月见山住宅，神户 / Tato Architects

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从筱原一男到现在许多年轻一代的建筑师都设计并建造过带有花园的住宅。但对于建筑师Yo Shimada而言，给他留下最深印象的是大学时曾参观过的一位熟人的工作室兼住宅：房屋的地板被简单地夯实，没有使用任何固化剂或特殊技术。桌腿周围长满了草，喝剩的茶可以洒在上面。这种设计模糊了花园与室内的界限，也激发了Yo Shimada想打造一个内外部混合的放松空间的心愿。

▼项目外观，楼梯通往香薰治疗室，Exterior, as seen from the road. The external stair leads up to an Aromatherapy treatment room ©shinkenchiku_sha

Many people, including Kazuo Shinohara and architects of my generation, have made houses that contain gardens, but to me the most impressive example was an acquaintance’s studio-cum-residence that I visited when I was in university. The floor of the house had simply been tamped down without using any hardening chemicals or special techniques. As grass grew up around the table legs, you could sprinkle your leftover tea on the ground. The design made it difficult to decide where the garden ended and the interior began. Since that experience, I have often thought about that I would like to create a relaxed space in which interior and exterior intermingle.

▼街道视角，住宅南侧，Exterior, as seen from the road, south ©shinkenchiku_sha

▼西侧建筑外观，Exterior from the west side ©shinkenchiku_sha

“月见山住宅”项目的客户希望能将容纳了起居室和其他房间的主楼，与被篷布覆盖的庭院和附楼风格的浴室相连。但由于门必须具备防火出口的功能，所以在使用玻璃的尺寸和类型方面存在着法律限制。为了能让与门连接的花园和附属建筑在视觉上统一，建筑师采取了大胆的举措，将花园合并到住宅中并打造了庭院。院子和客厅之间使用了带有单窗格玻璃和轻木配件的门，而窗帘则将浴室分隔为院子的一部分。

▼从内部花园朝东侧看去，Inner garden, looking towards east ©shinkenchiku_sha

▼从内部花园朝起居室看去，View towards the living room, from the Inner garden ©shinkenchiku_sha

The client in this project, House in Tsukimiyama, was hoping for a lifestyle in which a main building, containing the living room and other rooms, would be linked to an annex-style bathroom by a tarp-covered courtyard. However, as it was necessary for the door to function as a fire exit, there were legal limitations regarding the size and type of glass that could be used. The question was whether the garden and the annex, connected via the door, would then seem unified. To deal with this situation, I took the bold move of incorporating the garden into the house and making a courtyard. Between the courtyard and the living room, we used a door with single-pane of glass and light wooden fittings, and in the bathroom annex, we used a curtain to partition it off as a section of the courtyard.

▼内部花园、桥梁和天窗，Inner garden, bridge and skylight ©shinkenchiku_sha

庭院中的铝框门可以随时打开，以使新鲜空气从外面进入。尽管有巨大的天窗，但与外界空气之间保持恒定的气体交换可以避免产生闷热的温室氛围。院子上方安装了可以让房屋快速通风的压力通风机。设计团队将起居空间定位在外部庭院和内部花园之间，该外部庭院具有被相邻建筑物包围的内部庭院的特征。创建一个可以依靠家具来定义的内部花园的想法，是Yo Shimada对项目“伊丹之家”中制作的具有类似特征的阳台的延伸。

▼浴室，Inner garden – Bathroom ©shinkenchiku_sha

▼从花园向厨房和餐厅区域看去，View towards the Kitchen and Dining, from the Inner garden ©shinkenchiku_sha

The aluminum-sash door in the courtyard can be opened at any time to let fresh air in from the outside. Creating a constant link to the outside air made it possible to avoid a stuffy hothouse-type atmosphere despite the huge top light. A pressure ventilator is installed above the courtyard, allowing it to be quickly ventilated.  By distributing the rectangular planes on the L-shaped site, we positioned the living space between the outer courtyard, which has the character of an inner courtyard surrounded by neighboring buildings, and the Inner garden. The idea of creating an inner garden that could be inside or outside depending on the furniture, is an extension of the verandah I made for House in Itami, which has a similar character.

▼从起居区域向花园看去，View to the Inner garden, from the living room ©shinkenchiku_sha

“月见山”项目清楚表明了城市花园的发展潜力。市区的外部环境通常缺乏荫蔽和适当的通风，且由于容易成为蚊子和其他害虫的栖息地，人们往往很难在花园中度过舒适的时光。而通过屏障来将昆虫过滤之后，庭院即变成了一处闲适的空间。除此之外，内部庭院在对环境开放的同时还保护了住户的隐私，这使其成为城市房屋内外部之间的重要接口，而城市住宅往往是相当封闭的。对于室内环境和交流来说，庭院也充当着非常重要的角色。

The Tsukimiyama project made it clear how much potential there is for urban gardens. The external environment in an urban area often lacks shade and proper ventilation, and because it is also prone to be a habitat for mosquitoes and other pests, it is difficult to spend a comfortable time in the garden. But by using a screen to filter out the insects, the courtyard becomes a comfortable place. Moreover, the fact that a courtyard is to a certain extent open to the environment without impairing privacy, makes it an important interface between the inside and outside in an urban house, which tends to be rather closed. The courtyard also functions as an important intermediate space, both in terms of the indoor climate and communication.

Design ：Tato Architects/Yo Shimada
 Team / Yo Shimada, Takeshi Oka, Takeo Watanabe 
Structure ：Takashi Manda Structural Design 
Team / Takashi Manda, Taijiro Kato 
Planting ：COCA-Z Tatsuya Kokaji
Construction：Vico，Team / Kyoko Sakai
Structure：Main Structure, Timber
Scale：Two-story house 
Site Area：139.36㎡ 
Building Area：69.31㎡ (49.74% of max 60% of coverage ratio permission)
 Total Floor Area：117.37㎡ (84.22% of max 200% of floor area ratio permission)
Total cost：23,500,000(Excluding design fee)
Completion：2015