Watermark WestQuay, Southampton, UK by ACME

非常感谢 ACME 将项目介绍和项目图片授权gooood发行。更多关于他们：ACME on gooood.
Appreciation towards ACME for providing the following description:

南安普顿是一个历史悠久的港口和温泉城市，也是从英国驶出游轮的主要出发点。许多中世纪的防御墙都保留了下来，但海岸线已经被改造成港口设施、零售公园和地面停车场，这些建筑使得城市越来越远离大海。水印西码头是一个混合型多功能设计方案，场地位于城外的再利用地块上。它创造了一个新的城市区域，将市民和游客带回原有的海岸线，在靠近大海的地方创造了一个新的公共空间。

Southampton is an historic port and spa city and the primary departure point for cruise ships sailing from England. Much of the medieval defence walls have remained, but the shoreline has been reclaimed and colonised by port facilities, retail parks and surface car parks, making the city feel increasingly distant from the sea. Watermark WestQuay is a mixed-used scheme sited on reclaimed land just outside the town walls. It creates a new urban precinct that brings citizens and visitors back to the old shoreline, creating a major new public space close to the sea.

▼项目主体一览，project overview ©Benedict Luxmoore

水印西码头的第一阶段是南安普顿市中心的一个重要区域的再开发项目的第一部分，整个再开发项目由ACME设计。第一阶段包括了一个10屏影院、保龄球馆、24家餐厅和一家咖啡馆，一个双层的冬季花园以及一个新的公共广场和滨海大道。影院“悬浮”在餐厅上方，悬臂长达26米，保护着人们的视线。电影院的新立面由连续长达14千米的管道制成，这样的造型是为了呼应以前在这里生产的倍耐力水下电缆。这些管道成为电影院的表皮，给人一种无重量和运动感，并将透明度和照明结合起来，人们从城市和往来的邮轮上可观赏这个漂浮着的夜间景观。

Phase 1 of Watermark WestQuay is the first part of a major redevelopment of a key area within Southampton’s town centre designed by ACME. The new scheme contains a 10-screen multiplex cinema, bowling alley, 24 restaurants and cafés, a double-height winter garden and a new public plaza and esplanade. The cinema floats above the restaurants, cantilevering out up to 26m to protect views from the walls. The new façade for the cinema has been designed as a continuous 14km long band of pipes, echoing the underwater cables that were formerly manufactured there by Pirelli. The pipes form an outer skin for the cinema that gives an impression of weightlessness and movement, and allows for the integration of transparency and lighting to create a floating night-time attraction visible from the city and the incoming cruise liners.

▼项目底层的混凝土部分与上层区分明显，the lower level is distinguished from the upper part by the concrete cladding©Benedict Luxmoore

低处的餐厅层由预制混凝土包覆，这样做是为了应对海边的侵蚀模式。通过对外轮廓的着重刻画而制成水平条带，将立面变得动感起来，并和上方管道的横向语言相对应。南安普顿新的主广场正把市民生活带回这里，配以礼堂座椅，水景，各种供给人们使用的软装硬装，还有大型船只秀场活动，小型节日和滑冰环。

The lower restaurant level is defined by precast concrete cladding which speaks to the erosion patterns usually found by the sea, with heavy profiling creating horizontal bands that animate the facade and tie into the horizontal language of the pipes above. The major new public square for Southampton is bringing civic life back to the town wall, with auditorium seating, water features and hard and soft finishes providing a range of spaces for a variety of uses, from large boat show events to small festivals and ice skating rings.

