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历史背景 History

基地位于4A Garway Road的一片空地上，据传是伦敦Bayswater和Notting Hill最后一片未经开发的爆炸废墟遗留区。它是1940年闪电战中燃烧炸弹遗留下来的一片废墟，直到2003年6月都未经开发。它坐落于Bayswater历史保护区的中心，基地北面的台地和南面的晚期格鲁吉亚风格住宅将这片空地夹在中间。客户于1970年代早期购置了这片地，尽管很多建筑师都愿意为这个基地设计方案，但是直到1980年代中期才将设计权交付于 Westminster. 但不幸的是1980年代晚期经济衰落，项目也未能成行。1996年的初版设计曾计划开发一个多功能的建筑项目。建筑师相信优良的当代建筑可以和传统的建筑共存，于是决定使用最初的设计方案。经过多方建议修改，最终简化为一个三间公寓的住宅项目。经过了漫长的规划设计和多次的项目汇报，设计方案2000年八月终于通过了委员会的审批。

The vacant piece of land known as 14A Garway Road, London W2 was reputedly the last undeveloped bomb site in the Bayswater and Notting Hill area. It was created by an incendiary bomb during the 1940 Blitz and remained untouched until June 2003. The site, in the centre of The Bayswater Conservation area sits between a row of unlisted terraces to the north and a group of listed Late Georgian houses to the south. The client, purchased the land in the early 1970’s. Although a number of Architects expressed interest in producing a scheme for the site, it was not until the mid 1980’s that an application was submitted to Westminster. Unfortunately the downturn in the economy in the late 1980’s meant that the project faltered. Belief that a fine contemporary building could coexist with the traditional building stock and determination to take the initial scheme to appeal was beneficial to a future application. Initial discussions in 1996 led to the development of a mixed-use proposal. After encouragement to simplify the proposal into a residential building of three apartments. After a lengthy planning process and a number of presentations at committee level the scheme was finally approved in August 2000.

设计方案 Scheme

建筑一共有六层，由地下层，地面层和地上四层组成。建筑被分为三部分，每一部分是一户双层的公寓。由于基地相对狭窄，建筑受到此限制，在形式，平面和剖面布局上采取了层层退让的处理手法，让建筑可以轻松的栖居于此。因此每户公寓都有不同的空间体验。建筑中央的石灰石混凝土楼梯和一侧连续的拱腹形成了一条紧凑的走廊，可以通往每一户公寓。

The building consists of six levels; lower ground, raised ground and four levels above. It is divided in section into three two level apartments. Its profile and setbacks, loosely inherited from the previous application and the relatively narrow site influenced plan, form and section. Each apartment as a result has distinct spatial qualities. A central lime concrete staircase and continuous soffit, winding its way to each of the apartments generates a compact processional route through the building.

建筑以砖为主要用材，形成了建筑内外的主要砖砌承重墙。南侧的外立面由橡木窗，双层玻璃，白色预制混凝土墙面和双面固定玻璃组成。每户公寓的内部装潢都不尽相同，在公寓材质的选择上，也与建筑外立面，剖面和光影关系紧紧相连。最底层公寓的墙和地板选用了砖的材质。橡木被用于窗框和其他的细木工部位，确保了与砖面衔接的连续性和完整性。中层公寓的楼板材质则选择了石灰石。顶层公寓布局以大空间为主导，两面玻璃为日光射入提供了条件。水槽由固体石灰石雕刻而成。柜台的厚度与砖保持一致，由石灰石或橡木打造而成。天花板刻意保持了未经装饰的原始状态，照明灯光被精心隐藏于天花板里面。

Brick is the predominant building material, forming all external and internal load bearing walls. Oak fenestration and double glazing, white precast concrete and two face fixed sheets of glass to the south elevation complete the external envelope. Choice of finishes within each apartment is relative to exterior, section and light penetration. In the lower apartment all walls and floors are brick. All joinery is Oak and frames are articulated to ensure continuity of brick surfaces. In the middle apartment limestone is introduced to floors. In the upper apartment two large glazed apertures and a void dominate the layout. Sinks are carved from solid limestone. Counters are of limestone or oak of a thickness equal to a brick. All ceilings are unadorned and lighting is concealed.

▼最底层公寓的墙和地板选用了砖的材质，In the lower apartment all walls and floors are brick

橡木打造的木质家具等，All joinery is Oak and frames are articulated to ensure continuity of brick surfaces.

▼ 中层公寓的楼板材质则选择了石灰石，In the middle apartment limestone is introduced to floors.

▼ 顶层公寓布局以大空间为主导，两面玻璃为日光射入提供了条件，In the upper apartment two large glazed apertures and a void dominate the layout

砌砖工艺 Brickwork

设计伊始，建筑师希望建筑可以利用丰富多样的材质，并采取简单直接的建造方式。公寓周围的建筑使用了重粘土，伦敦证券砖，奶油涂灰泥等材质，建筑师受到了这些建筑的影响，最终选择使用有着特殊纹理的Redbank象牙砖作为建筑的主要材质。远观公寓，与周围的建筑和谐共存，当走进仔细观察，就能看到砖特殊的材质纹理和表面细节。

From the outset, the approach was to design a building rich in material, simple and direct in construction. The surrounding buildings, faced in Gault, London stock brick or crème painted stucco informed discussions with the planners on choice of building material which ultimately led to the selection of the Redbank Ivory, a hard brick with specific textural qualities. At a distance the hue resembles that of the adjoining building; close up the brickwork has unique textural and surface qualities.

