Overseas NO.86: Xueying Zhang

海外存知己，天涯若比邻。
在海外专辑分享海外华人的故事。希望这份分享可以让世界更加海阔天空。
第八十六期为您呈现的是毕业于多伦多大学、现就职于MJMA的张雪莹

A bosom friend afar brings distant land near. The Oversea album shares the lives of Chinese living abroad with all. The No.86 episode is about Xueying Zhang, who graduated from University of Toronto and is now working for MJMA

为什么出国？
Why going abroad?

不是一个喜欢在一个地方呆很久的人，本科离开了自己的城市，研究生也想换个环境，看看外面的世界。

I don’t like staying at one place for a long time. I left my city for university, and also tried to continue my master in a different environment. I’m always curious about the places I haven’t been to and want to see what’s out there.

在国外遇到了什么让你印象最深刻的事情？
What impressed you the most when you are abroad?

周围的同学很多都结婚或是工作了好几年，大多数读书都是为了更好的提升自己而不是为了读书而读书，对自己想要做的东西也有清晰的认识。

Many of the students here are married or have been worked for a couple of years. They have a better understanding of what they want and where lie their interest.

最想念祖国的什么？
What do you miss the most about China?

家人，朋友，美食和淘宝

Family, friends, food and Taobao.

你会回国吗？为什么？
Will you come back China? Why?

长远来看或许会，看到中国有越来越多优秀的设计和新锐事务所，这点很吸引我。但这边比较好的是整体设计周期更长，可以不急不躁的做设计。

Perhaps in the future. Clearly, in the past few years, there are more and more outstanding designs and architecture studios emerging in China. That’s very attractive. However, the good thing about here is that the pace either in design or life is slower and leave you some time to think carefully.

出国后在不同的背景下再看中国是否看得更清晰，有哪些感触？
Is it more distinct to view China in a different environment after going abroad? Any thought?

出国后看中国，虽然有更多的信息，但是反而没有那么清晰了。这是一个复杂而矛盾的国家，希望她越来越好。

I do see more, but not sure if it is clearer. It’s a complicated and controversial country and I wish her the best.

你的学校有哪些教育特点？
What makes the curriculum of your school different from other architecture schools?

多大属于偏学院派一点的建筑院校，因为离哈佛比较近，大部分教授都是哈佛毕业的，因此也带过来了那边的一些教学风格。但是总体来说这边的教育更加开放自由，做的东西没有很多限制，更鼓励用模型来表达方案，而且很多学生用的材料也是千奇百怪。

The teaching system in University of Toronto is quite similar to Harvard GSD. Since the two schools are quite close, many professors are graduated from GSD and bring their style to here. In general, I think the environment here is more open minded, prof usually give students adequate freedom to do things they are interested in. Model making is strongly recommended here， and students are being very creative about the materials they use.

你现在工作公司的特色和有趣的地方？
What are the characteristics and interesting points of your firm?

我的公司主要是做社区中心以及学校的活动中心，包括游泳馆，曲棍球馆，篮球馆，图书馆之类的公共建筑。因为是做游泳馆起家的，对于无性别更衣室有着自己的一套理论，强调透明性以及随之带来的安全性，也非常强调无障碍设计。同时他们会设计建筑的标识系统以及家具，达到与建筑的统一。

My current office is a multidisciplinary design firm focused on projects that advance personal and civic wellness and include a diverse array of programming and scales. They started with designing swimming pools and have their own theory about accessibility and all gender changeroom. They emphasize a lot on transparency and safety that come along. They also design signage / wayfinding and furniture in the building so that everything is consistent.

最喜欢的艺术家（绘画音乐电影等广泛范围）是谁？给你创作带来了什么影响？
Who is your favorite artist (in wider range such as art, music, movie)? What is the influence?

库布里克。他的电影有建筑师一般的强迫症，他的画面，色彩，氛围和叙事都对我有很大的启发。

Stanley Kubrick. He has OCD for sure, just like most of the architects. The composition of each shot, the color, the mood, and the way of storytelling inspired me a lot.