▼长向立面一览，the longitudinal elevation©Benedict Luxmoore

南安普顿在历史上曾经作为游轮和贸易的主要通道，西码头的规划参考了这一历史背景。在二十世纪的进程中，海岸线与当地居民的距离越来越远，逐渐远离了标志着海滨的中世纪城墙，其中一部分原因是建立了一系列的港口设施和工业建筑，如前倍耐力工厂。水印西码头的第一阶段和第二阶段是将大海与城市重新连接的第一步，它融入了南安普顿的古代航海历史。总规划的整体构想希望连接场地与城市中心，现在它们之间的高差将两者切断，同时将设计分为南边和北边两块，来维持受保护的视线。

The WestQuay master plan addresses Southampton’s historic role as a main thoroughfare for cruise ships and trade. During the course of the twentieth century the shoreline has become distanced from the local population, moving progressively further away from the medieval town walls that historically marked the waterfront, due in part to a series of port facilities and industrial buildings, such as the former Pirelli factory. Phase 1 and 2 of Watermark WestQuay have been designed as the first steps in a plan to reconnect the city to the sea, embracing Southampton’s ancient maritime history. The overall vision of the master plan will ensure that the new development bridges the level change that currently divides the site from the city centre, while maintaining protected views by splitting the scheme into distinct north and south projects.

▼项目与城市、海滨的位置关系，the relationship between the city, the waterfront and the project

1.历史背景
Historical context

一个有城墙的港口 | A PORT WITH WALLS

南安普顿曾经是一个重要的港口，参与了法国葡萄酒和英国羊毛的贸易。1338年法国突袭后，该城的防御工事得到加强。由于城市没有足够的钱来构建完整的防御墙，面朝西码头的商屋被纳入防御墙中，商屋的外墙与防御墙相连，在十二世纪的诺尔曼房屋前形成一个拱廊。今天，城镇的部分城墙仍然保留着。最初南安普顿是一个被城墙包围着的半岛城市，其经济发展以城市与港口之间的关系为中心。这是一个沿着海岸线的大规模的工程建设，它将会永久地改变自身与水之间的关系。扩大港口容量的需求使得旧城墙外开始进行土地开垦。

Southampton used to be an important port and was involved in the trade of French wine and English wool. After the French Raid of 1338 the town’s defences were reinforced. As the town didn’t have enough money to construct full defensive walls, the existing merchant houses facing the West Quay were incorporated into the defensive walls by joining their exterior walls to form an arcade in front of the 12th century Norman houses. Parts of the Town Walls remain today. Originally a walled town on a peninsula surrounded by the water, Southampton’s economic development has centered on its relationship with the harbour. Massive engineering works along the waterfront would transform its identity and relationship with the water permanently. The need to expand its port capacity led to the reclamation of land outside of the old Town Walls.

▼保存下来的古城墙成为设计里重要的元素，the old Town Wall is an important part of the overall design©Jack Hobhouse

密实化的需求 | A NEED FOR DENSIFICATION

尽管港口至今仍然处于活跃状态，但市中心仍然需要加强密集程度，因为周边城市中心的竞争正挑战并影响着南安普顿作为人们主要目的地的地位。这是一个用城市手段将再利用地区重新吸纳回来的机遇，它将城市再次连接到滨水地带，应当积极地进行推进。

While the harbour is active to this day, the City Centre is in need of densification as rival urban centres in the periphery are challenging and compromising Southampton’s status as a prime destination. The opportunity of engaging the reclaimed areas in an urban manner and connecting the City once again to the waterfront exists and should be actively pursued.

▼城墙与建筑间形成一个供人们玩乐的广场，the space in between the old Town Wall and the building is a plaza for people to have fun©Jack Hobhouse

2.公共领域
Public Realm

新创建的公共领域的区域每天24小时开放，确保规划完全融入市中心的肌理。它围绕着一个新的公共广场，两侧是城墙，还有一列逐渐变窄的阶梯，从较低的步道向下延伸，并且创造了一个自然的礼堂来举办一系列的活动。广场上餐厅林立，这个灵活的空间将成为整个夏季活跃的活动场所。

The areas of newly created public realm around the building are open 24 hours a day, ensuring that the scheme is fully integrated into the fabric of the city centre. It centres around a new public plaza, flanked by the Town Walls and a set of tapering steps leading down from the lower promenade, creating a natural auditorium in which to host a range of events. Lined with restaurants that open up onto the square, this flexible space will become a scene of lively activity throughout the summer months.