两片20米高和17米高拔地而起的墙体组成了南立面，两面墙的施工缝由用灰泥涂抹。为了使施工缝隐形于表面，砖墙的硬度起到了至关重要的作用。天然的水硬石灰砂浆与白砂将承重砖墙结构涂抹连接在一起。石灰泥涂抹的砖缝与象牙砖在材质上留下微妙的对比。总体看来，墙面材质丰富的细节虽然并不明显。但是每块砖都经过了精心的处理，避免了多余的切割和浪费。

The visibility of the south elevation influenced the decision to build using a mortar capable of producing a construction joint free wall of over twenty metres length and seventeen metres in height from lower ground level. Brick strength was also critical in achieving all visible seamless surfaces. The load bearing brick structure is bound together using natural hydraulic lime mortar with white sand. The wide mortar brushed joints form a subtle contrast with the ivory brickwork. In combination, a textured surface quality is achieved that underscores the entire project. Every brick was carefully drawn and set out on site to avoid unnecessary cutting.

室内外剩余的装饰细节也都参考了砖和石灰砂浆砖缝的尺度比例，例如预制混凝土的门楣的尺度，开窗的大小，木工艺活的细致程度，以及石雕工艺的精细程度都经过精心的设计。建筑从始至终关注细节的特点反映在了每块砖的使用和砌造上。建筑师考虑的如此周全是因为砖从结构，形式，体量，材质等各个方面都体现了建筑的个性，精准的砌砖方式也体现了建筑在建造方面的严谨和用心。

The remaining key interior and exterior elements such as precast concrete lintels, fenestration, joinery and stonework derive their dimension and detail directly from the brick and lime mortar module. Detailing throughout the project has been carefully considered to reflect the desire to express all brick surfaces and construction. The result of this carefully considered and crafted approach to the use of brick is an architecture of integrity and rigour where brick is structure, form, volume, surface and finish.

▼ 不同的砌砖方式，表达不同的建筑元素，Different brick crafted approach

▼ 砖，橡木与光影的共舞，Brick, oak and dance with light

▼ 与砖墙尺度比例相辅相成的其他建筑细节，precast concrete lintels, fenestration, joinery and stonework derive their dimension and detail directly from the brick and lime mortar module.

结构 Structure

砖砌承重墙支撑着现场浇注的钢筋混凝土板，搭配组成了建筑的主要结构。尽管看起来很简单，但是建筑师也做出了很多努力来应对建筑多变的要求。墙面的两面都精美无暇。每一块砖都在电脑里建模为一个三维的模型，经过模拟计算，最终可以被精准的定位于墙上。门窗门槛和基石与结构平齐。地板做了加固处理，并且尽可能的纤薄，为了与外部阳台的地板高度保持一致。大面的窗户以钢结构在中央部位加固，这样可以传递楼层之间的负载。为了防止多层建筑倒塌，砖砌承重墙中加了钢元件，柱子，短梁等结构作为辅助受力的元件。为了避免砌砖的时候发生位移，建筑使用了高规格的石灰砂浆。施工过程经过精心的规划，使得每块砖都有足够的固定时间。

The building structure comprises brickwork load- bearing walls throughout supporting in-situ cast reinforced concrete floors. Despite the apparent simplicity of construction much effort has been made to accommodate a variety of architectural requirements. Walls are fair-faced inside and out. The scheme has been modelled in the computer as a three- dimensional object so that every brick location can be designated. Window and door jambs and sills are set flush with the finished structure. The floors are over-reinforced and made as thin as possible externally so that balconies are level with internal spaces. Large picture windows require local framing in steel to transfer high concentrations of load. Multi-storey buildings must be protected from progressive collapse. In this load bearing brick building simple steel elements, columns and stub beams, are dispersed within the brickwork to provide secondary load paths in case of damage. A carefully controlled high specification lime mortar is used for all the masonry so that movement joints are avoided. The construction work was carefully planned to allow adequate curing time for the brickwork.

▼ 建筑细节-楼梯，Details-staircase

▼ 建筑细节-卫生间，Details-Restroom

▼平面图，Floor Plans

▼剖面图，Section

▼立面图，Elevation

Data

Architectural Assistants for Garway Road included: Maria Speyer Gron, Orlando Rodriguez, Sofia Ferreira, Malcolm Thorpe, Ross Tredget.
Rupinder Lall, Principal of Task Specialist Contractors was involved with the project since 1999 and was responsible for its construction.
Matthew Wells, Principal of Techniker Consulting Engineers collaborated on the Structure for the project.
Photographs are by Hélène Binet

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