觉得自己的作品集有哪些迷人的特质？
What fascinates viewers the most in your portfolio in your opinion?

我比较用简单的形式去表达有力的想法。

I prefer to use concise form to express something powerful.

什么时候开始看谷德网的？欢迎你提出建议哦，谢谢。
When did you start to follow gooood? Any suggestions?

本科很早就开始了，每次都在上面找案例。觉得现在谷德网不仅仅是一个媒体更是一种媒介了，希望越办越好。

From perhaps first year or second year in my undergrad. It’s more like a platform rather than a media now. Keep going!

W O R K

01.

跨界建筑学与心理学 – 当疯狂成为新的正常
NEW NORMAL – Personality Disorder Vessel
Instructor: Brian Boigon

这个项目是研究建筑学与心理学可能的关联性，用心理学的原型生成建筑的形体与空间。具体来说，是研究人格（personality），人格障碍（personality disorder）以及两者之间的关系。出发点是搏击俱乐部这部电影。这部电影讲的是一个人分裂成两种人格，一种是暴躁的人格，一种是好脾气的人格。

The project is about the potential relationship between psychology and architecture, using psychological matrix to generate architectural forms, using architecture as an instrument, an investigate tool to express things. In particular, areas in personality traits and personality disorders and the relationship between them. My stating point is the movie Fight Club, which talks about a man has two personalities: a hostile one and an even-tempered one.

为了用建筑形式来表现这两种人格，我做了对应这两种人格的小房子。一个在沙漠上，有粗犷的金属表皮；一个在山上，是一个对称宁静的构筑物。剖面上看，一个里面是混乱的几何体堆成的空间，没有固定的功能房间。在我的想象中，暴躁的人有用不完的精力，所以在刁钻的地方钻来爬去；一个里面是对称的冥想空间，屋顶可以收集雨水滋养里面的莲花，四周没有围墙，只在下雨的时候有雨帘。楼梯很有仪式感地旋转而下到地下的茶室，浴室和卧室，没有电器，他日出而起，日落而息。

I made two houses correspond to the two personalities. The hostile one situates in the desert with brutal façade, while the even-tempered one sits in a quiet, serene hill with symmetrical composition. From the section, the hostile one has various random geometries inside, no fixed room or furniture. The stairs are so steep because they have endless energy. The interior surfaces are padded so he can punch everything. The even-tempered one, on the other hand, is a temple-like place for contemplation. The roof collects rain to water the lotuses inside. There are no walls except the raindrop curtain. No air conditioner, no electricity in the house. He sleeps when the sun sets.

做了两个之后我决定做一个系列，于是研究了一下关于人格的分类。根据心理学界目前最公认的人格分类方式, 大五模型（FFM），将人格分为五个方面：外向性，情绪不稳定性，尽责性，亲和性，经验开放性。每个方面都有高分和低分两种人格, 比如说开放性，高分是外向，低分是冷漠。2×5=10，所以一共就是十种人格。

Then, I develop a serious architecture forms for personalities. Built on the theory of the Five Factor Model (FFM), there are five dimensions for personality traits: Extraversion, NeuroticismConscientiousness, Agreeableness, Openness. Each dimension has a high score and low score which makes the total ten. For instance, the high score for extraversion is outgoing and low score is aloof.

根据每一种人格的特性，我做了一系列小房子来代表每种人格，整理成了一本小册子。

Base on the theory, I built a book call The Architecture Personality Handbook, which consists mostly of the description for each of the ten personalities and the architecture forms generated out of them. It’s an introduction and analysis on personality traits and how architecture form can interact with them.

