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Karen Blixens Plads广场占地2万多平方米，是哥本哈根面积最大的公共广场之一。广场介于哥本哈根大学和位于南校区的丹麦皇家图书馆之间，成为城市中的一处开放且吸引人的场地。大胆而富有创新性的建筑设计使其能够容纳并促进绿色交通、适应气候变化并改善生物多样性。该项目获得了来自A.P Møller Fonden私人基金会的慷慨资助。

At more than 20,000 m2 Karen Blixens Plads is one of the largest public squares in Copenhagen. Situated between the University of Copenhagen and the Danish Royal Library’s buildings at the university’s South Campus, the open and welcoming urban space is an innovative, spectacular and multi-functional architectural design that accommodates and promotes green transportation, climate change adaptation and biodiversity. The project was supported by a generous donation from the private foundation A.P Møller Fonden.

▼广场鸟瞰，aerial view ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

创新的自行车停放模式
Innovative bicycle parking

公共广场和大学广场相互融合为一个整体，如地毯般覆盖着起伏的地面。面积较大的场地被划分为多个较小的区域，山丘般的地形创造出室内外相结合的活动空间。用来停放自行车的三座“山丘”由混凝土浇筑而成，外部以手工铺砌的瓷砖覆盖。山丘的颜色与附近校园建筑的外观形成呼应。除了为学生、教职人员和当地居民带来聚会和活动场所，广场还为大学的众多用户（包括1万6千名学生和2千名教职工）提供了容量巨大的自行车停放空间。创新且独特的设计使其能够同时容纳2000辆自行车。

The combined public square and university plaza is designed as a carpet that covers an undulating terrain of small hills and breaks the large space up into smaller zones with room for activities both on and inside the hills (domes). The three bicycle hills were created as cast concrete shells clad with hand-laid tiles in colors echoing the exteriors of the surrounding university buildings. In addition to serving as an active meeting place for students, employees and locals, the square also contains a high-capacity bicycle parking space for the many users of the university, including 16,000 students and 2,000 employees. The innovative and unique design has room for 2,000 bicycles.

▼用来停放自行车的“山丘”，one of the three bicycle hills ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

▼起伏的地面，an undulating terrain of small hills ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

▼“山丘”由混凝土浇筑而成，外部以手工铺砌的瓷砖覆盖，the bicycle hills were created as cast concrete shells clad with hand-laid tiles ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

▼铺地瓷砖细节，tile paving detail ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

COBE事务所的创始人兼主创建筑师Dan Stubbergaard表示：“哥本哈根是全球领先的自行车城市之一，有40%的居民每天骑自行车通勤。因此我们的任务是创造出一种足够新颖且灵活的停车方式。在以往的项目中，我们开发了多种自行车停放解决方案，并使其成为了环境中的自然要素。例如，我们在Nørreport车站创造了一系列’自行车床位’，而在Karen Blixens Plads广场的项目中，我们采用了自行车山丘的形式。一体化的山丘景观为自行车的停放创造出充裕的空间，其中三分之二是有屋顶覆盖的室内场地。”

▼山丘景观为自行车的停放创造出充裕的空间，the integrated hilly landscape creates a space with a large capacity for bicycles ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

‘Copenhagen is one of the world’s leading bicycle cities, with more than 40 per cent of the city’s inhabitants riding their bike for their daily commute. That requires a new and flexible approach to bicycle parking. In previous projects we have developed innovative bicycle parking solutions that form a natural element in the environment. By Nørreport Station, for example, we created the so called bicycle beds, and here, at Karen Blixen Plads, the solution is bicycle hills. The integrated hilly landscape creates a space with a large capacity for bicycles, two-thirds of them in covered spaces inside the bicycle hills,’ says Dan Stubbergaard, architect and founder of COBE.

▼被屋顶覆盖的停车场地，covered spaces inside the bicycle hills ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

跨学科的合作
Interdisciplinary collaboration

在与CN3的合作下，COBE事务所和EKJ的建筑工程师团队计算并创建了标志性的混凝土圆顶结构的3D投影模型。该解决方案是基于壳状的承重结构而实现的。从美学的角度看，该设计在圆顶的下方创造了一个宽敞而通透的空间。通常来说，壳体结构的表面不会开洞，但在该项目中，每个圆顶上都设有巨大的开口。这是一项十分具有挑战性的做法，需要投入额外的精力去进行测算和分析。

In collaboration with CN3, COBE and EKJ’s construction engineers calculated and created 3D projections of the iconic concrete dome constructions. The solution is based on a shell construction as the loadbearing structure. Aesthetically, the design provides a large airy space underneath the domes. However, while a shell construction does not normally have holes in it, these domes have large openings, which constituted a significant challenge and required additional statistical analyses.