▼新创建的公共领域的区域每天24小时开放，the areas of newly created public realm around the building are open 24 hours a day©Jack Hobhouse

水景提供了一个聚焦的点，它将镜面池与喷泉结合起来，而且会像海水一样潮涨潮落。夜晚时分，集成的照明会使得空间变得活跃。在冬季，这个空间可以变成一个溜冰场、圣诞市场或者举办其他活动的场所，这样空间全年都将充满活力。

A water feature provides a focal point and combines fountain jets with a mirror pool, which ebbs and flows much as the tides would have done when this location formed the waters edge, while integrated lighting animates the space during the evening and night. During the winter the space is designed to host an ice rink, Christmas markets and other activities to ensure it remains vibrant with activity year round.

▼水景提供了一个聚焦的点，它将镜面池与喷泉结合起来；a water feature provides a focal point and combines fountain jets with a mirror pool©ACME

沿着城墙，从广场往南走，是西边的滨海大道。这是步道线路的第一部分，在未来的阶段中，步道将一直延续到海边。蜿蜒连绵的沼泽地创造出口袋空间，让人们在多种多样的本地植物的簇拥下聚集，放松心灵。城墙上使用了向上的照明，为夜晚提供了丰富的纹理背景，而公共领域的照明都是由建筑本身和树木提供的，这样一来就确保了广场上不会显得杂乱，并使得人们的注意力集中在古城墙上。

Leading south from the Plaza along the foot of the Town Walls is Western Esplanade. This is the first portion of a pedestrian route that will eventually reach all the way to the waterfront when future phases of the master plan are developed. A sinuous planted swale creates pockets of space, which allow people to gather and relax alongside colourful planting composed of wide variety of native species. Uplighting is employed along the Town Wall providing a richly textured backdrop to the scheme at night, while all lighting to the public realm is provided from the building itself and the trees, ensuring the plaza is clutter-free and focusing attention of the ancient Walls.

▼回看广场，looking back at the plaza©Jack Hobhouse

▼绿植为广场提供了有这样的休息区，the trees provide a covered area for people©ACME

3.弥合水平差异-歌颂城墙
Bridging the level difference – celebrating the wall

城市一体化 | URBAN INTEGRATION

旧城作为当代的城市中心与城市城墙以西的填海土地有着超过7米的明显的高差，包含着在历史上作为滨海区域的现在的项目场地。历史照片显示，这个古老的小镇通过一个坡度缓和的Bargate街连接着Bargate和西边的Esplanade，然而最近的较低海拔的填海土地的开发却使得这个连接消失了。开发通过两种截然不同的方式进行：城市中心利用基底将海拔提高，而在地表高度则开发了郊区零售商业区以及方便汽车流通而设计的商业公园。这种发展模式牺牲了城市中行人的连通性。

A significant level difference of more than seven meters exists between the Old Town – the contemporary city centre – and the reclaimed land West of the Town Walls including the site, historically the waterfront. Historic photos show the Old Town with a gradual connection from Bargate to Western Esplanade via a softly sloping Bargate Street, however this has been lost with recent developments on the reclaimed land at the lower level. These have operated in two distinct ways: at the raised level of the city centre by way of podiums, or at grade with suburban retail and business parks designed for ease of vehicular circulation. This pattern of development has been at the expense of pedestrian connectivity in the city.

▼“上步道”，the upper promenade©ACME

▼从上层步道俯瞰广场，overlook the plaza from the upper promenade©Jack Hobhouse

水印西码头引入了一个新办法来弥合这个高差，将活动带入目前没有人行的较低层。该设计旨在发起一场城市运动，将南安普顿重新连接到它的滨水区域，并在此过程中，向行人提供一个了解这个重要历史遗产的新视角，塑造一个更加紧密的关系，以此来歌颂与纪念古城墙。

Watermark WestQuay introduces a new approach by bridging this level difference to bring activity to the lower level where currently there is no natural footfall. The scheme aims to initiate an urban movement aimed towards reconnecting Southampton to its waterfront, and in the process to celebrate the Town Walls by providing pedestrians with a new perspective on and closeness to this significant piece of history.