I. 外向性人格
[OUTGOING]

经常一言不合就开趴体
话多，是人群的焦点
热爱学习，因为一个外国帅哥而学习一门外语
工作狂
喜欢旅行和运动
因为小事而激动

“She organizes a party every week, for a birthday or for nothing.
Talkative, she is always the centre of attention.
She told her friend that she took a French course simply because French men are attractive.
Besides being a party animal, she is also a workaholic.
She loves travelling and hiking.
Lower-case letters are simply insufficient to describe her response to her hiking experiences: “I LOVE to take deep breathe for the fresh air!”

高耸的房子很吸睛
每个房间都有很大的开窗，阳光充足
没有固定的家具
因为精力旺盛，很少睡觉
家里有攀岩墙还有很陡的楼梯

“Her sculptural, vertical house seeks attention.
Each room has a huge opening. She embraces sunshine from every angle.
There is no fixed furniture in her house.
She is so energetic that she barely needs a bed.
A climbing wall and steep ladders form her circulation system.”

II. 冷漠型人格
[ALOOF]

有工作了不会特别开心，丢掉工作也不会很伤心
工作稳定而平庸
因为读太多书而高度近视
可以盯着金鱼游泳好几个小时
每周按时修建花园

“He is not excited when gets a job and not sad when loses it.
He has a stable work, not so well-paid, but not so exhausted as well.
He is deeply short-sighted because he reads too much.
Sometimes he watches his goldfishes swimming for hours.
Gardening is his routine on weekend.”

一个人住，大门极窄
为了不出门吃饭而做饭
书架是他的墙，他的墙就是书架
天窗的自然光利于阅读
他在沙发上，在床上，在浴缸里，在马桶上读书
表皮是镜子，反射周围环境，这样就没有人会注意到他的房子了。

“He lives by himself in a unit with an extra-narrow entrance.
He cooks in order to stay at home all day.
His bookshelves are his walls.
The skylight is good for his eyes.
He can read on his cozy sofa, in bed, in his bathtub, or on his toilet.
The exterior is clad in mirror so that people won’t notice the building.”

III. 焦虑型人格
[ANXIOUS]

每次看悲伤的电影都会哭
过于频繁的看医生，总觉得自己有病
个性敏感，容易察觉别人的情绪
因为小事而吃不下睡不着，日渐消瘦
总是自责
觉得没有人爱她
吃过各种各样的抗抑郁药
经常有自杀的念头

“She weeps at every sad movie.
She visits her doctors more than others and rates her health as worse.
She is quick to detect an angry face.
She can’t eat and sleep and loses weight rapidly for the littlest thing.
She blames herself a lot and thinks no one loves her.
She takes a series of different antidepressants.
She has suicidal thoughts every now and then.
Sometimes she mishears “die” for “dye”, or “pain” for “pane”.

住在很深的地下
住宅入口有独立的楼梯，跟公共的楼梯分离开
从不出门吃饭，怕有人在食物里下毒
但是做饭从不用火
只用淋浴洗澡而不用浴缸，因为害怕溺水而亡

“She lives underground.
There are long stairs that take her down to her room.
Her entrance has its own stair, separate from a public one.
She always cooks for herself in case anyone poisons her.
Yet she never uses fire to cook.
She takes showers instead of baths to avoid drowning.”

IV. 佛系人格
[EVEN-TEMPERED]

聆听比诉说多
坏事发生的时候总是看到好的一面
不过分期待也很少对事情感到意外
压力再大也可以一秒入睡
他充分接受自己的不完美

“He listens more than he talks.
When bad things happen, he takes it easy and looks at the bright side.
He doesn’t expect too much and thus is not easily surprised.
He sleeps soundly even under great pressure.
He knows that he is imperfect, and he embraces it.”

他有自己的冥想空间
屋顶可以收集的雨水来滋养莲花
雨帘就是他的墙
没有空调，没有电
更喜欢自然采光和通风
太阳下山就睡觉

“He has a temple-like place for contemplation.
The roof collects rain to water the lotuses inside.
There are no walls except the raindrop curtain.
No air conditioner, no electricity.
He prefers natural light and a breeze.
He sleeps when the sun sets.”

