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Photos by Guillaume Guerin
13个体量巧妙地聚合在场地的中心
13 VOLUMES CLEVERLY ASSEMBLED IN ONE BIG PUZZLE AT THE MIDDLE OF THE SITE
法国圣路易斯市文体活动中心“Forum”坐落在靠近该市中心和巴塞尔市郊一块三面临街的地块上。其作用是取代城市原有的“宴会厅”，举办各种运动会、联谊活动和文化事件。
Located in Saint-Louis (Alsace, France) in the “Three Borders” region and in the inner suburb of Basel, the “Forum” dedicated to replace the old “Palais des fêtes” of the town, is a cultural facility designed to host associative, sporting and cultural events.
建筑所在的地块面积十分广阔，周围混杂着不同规模、用途各异的建筑：以低层房屋为主的居住区中间散落着几座大尺度的毫无特色的公共建筑，间或有几栋小公司的办公楼和工作坊，此外该地区还包括一座小学和幼儿园。
建筑师力求让设计以最不突兀的方式介入尺度多样的建筑群落之中，同时在小尺度的空间——接待处、办公室、储物柜间，和宴会厅及大礼堂这两个最重要的大空间之间制造强烈的反差。如此一来，在基地斑驳复杂的肌理和建筑复合型的功能之间，建筑师通过体量的累加实现各功能房间的相互联系，同时将两个重要的大厅空间着重体现出来。
The land, vast enough, is located close to the city center of Saint-Louis in an area mixing different scales and uses: it remains a residential area mainly made up of low height houses mingled with some characterless large-sized collective buildings, but it also includes offices and workshops for small companies, as well as a kindergarten and a primary school.
The project has been designed to fit between these different built scales, in the smoothest possible way, by trying to minimize the breaks.
The program also involves strong contrasts between reception/offices/lockers spaces which required small-sized volumes, and the Festival Hall and the Great Hall, the two main spaces of the project which are requiring substantially greater volumes.
Thus, between the relatively heterogeneous nature of the site and the one as well heterogeneous of the program elements, it was essential to work on a play with progressive volumes that could interconnect with each other while displaying the two key programs.
▽ 鸟瞰，建筑与环境；bird view, building and surroundings
整座建筑由各不相同的数个体量构成，气势恢宏的大体量被放置在中心的位置，较小的体量则沿着它的四周来排布。13座不同的体量紧密相连，在基地的中心凝为一体。建筑整体像一块由数个模块拼成的拼图，外形紧凑，同时也将环境的特质清晰地反映在自身当中。
The project is then made of several distinct volumes, linked up to one another in a way the smaller volumes are placed at the edge of the individual houses, and the more imposing ones placed at the center. At the end there are 13 volumes connected to each other gathered at the center of the site, like the pieces of one single puzzle in this work of compactness and articulation with the environment.
▽ 体块透视图纸，perspective of volumes
这些体量遵循同一表现手法，使用同样的形式法则、材料和开窗方式。每一体量的屋顶都是对称的双坡顶，其灵感来自于基地周围的房屋，根据室内空间采光的需求，屋顶分为由东至西和由北至南两种不同的走向。覆盖所有表面的金属材料（©Métal Déployé）塑造了建筑的整体性，并且赋予它独特的、具有辨识性的外观。
总而言之，该项目在两个不同的规模层面都发挥出色：其碎片化的外形同城市环境联系紧密；同时匀质化的手法创造了一个视觉强烈的标志性建筑。
They all fit in a unique writing because they are all covered with the same principles of forms, materials and openings. The roof of each volume is then systematically made of two slopes, inspired by the design of the roofs you can observe in the surroundings, alternating the orientation of the folded faces sometimes North-South, sometimes South-West, in order to capture a light each time different. The expanded metal (©Métal Déployé), used as a cladding on all the facades, also contributes to this unity, and gives the project its originality.
The project thus plays constantly with a double scale: One of fractioning that links the Forum with its urban context, and one of homogeneity that gives the building a strong and iconic design.