▼从上层步道可以到达各个餐厅，one can access the restaurants from the ‘Upper Promenade’©Benedict Luxmoore

倾斜的步道 | SLOPING PROMENADES

设计师从历史上倾斜着的Bargate街汲取了一些灵感，在设计中引入了两条倾斜的步道，为市中心和老城到规划中心的新广场再到滨水地区，提供了一个平稳的过渡。“上步道”将游客从旧城的高度逐渐降低到公共区域的一个被抬高的区域，从这里连接着城墙下的广场和开发方案西侧的港口游行区域。从露台上可以俯瞰城墙，也可以从这里到达与步道平行的各个餐馆。

Taking a cue from the historic sloping connection from Bargate Street, the scheme introduces two sloping promenades, providing a smooth transition from the City Centre and Old Town down to the new Plaza at the heart of the scheme, and beyond to the Waterfront. The ‘Upper Promenade’ takes visitors gradually down from the level of the Old Town to a raised area of public realm connecting to both the Plaza at the foot of the Town Walls and Harbour Parade to the west of the development. Restaurants lining the promenade are accessed from terraces, which overlook the walls.

▼“上步道”将游客从旧城的高度逐渐降低到公共区域的一个被抬高的区域，从这里连接着城墙下的广场和开发方案西侧的港口游行区域；The ‘Upper Promenade’ takes visitors gradually down from the level of the Old Town to a raised area of public realm connecting to both the Plaza at the foot of the Town Walls and Harbour Parade to the west of the development©Benedict Luxmoore

▼从露台上可以俯瞰城墙，也可以从这里到达与步道平行的各个餐馆； the ‘Upper Promenade’ takes visitors gradually down from the level of the Old Town to a raised area of public realm, and restaurants lining the promenade are accessed from terraces, which overlook the walls©Jack Hobhouse

“下步道”通过一系列楼梯在处于老城区高度的Portland露台到广场之间创造出一条路线。从步道上慢慢延展出一行台阶，沿着广场的边缘形成了一个自然的梯田，餐馆在露台上逐一散开，以城墙为中心塑造出一个充满活力的新公共领域。

The ‘Lower Promenade’ creates a route via a set of stairs from the Old Town level at Portland Terrace down to the Plaza. Steps peel off from  the promenade forming a natural terraced auditorium along the edge of the plaza and restaurants spill out onto terraces, creating a vibrant new public realm with the Town Walls as the focus.

▼“下步道”通过一系列楼梯在处于老城区高度的Portland露台到广场之间创造出一条路线，the ‘Lower Promenade’ creates a route via a set of stairs from the Old Town level at Portland Terrace down to the Plaza©Benedict Luxmoore

▼从步道上慢慢延展出一行台阶，沿着广场的边缘形成了一个自然的梯田；steps peel off from  the promenade forming a natural terraced auditorium along the edge of the plaza©Jack Hobhouse

▼上层步道同时也是下方的华盖， the upper promenade becomes the canopy for the lower level©Jack Hobhouse

▼连接停车场和主楼间的桥廊，the bridge that connects the parking lot and the main building©Jack Hobhouse

4.电影院
Cinema

管子 | PIPES

倍耐力公司曾坐落于该场地，该公司生产巨大的76mm由厚钢加固铜线和橡胶制成的水下电缆，铺设在北海和大西洋之间，为早期电话通讯提供技术服务。电影院的新外墙由连续14公里长的76毫米厚钢管制成。这些管道的排布具有不同的密度，在可能的地方打开视线。每隔6米长的管段是独特的，并使用计算机控制的定制弯管机制造，它会在管子上打印唯一的ID编码并将管子的位置固定，从而在安装的过程中帮助其定位。这些管子通过销钉连接并固定在一系列二级结构框架上，这种连接可以让管子在三个方向上和沿着管子的角度上移动。每个部分都用简单的推进式插管连接，形成一个包裹着影院的连续条带。