V. 自律型人格
[ORGANIZED]

每天雷打不动10点37分睡觉
每天睡前读30页书
从不迟到
从不闯红灯
很难扔掉任何东西
无法忍受浪费时间
是最仔细，却也是最没效率的员工

“She always goes to sleep unvaryingly at 10:37 p.m.
She reads thirty pages before bed every day.
She is punctual for every event.
She always crosses the road with the light.
She is unable to throw anything away.
If she takes time to do nothing, she feels wasteful and lazy.
She is highly valued at work because of her attention to detail.
She is, however, also the least productive worker in the office. ”

她的房间严格的对称
每间房间都是一样的面积
每个邻居也都是一样的布置
中心是一个旋转楼梯
家具不是混凝土就是大理石，不可以随意移动
房间没有窗，因为她喜欢被闹钟而不是阳光叫醒

“Her house is rigidly symmetrical.
Each room has exactly the same space.
Her neighbours have the identical layout.
A central spiral staircase takes them up.
The furniture is made of either concrete or marble.
It is unmovable.
No windows at all.
She prefers a clock rather than sunshine to wake her up.

VI．冲动型人格
[IMPULSIVE]

快到截止日期才会开始做事
但是每次都能侥幸过关
每天对自己说十次：这是我的最后一支烟
有很多张过期的健身房卡
旅行从来没有过计划

“He starts things right before the deadline.
But eventually, he gets through whatever academic and professional challenges he meets.
He says to himself：” this is my last cigarette“ ten times a day.
He has several expired gym cards.
He never makes plans for travel.”

房子由随机的几何体组成
卧室是一个未来感十足的蛋，被各种没有规律的斜柱支起
拥有一个室外游泳池，并给自己做了一个跳台
有时在游泳池里养鱼，但是他们从来没有活过一个星期

“Randomly stacked geometries form his house.
He sleeps in a futuristic egg supported by oblique columns.
The directions of the columns follow no rules.
He owns an outdoor swimming pool.
And he builds himself a diving platform.
Sometimes he gets fish in his pool.
But they never last more than one week.”

VII．信任型人格
[TRUSTING]

献血，也时常给福利院捐赠
把捡到的钱包交给警察叔叔，给陌生人指路
很少生气，而很快原谅
收养了两只流浪狗，三只流浪猫，会在阳台上放面包屑给鸟儿吃

“She gives blood,donates to charity.
She returns lost wallets, gives directions to strangers in the street.
She is slow to anger and quick to forgive.
She adopts two stray dogs, three stray cats and leaves food on the balcony for birds.”

她的房子看起来很柔软很有安全感，没有棱角
跟别人一起用厨房，厕所甚至卧室
有一个屋顶小平台和小吊床
室内有充足的阳光

“Her house looks soft and secure with no sharp angles.
She shares her kitchen, bathroom, and bedroom with another.
They have a hammock on the roof.
Sunlight filters through the house.”

VIII.攻击型人格
[HOSTILE]

以自己为中心
不关心他人
也不希望改善人际关系
没有同理心，读不懂别人言下之意
喜欢自己一个人呆着，感觉陪伴是一件无聊的事情

“He feels that he is more important than everyone else.
He does not care to help people.
He has no desire to improve interpersonal relationships.
He is not good at decoding the mental states underlying the words.
He finds human company rather boring most of the time and prefers to be on his own so that he has the freedom to let his thoughts go the way he wants them to.”

没有固定的房间和功能
横着和竖着的梯子到处都是
房子里充斥着各种诡异的几何体
室内所有的表面都被包裹着海绵，所以他可以击打一切东西

“His house has no fixed room or furniture.
Ladders thrust vertically and horizontally.
The house contains various bizarre geometries.
The interior surfaces are padded so he can punch everything.”

