates that can form gray space for reducing energy consumption. The vertical surfaces of the gray bricks have 2-cm, 6-cm and 10-cm projections, whose chiaroscuro can enliven the whole building. The oblique lines of the section steel are actually designed to echo with the texture of the large green space in the cultural and administrative center area; they extend from the walls to blend with the ground, forming a homogeneous relationship with the landscape. The window hoods on the southern wall are shaped into multiple corbel steps in an ode to the traditional architecture of Guanzhong. On the neatly-shaped site, a special ambience is created by the irregular design of the landscape and the pool as well as the diversity of architectural forms and surface textures.
▼ 西侧广场视角，型钢的斜线手法呼应绿地肌，View form the west square，The oblique lines of the section steel echo with the texture of large green space
▼ 西侧青砖墙细部，砖的光影变化为建筑增添生气，Details of the traditional local gray brick wall，the chiaroscuro of the vertical surfaces of the gray brick enliven the whole building
▼ 南立面细部，Details of the South Facade
▼ 大剧场门厅，Lobby of the Theater
▼ 非物质文化遗产室内，Interior space with regional characteristics
▼ 大剧场室内，The Theater
▼ 总平面图，Master Plan
▼ 大剧场一层平面，Ground Floor of the Theater
▼ 大剧场二层平面，Second Floor of the Theater / 大剧场三层平面，Third Floor of the Theater
▼ 大剧场立面，Elevation of the Theater
▼ 电影院立面，Elevation of the Cinema
▼ 剖面，Section
项目地点：陕西省渭南市
建设单位：渭南市文化局
项目负责人：庄惟敏
设计团队：庄惟敏、张维、高国成、梁思思、康立桥、潘安平、刘忆川、罗新宇、米忠、高桂生、徐华、李淑琴、孟秀婷等
场地面积：40000 m2
总建筑面积：33942m2
建筑高度：24m
设计时间：2009.7~2010.9
竣工时间：2014.8
摄影：姚力
Project Location: Weinan, Shaanxi Province
Client: Weinan Municipal Bureau of Culture
Principal in Charge: ZHUANG Weimin
Design Team: ZHUANG Weimin, ZHANG Wei, GAO Guocheng, LIANG Sisi, KANG Liqiao, PAN Anping, LIU Yichuan, LUO Xinyu, MI Zhong, GAO Guisheng, XU Hua, LI Shuqin, et al
Site Area: 40000 m2
Total Floor Area: 33942m2
Height: 24m
Design Period: 2009.7~2010.9
Time of Completion: 2014.8
Photos: YAO Li
MORE: 清华建筑设计院 Architectual Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University，更多请至：Architectual Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University on gooood