The site was previously used by Pirelli for the manufacture of underwater cables, massive 76mm thick steel reinforced copper and rubber cables laid across the North Sea and the Atlantic for early telephone communication. The new façade for the cinema has been designed as a continuous 14km long band of 76mm thick steel pipes. The pipes are designed with varying densities to open views from within where possible. Each 6m long section of pipe is unique, and manufactured using computer controlled custom pipe-bending machines, which also print unique id codes and fixing positions onto the pipes to assist with orientation during installation. The pipes are fixed back to a series of secondary structural frames by means of a pin connection, which allows for movement in three directions and in the angle of the pipe. The individual sections are simply push-jointed by means of a spigot connection to form a continuous band wrapping the cinema.

▼面向城市方向的建筑一角，the corner towards the city center©Benedict Luxmoore

悬臂 | CANTILEVER

10屏影院悬浮在餐厅上方，悬臂长达26米，通过位于屏幕与南立面之间的一系列双层高钢桁架来确保城墙上的视线。混凝土核心筒提供了稳定性。预制混凝土在建筑外皮完成之前就用起重机吊起，以制成会堂的平台。

The ten screen cinema floats above the restaurants, cantilevering out up to 26m to protect views from the walls by means of a series of double height steel trusses located between screens and along the south facade, with concrete cores providing stability. Precast concrete elements were craned in prior to completion of the envelope to form the stadia to auditoriums.

▼伸展出的悬臂结构仿佛迎接着人们的到来，the long overhang seems to welcome visitors©Jack Hobhouse

▼登上阶梯可以看到远处的城市景观，one can overlook the urban landscape after climbing up the stairs©ACME

5.基座
Plinth

电影院的表皮充满了动感，并有着强烈的横向感，这一语言在底座设计中继续沿用。底座包括低层和城墙。与不锈钢管的轻盈相比，底座主要使用了预制混凝土，显得坚固而温暖，与城墙的纪念性和历史悠久的石制墙体形成材料上的对话。

The sense of movement and strong horizontality of the cinema cladding continues in the plinth, which comprises the lower floors level with the Town Wall. In contrast to the lightness of the stainless steel pipes the plinth is predominantly clad in precast concrete, providing a solidity and warmth, which speaks to the monumentality and historic stonework of the walls.

▼电影院另一侧进入一个小广场，the other side of the cinema leads to a small square©Benedict Luxmoore

▼电影院外表皮充满动感，the skin of the cinema has a strong sense of movement©ACME

在较低的步道上，坚固的预制混凝土包覆层被用玻璃制成的开放式店面打破，欢迎着行人进入。预制混凝土桩1米深，为每个铺面提供止挡。与连续的、蜿蜒的树冠相结合，每个租户能够表达他们的身份，但同时又统一于一个坚固且一致的建筑语言框架内，以适合城墙的历史背景。

On the lower promenade the solidity of the precast cladding is broken by fully glazed, opening shop fronts to the restaurants, inviting pedestrians to enter. Precast concrete pilasters one meter deep provide stop ends to each shop front. In combination with the continuous, sinuous canopy above this allows each tenant to express their individual identity but within the framework of a strong and consistent architectural language appropriate to the context of the historic walls.

▼坚固的预制混凝土包覆层被用玻璃制成的开放式店面打破，the solidity of the precast cladding is broken by fully glazed, opening shop fronts©Benedict Luxmoore

一种酸蚀的波特兰混合料被选择作为辅助的薄片来装饰城市墙壁的温暖的石头。预制的包覆层经过刻画，形成水平条带，用阴影让立面变得生动起来，并与上方管子的水平语言联系在一起。条带的宽度是大楼梯台阶高度的倍数，它将底座的顶部连接到建筑物的西南角落的公共区域。在这种方式下，立面无缝地过渡到楼梯，然后包裹建筑再次形成立面。

An acid etched Portland mix was chosen as a complimentary foil to the warm hued stone of the Town Walls. The precast cladding is heavily profiled, creating horizontal bands which animate the facade with shadow and ties into the horizontal language of the pipes above. The band heights are based on multiples of the riser height of the Grand Stair, which connects the top of the plinth to the public realm in the SW corner of the building. In this way the facade seamlessly transitions into stair and then facade again as it wraps around the building.