IX.创作型人格
[IMAGINATIVE]

喜欢参与艺术活动，比如读书比如展览比如听歌剧
尝试过很多种工作和生活
时常挑战常规
喜欢表现自己
尝试跨界，产生奇怪，不科学且无用的想法

“He loves participating in artistic and cultural activities of all kinds-reading, galleries, theatre and music.
He has tried out many different jobs, philosophies, and lifestyles.
He challenges social norms.
He is on a continual quest for self-expression.
He intends to associate many remote domains, potentially leading to bizarre, improbable beliefs of no practical use.”

房子看起来像是倒转了180°
睡觉是在斜着的 “屋顶” 上
喜欢在屋顶烧烤
浴室被一个大圆窗完全暴露

“His house seems upside down.
He sleeps on the pitched “roof”.
He likes to picnic on the flat roof on top.
He exposes his bathroom with a huge, round window.”

X.实用型人格
[PRACTICAL]

每天喝一样的咖啡
每天的计划精确到分钟
喜欢关于数字的工作
从来没有出过国
对这个信息爆炸的时代很抗拒

“She takes the same coffee every day.
Her schedule is detailed to minute.
She enjoys working with numbers.
She never steps out her country.
She is resistant to the era of information explosion.”

-房子很小却极有效率
-有独立的厕所，带可伸缩桌子的厨房，充满阳光的客厅，卧室和工作室
-整个房子仅占地30平米

“Her cabin is tiny but efficient.
She has an enclosed bathroom.
She has a nice kitchen with movable dining table.
Her living room and studio have huge windows.
All of these are meticulously arranged within thirty square metres.”

而根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）的理论，人格与人格障碍有紧密的联系，比如说责任性高的人可能变成强迫症型人格，而情绪不稳定性高的人可能会有逃避型人格。相应的，生成了十种人格障碍。

Built on the theory of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). There is a close relationship between the Five-Factor Model of personality and personality disorders. For example, extreme high score in consciousness leads to objective compulsive personality disorder, or extreme high neuroticism leads to avoidant personality.

除了生成十种人格障碍，我将十种原型用两面高墙联系在了一起，意在为之后的进一步设计做准备。同时，每个人格障碍的位置也与其性格相关，比如说自恋型，戏剧型人格在中心的位置，而多疑型人格逃避型人格在两端。值得强调的是每个原型并非是用来给这些患者居住的，而是用建筑形式来模仿人格障碍的特性。

Besides the ten personality disorders, two blades are created as a way to connect between them, creating a semi-enclosed space for the group of people. The location corresponds to the personality disorder trait as well, such as Paranoid PD and Avoidant PD are at the very edge, while the Histrionic PD and Narcissist PD are at the center of the building. To be clear, these houses are the representations of each personality disorder rather than the habitants for them.

02.

人格障碍康复中心
Personality Disorder Rehabilitation

随着社会的不断发展，工作和生活的压力不断增大，人格障碍（personality disorders，简称PD）越来越普遍。现有的对于PD的治疗主要是通过谈话治疗(Psychotherapy)，或是药物治疗(Medication)。但由于社会上的压力与偏见，很多患者否认自己有精神疾病，拒绝谈话治疗，同时，如果长期服药，是存在着潜在的不良影响的，病人长期依赖药物，使病情逐渐趋于慢性化，复发率高，可能导致精神衰退和人格改变。从医学精神病学的角度来看，精神病的治愈率是较低的。因此，本课题探讨是否能从建筑空间设计的角度来缓解患者的精神疾病，作为对主流治疗方式的辅助手段，甚至成为一种治疗方式。

As the society developing, pressure from both life and work are greatly increasing. Personality disorders get more and more common. Currently, personality disorders are treated either with psychiatric counselling or medication. Some patients deny their mental disorder, and there are potential side effects and risks behind medication treatment. Therefore, I start to wonder if architecture can also be a part of the treatment method?