▼壳体结构上开有巨大的圆洞，这是一项十分具有挑战性的做法，the domes have large openings, which constituted a significant challenge ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

绿色的轮廓
Green profile

Karen Blixens Plads广场以其柔和的过渡将大学对城市空间的需求与Amager Fælled街区的开放景观结合起来。广场的北侧是一个开放的多功能空间，大学的三个主入口也位于此处。南侧起伏的草地连接了校园与公共空间。除了将自然引入校园，广场景观还能够通过提高雨水处理能力来更好地适应气候的变化。

景观中的一些洼地能够汇集雨水，创造出支持生物多样性的小型生物群落，同时能够促进雨水蒸发，并在极端的降水条件下补充水道，从而帮助场地适应气候的变化。设计使用了简单、兼顾且耐用的材料，且只保留了极少数的灯具和家具元素，以确保实现可持续的城市空间。所有被挑选和保留的构件都十分易于维护，并且有助于为广场赋予绿色的轮廓。

In a soft transition, Karen Blixens Plads brings together the university’s need for urban spaces with the open landscape of the neighboring Amager Fælled (Amager Commons). The north side of the square, where the three main entrances to the university are located, is an open and multipurpose space. To the south, hilly, undulating meadowland connects the campus with the commons. In addition to bringing nature into the campus the landscape also contributes to climate change adaptation by adding a capacity to handle stormwater.

Delaying rainwater in depressions in the landscape utilizes the recreational values of the water and creates small wet biotopes that support biodiversity, enable rainwater evaporation and supplements the canal in case of extreme precipitation, thus contributing to climate change adaptation. The design uses simple, sturdy and durable materials, just as lighting and furnishings are kept to a few, simple elements to ensure a sustainable urban space. All the selected elements are low-maintenance and contribute to the square’s green profile.

▼广场景观将自然引入校园， the landscape brings nature into the campus ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

户外剧场
Outdoor auditorium

户外剧场是广场上的焦点区域，人造的山丘可容纳多达1000位观众。山顶上还提供了额外的站立空间，可满足音乐会和其他大型公众活动的需求。
COBE事务所的创始人Dan Stubbergaard总结道：“总体上讲，这一独特的空间是基于三个主要原则而创建的：改善景观与城市空间的联系、整合最优化的绿色空间与大容量的自行车停放空间，以及创造能够促进社交和学习的城市空间。人们在起伏的山丘上停车、会面、进行小组作业、欣赏音乐会或者举办周末社交活动，除了这些功能上的体验，Karen Blixens Plads广场的景观带来的是一种近乎于教堂的、充满美感且独特的空间体验。

▼设计整合了最优化的绿色空间与大容量的自行车停放空间，the design integrates optimal green spaces with a large capacity for bicycle parking ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

A central feature is an outdoor auditorium with seating for up to 1,000 people on the manmade hills. The hilltops offer additional standing room for concerts or other large public events.
‘All in all, we have created a unique space based on three main principles: improving the connection between landscape and urban space, integrating optimal green spaces with a large capacity for bicycle parking and creating a space that offers good social meeting places and learning environments. The almost cathedral-like form of the bicycle hills further offers an aesthetic experience in its own right, both when people park their bikes and when they meet at the hills for lectures, group work, concerts or Friday afternoon socializing,’ says COBE’s founder, Dan Stubbergaard.

▼夜间照明效果，lighting effect by night ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

▼夜间的“山丘”，bicycle hill night view ©Rasmus Hjortshøj – COAST

▼平面图，plan

Facts:
Program: new urban space by the University of Copenhagen, South Campus (KUA).
Place: Copenhagen, Denmark.
Size: 21,415 m2.
Client: Danish Building and Property Agency. Private donation: grant from the private foundation A.P. Møller og Hustru Chastine Mc-Kinney Møllers Fond til almene Formaal.
Architect: COBE.
Full-service consultant: EKJ Consulting Engineers.
Additional engineers: CN3, Vind-Vind.
Contractors: M. J. Eriksson (construction contract), NCC Denmark (concrete contract).
Press review: The project just had two 5-star reviews and one 6-star review in the major newspapers in Denmark.

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