拥有44套住宅的老年住宅楼，巴塞罗那 / Ravetllat arquitectura

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这座新建的住宅楼位于科尔赛罗拉（Collserola）附近，基地周边的建筑密度较低，分布着一系列大小规模各不相同的建筑体量，有着独一无二的景观视野和位置朝向。从这个层面上来讲，本项目旨在寻找一种适当的建筑介入方式，从而在这个遍布着小型住宅的城市肌理中加入一些较大的建筑体量，以呼应基地周边的大体量建筑。

This new housing building is located in a singular site near Collserola, where the small scale of the domestic nearby buildings is mixed with equipments of bigger entity, combining low urban density with exceptional views and orientation. In this sense, the proposal looks for an adequate implantation to the surroundings, trying to complement the domesticity of the residential single-family fabric with the bigger dimension and scale of other pieces nearby.

▼住宅楼外观，exterior view of the dwelling building

因此，本项目采用了L形的造型，临街立面顺着街道的走势设置，在最佳朝向处保持最大的开放程度，同时，大部分公寓都朝向南方或者东南方。楼梯和电梯组成了住宅楼的核心交通空间，配合着一个二级疏散楼梯，将住户引至全楼的44套公寓。

▼住宅楼爆炸轴测图，采用了L形的造型，exploded axon of the dwellings in an L shape

An L shaped building is proposed, aligned to the streets and open towards the best orientation and views, where most of the dwellings are looking south or southeast. There’s a main core with stairs and elevators, and a secondary evacuation stair, giving access to a total of 44 dwellings, two of them adapted.

▼住宅楼外观，临街立面顺着街道的走势设置，exterior view of the dwelling building that is aligned to the streets

整座住宅楼布局紧凑，入口走廊位于北立面，形成了一个充满活力的空间。另一方面，这部分空间被划分为小块并逐渐抬升，一直通向基地的内部，在保证了南向的最佳景观朝向的同时，与周边的平台空间建立了更加紧密的联系。住宅的主入口位于立面的中间位置，使公寓空间能够尽可能地通向Quatre Camins的街道。

The volume is compacted to the street, with a north façade where corridors with entrance to the apartments are places and an energetic filter is generated. On the other side, however, it is decomposed and escalated towards the interior of the lot, gathering south orientation and making the contact with the neighboring patios more domestic. The main access is located on an intermediate bound, approaching the building to Quatre Camins street, where most of the entries to the building will take place.

▼住宅楼外观，主入口位于北立面的中间，通过室外楼梯进入住宅楼内部，exterior view of the dwellings, the main entrance and its corridor are located on an intermediate bound of north facade, with an outdoor stairs leading up to the apartment building

凭借着项目的地形，建筑师得以创造两个大型的公共空间，老年人可以在此进行一系列露天活动。第一个露台式的公共空间位于住宅楼的二层，可以直接通向花园；第二个公共空间则位于四层，不仅将洗衣房与屋顶空间联系了起来，还为在此居住的老年人提供了绝佳的景观视野。

The adaptation to the topography allows for the creation of two big communal spaces, where elderly people will be able to enjoy open air activities. The first one, located on the first floor, is a terrace with direct relation to the garden, and the other, on the third floor, connects with the laundry and the roof, enjoying privileged views.

▼住宅楼外观，设有宽敞的公共空间，exterior view of the dwelling building with generous communal spaces

每套住宅的面积均为44平方米左右，皆设有一个舒适的阳台空间，这个阳台空间不仅能够将住宅的室内外环境联系在一起，更能为住户提供一个良好的防风和隐私保护。作为补充，陶瓷的格子窗和可定向的遮阳板充当着温度调节器，通过被动通风的方式，不仅节约了能源，更提高了室内居住空间的舒适度。

Every dwelling, with a surface of approximately 44 square meters, has a comfortable space that connects them with the exterior, ined to obtain a better protection against the wind and privacy from neighbors. Complementarily, the ceramic lattices and orientable shades work as temperature regulators and are a passive energy saving measure that increases user comfort.

▼住宅楼外观，陶瓷的格子窗和可定向的遮阳板提高了室内居住空间的舒适度，exterior view of the dwelling building, the ceramic lattices and orientable shades increase users’ comfort

▼住宅楼外观局部，陶瓷的格子窗也可以确保室内空间的私密性，partial exterior view of the dwelling building, the ceramic lattices can guarantee the privacy of the dwelling

住宅楼内部的交通流线和功能空间都十分明确。老人们可以在公共空间的服务台预约一系列日常服务。走廊将各套住宅联系了起来。对于每套住宅，采用半透明的墙体以便于厨房的自然采光，同时，门体的上部分也可以打开，以便于配合着走廊进行对流通风。

▼住宅类型及其所处位置，typologies and locations of the dwellings

▼住宅走廊及入口轴测图，门体的上部分也可以打开，以便于配合着走廊进行对流通风，axon of the corridor and the entrance of each dwelling, the upper part of the door allows to create crossed ventilation through non acclimatized corridors

Inner organization of the dwellings allows to easily organize the program and the circulations. The registration of service installations can be made from common spaces. The dwellings are connected with the corridor with a translucent wall that gives light to the kitchen, and the upper part of the door allows to create crossed ventilation through non acclimatized corridors.

▼楼内走廊和每套住宅的入户空间，the corridor inside the building and the entrance space of each dwelling

总体来说，这座住宅楼对能源的需求很低，可以称得上是一座非常节能的建筑，紧凑且保温隔热的结构可以接近NZEB的标准。在PassivHaus标准的指导下，极佳的建筑朝向和具有热回收效益的机械通风系统使得住宅楼的总耗能量减少了75%，凭借着这一点，本项目获得了A等级的能量评级。

Generally, a minimal ecological footstep and low energetic demand, compact and properly insulated (ETIS) construction is proposed that aims to approach NZEB objective. The profit of solar radiation at good orientation and mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, following PassivHaus standards, allows an estimated decrease of total consume of a 75%, and an A energetic qualification.

▼住宅楼公共空间夜景，night view of the communal space of the dwelling building