▽ 外观，appearance
▽ 入口，entrance
与场所的多重身份相适应的模块化建筑
A MODULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR A MULTI-LIFE PLACE
项目位于一块宽阔而平坦的基地上，这使得设计一座平整的、将功能性和灵活性最大化的建筑成为可能：所有功能房间之间可以流畅地切换，不存在垂直流线带来的滞带感。项目包含以下几个主要的空间：位于北侧的宴会厅、堂位于南侧的多功能大礼、位于西侧公共入口门厅，位于东侧的学生入口门厅以及位于东北角的储柜间。
该项目要解决的主要问题是：基于当下的功能需求，在这些空间之间营造能够直接连通的方式。建筑师如同在设计拼图，每一空间与紧邻的空间之间具有高度的连续性，不需要走廊空间，从而保证了交通流线的通畅和功能切换的流畅。灵活性是项目的根本性问题，每一个空间的布置都是基于对其所必需承担的灵活性能的分析上面。
The building is fortunate to be located on a widespread site, which enables a flat installation and a maximization of functionality and flexibility: all the functions communicate in a fluent way, without vertical breaks. Several sub-spaces are created within the project: the Festival Hall situated on the North, the Great multifunctional Hall situated on the South, the public entrance halls on the West, the schoolchildren entrance hall on the East, and the storage rooms on the Northeast.
The main issue of the project was to ensure that those spaces had the possibility to communicate in a more or less direct way according to the program of the moment.
Designed like a puzzle, each space fits into the continuity of the next one, allowing a fluid circulation and rapid flow between the functions, where no corridor or galleries are needed. The flexibility was a fundamental issue of the project, each space is expressing by analyzing the flexibility allocated to it.
▽ 灵活的空间布局，flexibility of spaces
面积1,870平方米，高13米的大礼堂担负着多种功能：首先它作为专门的运动场地适用于包括篮球、手球、迷你手球、羽毛球、柔道、体操等多种运动，为学校的学生以及体育赛事，甚至是国家层面的比赛（尤其是羽毛球）提供场所。大礼堂还能举办音乐会和演出，能够提供最多2400个站席和由移动看台提供的1000个座席。此外，这里还可用于展览交易会。可伸缩的滑动隔板使得这一空间可以同时容纳多种活动，例如在举办展览会的同时学生们依然能够进行体育训练。
The 1 870 sqm wide and 13 meters high Great Hall, hosts various functions: first it is dedicated to sport practice, namely basketball, handball, mini-handball, badminton, judo, and gymnastics, as much for the schoolchildren than for sportive competitions, sometimes on a national level for some of those disciplines (especially badminton). The Great Hall can also host concerts and shows, with a gauge of maximum 2400 standing people, or about 1000 seating on a mobile bleacher provided for the purpose. Lastly, it can also host exhibitions or/and fairs.
It can be intersected in different ways thanks to a play of retractable sliding partitions, allowing for instance the organization of an exhibition while a sport practice is taking place for the schoolchildren.
▽ 大礼堂，Great Hall
宴会厅面积872平方米，专门用于举办各种演出、婚礼、联谊活动及交易会、展览会等。配备的厨房使其能够举办最多600人的宴会。如在此举办大型舞会或其他活动，人数的标准可达900。紧邻的宴会厅与大礼堂可直接连通，适宜举办诸如大型图书展销会等活动，将整个建筑充分使用。
The Festival Hall covers an area of 872 sqm, and is also dedicated to host shows, associative events, weddings, or even fairs and exhibitions. Right next to it is a kitchen which allows the organization of banquets of 600 persons maximum. That gauge can rise to 900 persons in case of a big event or a ball.
The Festival Hall can be opened directly on the Great Hall thanks to their connection, which is required when fairs and big events like the Book Fair are taking place and that the use of the whole building is necessary.
▽ 宴会厅，Festival Hall
模数化的建筑内部还包括一部分附属空间：通过位于东侧的长廊可以前往两个大厅，如此同时，当活动需要独立的场地时，它也可以起到完全分离空间的作用。
所有共用的工具材料都存放在东北角450平方米的储藏间内：在大型活动期间，这些储藏间会被腾空，当做面向Acacias街的快捷通道来使用，并直接同西侧的宴会厅和南侧的大礼堂相连通。
The modularity is also included for the accompanying functions: the long lobby on the east is leading to the two big areas, at the same time or not if the activities require a separation for a total operational independence.
