Indautxu Square / JAAM sociedad de arquitectura

非常感谢JAAM sociedad de arquitectura将以下内容授权gooood发行。
Appreciation towards JAAM sociedad de arquitectura for providing the following description:

建筑师期望用这个广场去应对并融入城市中的劣化空间，用自己的语言及特点为这片区域带来新气象。

This Project is the consequence of a Contest of Ideas. It sought the integration of a deteriorated space into the city, giving its own character
and image through the creation of a specific language for the new square.

以前这片叫Indautxu的广场是一片被道路分裂，市民不爱去的地方。广场的正下方是一个地下停车场，旁边是一个购物中心。身处这样的场地，
非常有必要发展成为良好的公共基础设施。

Before this construction, the Indautxu Square was a deprived space that the residents avoided. It was split by a vehicular road. It was located
above an underground car park and a commercial mall and it didn’t respond well to the subterranean infrastructures. One of the tasks of the
project for the new square was to update these infrastructures in order to obey the current regulations.

人行道被拓宽成为广场的一部分。在广场上建立小型构筑物通往地下空间。另外设计师期望这个被四周楼房包围的广场出现两种空间：一种是适合
社交活动的空间，可用作展览，舞蹈等功能；另外一种是安静的空间适合散步，读书，静静的休息。

It was necessary to replace vehicles with pedestrians as the centre of the proposal. Two of the three roads that crossed the square were
removed, leaving the other only for public transport. At the same time the perimeter of the square was enlarged, and the sidewalks of the
streets were widened in order to support the stores and allow the hotels to have exterior terraces.

The plot of Indautxus’s plaza was almost squared. Three of its sides bordered with vehicular roads, and the fourth with buildings: a block of
apartments and the church Nuestra Señora del Carmen, a construction whose covering presents a characteristic inclination that we adopted
for the small constructions that the square needed.

We wanted the square to present two kinds of spaces: the main one for social events, fairs, dances and exhibitions… and the other one
surrounding the first, for walking, reading: a peaceful space.

建筑师在广场中间化了一个直径40米的大圈，并用一圈半透明的玻璃廊架包围，圈内的空间可作为书籍展览，美食展览，艺术展览等公共活动的空
间。圈外的广场空间满满的点缀上了大小不一的圆形花园。人们可以在里面任意漫步，坐落休息，欣赏花树。

When creating the social space we opted for a big central circle with a diameter of 40 meters. This circle would be used to celebrate fairs of the
arts, of books, of local gastronomical products… To support all of these activities we built a translucent glass and wooden canopy more than
four meters wide which goes along the entire perimeter of the large circle.

此外广场两侧的高差超过三米，建筑师将广场建成一个大缓坡克服高差并保证广场的可达性，易用性。然后广场上安装了各项设施解决地下通风的
和交通(电梯，扶梯)，还安置了卫生间。对于这些设施，采用相同的材料：玻璃，木材，石材；以及相同的强烈倾斜角造型–与当地最独特和最具
参考性的塞尼奥拉卡门所呼应。

The remaining space between the squared perimeter of the plaza and the central circle would become a peaceful space. It shouldn’t be an
open space but filled with vegetation and suitable for walking. Therefore we created circular gardens with a tree in its centre, of different
diameters imitating the central space, and sprinkled throughout the square. Between them there are many picturesque paths for walking that,
on the other hand, allow those who are passing through to cross the square in any direction.

This possibility to cross the square in all directions was another important goal that affected its definition: its urban quality. This goal presented
a problem because there was more than three meters of difference in height from one extreme to the other, and we didn’t want to use steps or
ramps that would affect the walking paths. The solution was to develop a continuous surface with changing inclinations generated from the
union of the square’s centre with the perimeter through straight lines.

On the resulting continuous surface we had to resolve, through small interventions, the different problems caused by the underground. The
emergent installations of the squares for the ventilation of the stores and of the carpark, the new accesses: lifts, stairs and mechanic ramps for
pedestrians, ramps for vehicle access, public bathrooms and a booth for environmental analysis.

To unify this response we developed angles of different geometries, built with glass and wood on a stone base. We situated them on the
perimeter of the plaza to minimize the problems of the surface. The coverings of these angles always have a sharp inclination related with the
architecture of the church Nuestra Señora del Carmen, the most contemporary and unique reference within the urban buildings of the area.

植物布局上，沿着中央大圈布置了枫树，枫香，桦树，红豆杉等落叶树种，外围则种植了一些常绿树种。落叶树种随着季节的变化生长发芽枯萎掉
落，其色彩和形态让广场季相分明。此外广场上的灯具造型突出，形状有些像叶子，成为广场上不可忽略的主要元素。

The trees are composed of distinguished deciduous species along the big central circle: maple and liquidambar; a second ring of birches,
thuya and yew trees, parrotia persica and differents perennial bushy species in the rest of the square. The bigger trees’ leafs will vary in colour
throughout the year and will lose them in the autumns while the rest will keep the leaf through the seasons.

广场灯具有三种高度：10米，8米，6米。它们高低错落，照亮广场还有树木。

For the lighting three different sizes of lamps were created: 10, 8 and 6 metres high. This illumination will be complemented with other lights
from the floor, in order to indicate the ‘main paths’ and to illuminate the bottom part of the trees’ crowns. The lamps are made with a wooden
post at the bottom and a structure with a leaf-like shape at the top that is illuminated at nighttime through LED projectors. Each group of lights
draws a different leaf.

内圈，围绕中心大圈玻璃廊的是10米高的灯具，它们向心性向内照亮大圈。第二圈布置了8米高的灯具，最外圈布置了6米高的灯具，这两圈灯具向
心性的向外照亮广场。

The order of these lamps in the Indautxu Square follows a common pattern with the trees: the first ring around the circle includes the tallest
lamps of 10 metres high, which also give the lighting for public events in the central circle. The second ring includes 8 meter high lamps; and
the third ring, the furthest one, includes the 6 meter high ones. The lighting of the first ring is directed toward the square while the 8 and 6
meter high lamps illuminate the perimeter.

Indautxu Square. Bilbao (Bizkaia)

Architect: Ander Marquet Ryan
Building surveyor: Juncal Aldamizechevarría
Collaborators: Nicolás Espinosa, Aritza Astiz, Hernán Martín
Engineering: Idom
Photographer: Elker Azqueta
Constructor: Balzola construcciones
Surfaces: 18.500m2
Budget: 5.120.765 E
Project year: 2004
Construction year: 2006