▼预制的包覆层经过刻画，形成水平条带，用阴影让立面变得生动起来，并与上方管子的水平语言联系在一起；the precast cladding is heavily profiled, creating horizontal bands which animate the facade with shadow and ties into the horizontal language of the pipes above©Benedict Luxmoore

6.建造
Construction

由于电影院的占地面积太大，无法再现有的场地范围内安装，以及场地上的各种限制令设计团队面临着巨大的挑战。解决方案是将电影院抬高到餐馆层上方，并以悬臂结构建造来规避这些限制。同时设计团队利用电影院独有的空间配置，在礼堂墙壁和立面里整合有双层或者三层高的桁架。

The various constraints placed on the site posed the design team a challenge as the cinema footprint was too large to fit within the available site area. The proposed solution, to raise the cinema above the restaurant levels and cantilever out above these constraints, made use of the opportunities offered by the spatial configuration of a cinema, which by it’s nature allows for the integration of efficient double and triple height truss elements within auditorium walls and facades.

在可能的情况下，设计师确保电影院线与下方的10×10 m的零售网格对齐，局部变化与电影院布局相一致，以提高底层四层钢筋混凝土框架结构的效率。电影院的地板是最强的钢筋混凝土楼板，需要比下面的更厚，才能处理来自观众席的巨大载荷。同样重要的是，钢框架的阶梯式座椅结构从混凝土结构中分离出来，以确保剧院礼堂和楼下餐厅之间的噪音和振动最小化。

Where possible it was ensured that the cinema grid aligned with the 10 x 10 m retail grid below, with local variations to align with the cinema layout to provide efficiencies in the reinforced concrete frame structure of the lower four levels. The floor of the cinema marks the highest RC floor slab, and needed to be thicker than those below to deal with the large imposed loads from the auditoria seating. It was also important that the steel framed terrace seating structure was acoustically isolated from the concrete structure to ensure that noise and vibration between the cinema auditoria and restaurants below were minimized.

为了抑制平衡力，桁架后跨中产生的大张力必须转移到混凝土芯上。在这些位置，必须对连接回核心的组件进行预应力处理。这是通过核心后方的铸板上锚定的Macalloy条实现的，通过压缩将力转移到墙壁上。用可控的方法施加压力，确保沿杆的应力以设计的方式应用于混凝土。预应力的应用确保了在电影院满员时核心墙的连接组件不会从墙壁上脱离，这对于控制悬臂的受力偏差值至关重要。

To restrain the out of balance forces, the large tension forces generated in the back span of the trusses had to be transferred to the concrete cores. In these locations it was necessary  to pre-stress the connections back  to the cores; this was achieved with Macalloy bars anchored back to  cast-in plates at the rear of the cores, transferring the force to the walls  via compression. The stressing took place in a controlled approach, ensuring that stress along the bar  was applied to the concrete in the manner designed. The pre-stress applied ensured that the connections to the core walls would not pull away from the walls when the cinema was fully loaded, which was critical in controlling the deflection of the cantilevers.

在结构上，影院的双壳设计有着很多的优点，使得保温防水的外壳成为一个简单的、成本高效合理的盒子，立面由全高的复合面板组成。这反过来又允许更快的建造速度，并让内部工作和装修可以更早的开始，从方案阶段就去除了更复杂的管道包覆元素。

Cladding the structure, the double- skin design of the cinema box offered a number of advantages in construction, allowing the thermal and watertight envelope to be a simple, cost efficient box, with the facade composed of vertical full height composite panels. This in turn allowed for rapid construction and an early start on internal works and fitting out, which removed the more complex pipe cladding elements from the programme critical path.

▼步道设计概念，the design concept of the promenade