All the material is shared in storage rooms situated in northeast (450 sqm): during big events, those storages will be specifically adapted with a direct access from the Acacias street, and will be directly connected to the Festival Hall in the west, and to the Great Multifunctional hall in the south.
室内设计：用餐厅的素材营造令人愉悦的环境
THE INDOOR DESIGN: A JOYFUL PALETTE WITH RESISTANT MATERIALS
建筑师试图将室外的氛围延续到室内空间中去：当游客由室外进入大厅的那一刻，他们会发现大厅中长条形的吧台使用的是同立面一样的金属格栅。长度超过14米的吧台贯穿整个大厅空间，其刻意营造的曲折路径，是一种友好的暗示，鼓励人们逗留片刻，跟周围的人一起享用一杯饮品。吧台的上方是相同轮廓的巨型吊灯，将顾客笼罩在一片暖色的光晕下。吊灯的外壳使用金属格栅板，灯光经过过滤映照在墙面、地面上和天花上。建筑师让访客一进入这里，就能感受到独特而多彩的空间氛围。为了突出吧台和上方的吊灯，设计师在墙面上使用了一种柔和的、能带来最佳反射效果的灰色。
We looked for extending the outdoor ambiances into the indoor spaces: As they are walking along the building, the visitors discover the coppered-metal facades, and at the moment they enter the welcoming hall, they find the long bar covered with the same large expanded metal panels. The length of this bar, more than 14 meters, gives it a central role, welcoming and festive: it takes up the space, in a certain way forces the detour, even incites to stop and share a friendly time over a drink.
Above the bar itself, a long chandelier follows its contours and kind of shelters the visitors under a warm light.
The hall seems at once flooded by this bar, but also by the reflects the chandelier is spreading into the space: its envelope made of expanded metal creates a filter that cuts the chandelier inner light and reflects it to the hall walls, grounds, and ceilings. We wanted our visitors to be impressed, as soon as they entered the building, immersed in a unique and colorful atmosphere.
To highlight this bar and its chandelier in the middle of the lobby, the different walls are soberly tinted of a soft grey, the ideal medium to this work with reflects we sought for.
▽ 门厅吧台，bar in the lobby
在主体空间中，设计师使用了同样的色彩搭配：亮眼的橘色和用以衬托它的灰色。同时，为了满足在白天举行音乐会和演出时，对较暗的空间亮度的需求，设计师将黑色色块同另外两种颜色结合使用，尤其是在两个最主要的大空间内。
All through their promenade into the building, the visitors will find this colored palette again, regularly mixing beautiful bright oranges to greys made to enhance them. From time to time, those oranges and greys will be combined to blacks, especially in the two big rooms where a subdued light is needed during the day, whereas the darkest possible medium will be needed at night, to accompany shows and concerts.
▽ 室内色彩设计，interior palette design
标识的设计遵循了同样的形式语言和色彩组合，并从外立面板材的纹理中获得灵感，由一系列成角度的、塑造出折叠和透视效果的菱形图案及文字、箭头、括号等符号组成。
The signage always follows this register, with a graphic work both inspired by this color palette and by the natural pattern of the expanded metal, made of little angular folds we developed in a range of multiple little dynamic lines accompanying the texts, as so many little arrows and braces.
▽ 室内标识设计，signage
室内装饰所用的材料具有朴素又结实的质感：大块的吸声纤维板构成了大部分的墙面，大礼堂中使用的是橘色的地面，同时宴会厅使用的则是竹材拼花地板；铜灯来自Tom Dixon的设计，座椅则是Emaes可叠放的经典系列——足够用于举办各种规格的宴会和联谊活动。值得一提的是，这些家具都来自Vitra，其总部就位于距离圣路易斯不到20公里的地方。
The project’s indoor materials are simple but rustic and strong: large fibracoustic panels on the walls for the sound absorption, orange sports flooring in the Great Hall, beautiful bamboo parquet floor in the Festival Hall, some nice Tom Dixon’s coppered lights, and the last but not least Vitra furniture (whose headquarters are located at less than 20 kilometers of Saint-Louis) with a beautiful set of Eames stackable chairs, which allow to host all the banquets and associative events.