在上一个项目的研究基础上，我设计了一个人格障碍的康复中心。十种PD患者主要分为三个族群：A型（奇怪型或异常型PD），包括妄想型PD，孤僻型PD和精神分裂型PD；B型（戏剧型或情感型PD）, 包括反社会PD，边缘型PD，戏剧化PD，自恋型PD；C型（焦虑型或恐惧型PD），包括畏惧型PD，依赖型PD，强迫型PD。

My last project used architecture as an instrument to develop forms from ten personality disorder traits. This project, I have designed a rehabilitation centre to house patients with personality disorders. Situated in a secluded area with a calm and serene context in nature, patients are divided into three clusters: cluster A， including Schizoid, Schizotypal, and Paranoid personality disorders; cluster B, including Borderline and Antisocial personality disorders or cluster C, including Avoidant, Dependent personality disorders*. (*Based on the DSM(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) published by the American Psychiatric Association which offers a standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.)

A型PD通常不承认自己有问题，但是又对其他人没有什么危害，所以选择尊重他们的个性，让他们在自己的舒适区里面生活，他们大多数相信超现实的力量，所以空间上设计的富有神秘感，主要在地下，有天窗引入自然光，同时也有社交的公共空间；

Cluster A is odd or eccentric disorders. Generally, they don’t see themselves as mentally ill. They are treatment resisting but post no threat to others. The strategy for these patients is to respect their nature. Since they tend to believe in supernatural power, their living space is designed to give them a divine feeling.

B型PD通常对自己或者其他人有威胁，所以空间上采用重复的元素，使空间有种秩序感，抑制他们冲动的性格；

Cluster B disorders are dramatic disorders. They have the potential to hurt themselves or others. Therefore, the section is designed to suppress their feelings of anger by introducing repetition elements. In this way, they can sense order and discipline in their living area.

C型PD通常寻求治疗，所以可以创造一些公共社交的空间，引入自然光与植物等。每个空间都是根据具体的人格障碍设计，通过空间设计缓解病患的症状。

Cluster C is anxious or fearful disorders. They are aware of their symptom and seeking treatment. Accordingly, the section is designed to encourage their social interaction with each other and have more exposure to nature. Spaces are meticulously designed with respect to each of the cluster’s characteristics, with an aim to facilitate rehabilitation through an architectural approach.

两个条状的建筑作为行政和公共活动的区域。公共活动的空间用红色联系起来，包括健身房，跑道，露天剧场，篮球场等。除了锻炼身体，还有精神上恢复的冥想空间，图书馆，公共浴室等。康复中心位于一个偏远的，风景优美的场地，让患者完全放松地去康复或生活。

The two blade buildings serve as institution purpose and public activity area. The public spaces are unified by the colour red, including a fitness centre, a running track, an open theatre, and basketball playground. Besides physical exercise area, there are also mental exercises spaces, such as meditation area, library, public baths. Situated in a secluded area with a calm and serene context in nature, they form a comprehensive rehabilitation for patients to relax and enjoy their life.

03.

容器 – 水博物馆
APPARATUS – Water Museum

摄影师杉本博司拍摄了一系列关于海的作品，每张看似相似，却有着不同的情绪。事实上，看似平静的海水在持续地变化。通常来说，海水每天涨潮退潮两次，潮汐的涨幅也随着月相发生变化。

Hiroshi Sugimoto, the famous Japanese photographer is addicted to capture waters. In his photography, every piece of sea seems similar, yet has different emotions. In fact, the seemingly still sea is changing all the time. Connected to the moon phase, the rise and recede in tide would occur twice a day, with different tidal range.

水博物馆，顾名思义，是一个关于水的博物馆。这个博物馆除了水没有其他的展品。在博物馆里，水以不同的形式与参观者交互，在水下，在水上，在水旁。你可以触碰它，凝视它，感受潮涨潮落。

The water museum, as its name suggests, is a museum about water. The museum has no other artificial exhibits but water. It serves as an apparatus. In different situations, water fills into the museum to interact with people. Sometimes you find yourself beneath the sea and sometimes above it. The water sometimes is on your left and sometimes on your right. You can touch it, play with it or just stare at it, feeling the rise and recede in tide. It creates a place for people to meditate.