高效节能的一体化表皮
A SINGULAR ENVELOPE FOR A GREAT ENERGETIC EFFICENCY
为了实现建筑个体的功能多样性和总体环境匀质的协调性，建筑师在立面和屋顶使用同一种精加工的金属板材，用巨型框架将其支撑起来，其特殊而明亮的颜色是从自然环境中铜的色彩演变而来。
表皮设计的灵感来源于周围一些遗留的工业化的痕迹：连绵的波浪形的橙色瓦质屋面中不时有砖造的工业烟囱破面而出。
As mentioned above, our wish was to create a unified project, playing on both the multiplicity of the connected volumes, and on a global homogenous design. Thus, all the claddings (facades and roofs) are treated with the same finishing material; an expanded metal (©Métal Déployé) mounted on big frames, with a very specific color inspired from natural copper.
The inspiration has come from the context, which combines big orangey interlocking tile roofs with some industrial brick chimneys reminding the industrial past of the site.
▽ 一体化表皮，a singular envelope for facades and roofs
建筑师使用了一种特殊的经过Akzo Nobel检测的清漆，其半透明的特质使得作为背景的铝材所具有的光泽感可以展现出来。制造商在铝材中加入含有铜粉的颜料，使其具有特殊的色彩。由于颜料的挥发性和操作的难度，让这一工序的实施必须非常精细小心。整个过程使用了几种不同的样板，终于塑造出了这面闪闪发光的表皮。由于光线照射角度和亮度的不同，它可以呈现近乎白色、亮橙色、玫瑰色、淡橘色和三文鱼肉色的多种色彩组合。金属格栅上的孔隙为建筑提供了多变的外观：根据观看者视角的不同，建筑表皮在密闭和透明之间切换。
大面积使用如此复杂精细的材料，赋予了建筑令人炫目的外观，使其成为城市的地标。
We used a specific varnish which we designed and tested with Akzo Nobel: this is a translucent varnish which enables to keep the vision of the expanded metal panels shiny aluminum in the background, in which the manufacturer inserted some pigments containing copper powder. The application was delicate due to the volatility of those pigments and their tricky assembly. The whole required several prototypes, and the result is a glistening envelope which, by turns and according to the light it gets, may vary to an almost white color to a nearly orange bright tint, or also to a roses, salmons and pale oranges palette.
The expanded metal is perforated enough to reinforce this variety of perceptions: it gives the feeling of alternatively a strong opacity, or a transparency according to the angle on which you look at it.
This sophistication of the material along with its implementation on such a big surface, make the building a surprising and calling landmark in the city.
▽ 白天不同光照条件下的建筑外观，building at different time of the day
▽ 金属格栅表皮细部，detail of expanded metal panel
除金属格栅表皮外，建筑还有另外一层由钢筋混凝土和轻质金属框架组成的功能性维护结构，其作用是保温和隔音。这一结构同金属格栅之间留有空隙，这一做法解决了两个技术问题：其一，放置在此的大型技术设备不至于暴露在视野之中；其二，金属格栅在夏季起到有效的屋顶隔热效果，同时其孔隙加强了下方空间的通风，有利于设备的散热，最终降低了建筑中空调的使用率。双层表皮在功能上相互补充，共同构成了这座低能耗建筑的维护结构，并通过动态散热系统获得了BBC节能建筑标识认证。
The project is actually made of two envelopes with complementary functions: A first structural envelope, developed at the nearest of the functions, is forming the core and shell while guaranteeing thermal and acoustic insulations. This first structural envelope is made alternatively of reinforced concrete walls, or of a light metallic set. Over this envelope, a second skin is wrapped, made of large expanded metal panels, mounted on a very simple steel frame and relatively repetitive. Their mounting over the core and shell volume creates a wide plenum.
This plenum, protected by the big uniting envelope that really embraces all the faces of the building, answers two technical issues: First, by masking the numerous and large-sized technical equipment that have been installed or/and spread on the roofs. Then, it makes a kind of thermal protection during summer, plunging all the roofs forming the core and shell and the technical equipment, into a protective relative darkness, while providing a kind of natural ventilation intensified by the expanded metal perforations. All of this finally enables to minimize the use of air conditioning.
The low energy consumption of the building has been achieved thanks the combination of these two complementary functions envelopes, among other things.
The global performance of the building has guided the whole conception and design. The main goal was to reach the BBC label, that is a regulatory consumption level lower for a half of the reference consumption, which is a feat for a cultural facility dedicated to host shows inherently very energy intensive. The achievement of the BBC label has been obtained with dynamic thermal simulation.
▽ 屋面，roof protected by the big uniting envelope
▽ 维护支撑结构图示，structural envelope made of reinforced concrete walls and a light metallic set
▽ 通风隔热系统示意图，ventilation and thermal protection system
而且，与外界相隔绝的外形以及玻璃表面的地使用率都有效降低了能耗。封闭式的立面没有使用常用的幕墙系统，但大量的凸窗和玻璃门在室内外之间建立了联系。
Furthermore, the powerful outside insulation and the low quantity of glass surfaces allow to limit the energy loss. Indeed, the project owns facades primarily closed: no curtain walls but numerous bay windows and glass doors that connect the indoor and outdoor.
▽ 立面局部，façade detail
▽ 开窗，openings
建筑还拥有双向通风系统和三个热泵空调机。整个设备同地区性的供热系统相连接。房间中的新风处理使用部分空气循环利用的CTA系统。除此之外，为达到高效节能建筑师还将非透明墙体的透射系数控制在0.20 W/sqm以下，玻璃墙面在1.5至1.7 W/sqm之间。整个建筑的气密性在4Pa大气压下为1m3/hsqm，这一成果得益于工作团队与承建商的密切合作和精准施工，最后通过专用检测系统对其进行检测。
The building also has dual-flow ventilation and three heat pumps air/air. The whole equipment is connected to the district heating. The new air treatment of the other rooms is made with CTA – in partial recycling.
To achieve efficient consumption labels the attention was paid in the first instance on the built: the wall transmission coefficients lower than 0.20 W/sqmK for the opaque walls, and between 1.5 and 1.7 W/sqm for the glass walls.
A commitment on the air-tightness, with a permeability of 1m3/hsqm under 4 Pa, that results from details of precise execution, through linking workshops with the contractors, and at the end a measure of air-tightness with a specialized organism.
▽ 总平面图，site
▽ 平面图，plan
▽ 剖面图，section
PROGRAM: Great sports/shows multifunctional hall, festival/events hall, reception area, locker rooms, storage area.
ARCHITECT: MANUELLE GAUTRAND ARCHITECTURE Manuelle Gautrand, principal Architect, Cécile Ortolo, project manager.
CLIENT: CITY OF SAINT-LOUIS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT: S.E.R.S.
PROJECT TEAM: Structure engineers: AIC
Fluids engineers: ALTO
Quantity Surveyor: CHOLLEY Acoustic: JP LAMOUREUX
Fire Safety: CSD-FACES
Roads and networks engineers: OTCI
OTHER CONTRIBUTORS: Management and coordination: C2Bi (Strasbourg) Technical controller: Qualiconsult (Strasbourg) H&S Coordination: Veritas (Didenheim)
MAIN COMPANIES: PONTIGGIA: Roads and networks, URBAN-DUMEZ: Structural work, concrete, CABROL: Steel frame, cladding,
MAIN SUPPLIERS: METAL DEPLOYE: Expanded metal cladding, AKZO NOBEL: copper pigment,
VITRA: chairs,
KNAUF: fibracoustic, MOSO: bamboo parquet floor,
KEY NUMBERS: Total floor space: 5.713 sqm
; Great Hall: 1 870 sqm
; Concerts/Shows configuration: 1 700 seats; Sports configuration: 1 000 bleacher seats, sports field: 44 x 26 m
; Festival Hall: 870 sqm, 700 seats
; Reception hall: 300 sqm
; Storage rooms: 450 sqm
; Great Hall ceiling height: 13 m
; Festival Hall ceiling height: 10 m Steel frame:
- Maximum range: 40 m for the Great Hall – 30 m for the Festival Hall
- Weight of the frame: around 350 tons Work cost: 9,7 M€ vat excl.
DATES: Competition: 2010
, Studies: 2011 – 2013, Construction work:
Commencement of work: October 2013, Delivery of the building: December 2015, Opening to public: February 2016
Drawings: Manuelle Gautrand Architecture
English Text: Manuelle Gautrand Architecture
Chinese Text: gooood
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