gooood对一些机会和条件合适的项目推出深度报道，希望对项目进行更为立体的表达和展现。

本次专辑带来的是 斯图加特大学计算设计学院（ICD）和他们的一系列具有实验性的科研展亭项目。ICD于2008年在斯图加特大学成立，专注于先进计算机设计方法的理论和实践开发，以及机器人建造技术的综合运用。作为ICD项目的重要组成部分，科研展亭是ICD在计算设计和机器人建造方面的近12年科研成果的集中体现。此次，gooood针对这一系列科研展亭项目与ICD创始人兼主任Achim Menges教授对话，旨在让读者进一步了解ICD团队的研究成果及其在数字技术利用方面的突破和创新。

更多关于斯图加特大学计算设计学院（ICD）的项目，请点击：ICD University of Stuttgart on gooood。

gooood would dig into projects which are appropriate for deeper report, in order to present the project in a more comprehensive way.

This episode features a series of experimental Research Pavilion projects by the Institute for Computational Design and Construction (ICD) , which present their results of near 12 years of research on theoretical and practical development of advanced computational design processes and integrative employment of robotic fabrication processes. gooood had an interview with professor Achim Menges, the founding director of the ICD, to deeper understand their achievements and innovation on computational processes in architecture and the related fields.

More about the ICD, please see: ICD University of Stuttgart on gooood

出品人：向玲 | Producer: Xiang Ling
编辑：武晨曦 | Editor: Wu Chenxi

1.ICD是一个怎样的团体？请简单介绍它的创办背景、愿景、团队构成以及工作方式。
How do you introduce the team of ICD? Please briefly describe ICD’s founding background, vision and its way of working.

斯图加特大学计算设计学院（ICD）在2008年由Achim Menges教授在斯图加特大学创立。ICD的目标是培养能够适应先进的计算设计方法，并将其运用在设计、工程、规划和建造等领域的学生。这些主题之间的相互关系同时体现在技术性和智能性两个方面，学生需要基于这两点来大胆探索形式、空间、建造和生态上的潜能。ICD的主要研究领域有两个：一是先进计算机设计方法的理论和实践开发，二是机器人建造技术的综合运用。具体的实现方法是借助计算机技术的发展来平衡形式、材料、结构以及环境的相互作用，并将技术上的进步整合至功能性材料的制造以及建筑系统的生产当中。

The Institute for Computational Design and Construction (ICD) was founded in 2008 at the University of Stuttgart by Professor Achim Menges. The ICD’s goal is to prepare students for the continuing advancement of computational processes in architecture, as they merge the fields of design, engineering, planning and construction. The interrelation of such topics is exposed as both a technical and intellectual venture of formal, spatial, constructional and ecological potentials. There are two primary research fields at the ICD: the theoretical and practical development of advanced computational design processes, and the integrative employment of robotic fabrication processes. These topics are examined through the development of computational methods which balance the reciprocities of form, material, structure and environment, and integrate technological advancements in manufacturing for the production of performative material and building systems.

2.截至目前，ICD完成了多少个“展亭”项目？设计这些展亭的初衷是什么？通常一个亭子的设计周期是多久？从设计到建成需要经历一个怎样的过程？
How many research pavilions has ICD completed so far? What was the original intention of designing these pavilions？Generally, how long will it take to complete a pavilion project, and what process does it take to go from design to completion?

我们目前已经完成了超过15个实验性的建筑项目。通常来说，ICD的项目分为两种类型：ICD/ITKE科研展亭（The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions）属于教育和研究领域的项目，由研究人员和学生共同完成，其实际作用是全方位地实践和检验我们在计算设计和机器人建造上的科研成果。类似的展馆从最初的构想到实际落成一般需要1年至1年半的时间。第二类是与外部客户以及行业伙伴的合作项目。这些项目通常是受委托建造，并且在专业的建筑实践背景下进行开发、批准和实施，同时受到严格的时间和成本约束，因而最终能够将科研展亭的成果带入一个新的高度。举例来说，目前完成的两个BUGA展亭是在2018年3月受托建造，2019年4月便正式开放，从研究、设计到落成，包括审批和获得许可的过程在内，仅花费了13个月的时间。

We have completed more than 15 experimental building projects. Generally, there are two types of projects at ICD: The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions are both educational and research undertakings that are developed and produced by researchers and students. The pavilions are a vehicle to develop and test our research in computational design and robotic fabrication in full scale. Typically, a research pavilion is designed and built in 1 to 1,5 years, from the very first idea to completed construction. The second kind of project are collaborations with external clients and involve industry partners. These commissioned projects take the research pavilions to the next level, as they are developed, approved and executed in the context of professional construction practice and usually happen within strict time and budget constraints. For example, the two BUGA pavilions were commissioned in March 2018 and the opening was in April 2019. In just 13 months the research was completed, the projects designed and constructed, and all approval and permitting procedures accomplished.

▼ICD自成立以来完成的部分“展亭”项目，selected projects of the ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions
（点击这里查看更多ICD的项目，click here to check more projects by ICD on gooood）

3.除了木材、纤维等材料，还有哪些材料实现了数字化的设计和建造？
In addition to wood and fiber, what other materials have been digitally designed and built? What are the characteristics of materials that are ideal for digital design and construction? What are their respective advantages?

除了木材之外，我们还对纺织材料和聚合材料进行数字化设计。聚合材料尤其有趣，我们目前已经对这种由经过设计的颗粒材料构成的空间围合构造进行了许多探索。颗粒材料是一种由大量颗粒或微粒组成的材料系统，这些粒子之间并不相互衔接，而是在摩擦力的作用下相互作用。在自然界中，沙子、碎石或雪都是这样的例子。经人工设计的颗粒材料，其几何形状和质地都是可以由设计者自行定义的，因此设计颗粒的过程能够让颗粒材料的整体属性得到调试和校准。

We have also worked with textiles and aggregates. The aggregates are particularly interesting and we have explored the construction of spatial enclosures made from such designed granular materials. Granular materials are material systems which consist of large numbers of granules or particles. These particles are not bound to each other: they interact only through contact forces. In nature examples are sand, gravel or snow. In a designed granular material the particles are artificially made and consequently their geometry and material can be defined by the designer. Designing the particle allows the calibration of the characteristics of the overall granular material.

木材 | Wood

▼2015-16年科研展亭以片状木材为原料，运用自动化纺织技术手段装配而成（点击这里查看更多），
The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16 demonstrated robotic textile fabrication techniques for segmented timber shells (click HERE to know more)

▼Landesgartenschau展馆集中展现了当前采用参数化设计和机器人加工方法筑造轻型木结构建筑的发展成果（点击这里查看更多），
The Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall is an architectural prototype building and a showcase for the current developments in computational design and robotic fabrication for lightweight timber construction (click HERE to know more)

纤维 | Fibre

▼2012年的科研展亭使用了约60公里长的碳纤维和玻璃纤维复合材料（点击这里查看更多），
The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012 is entirely robotically fabricated from carbon and glass fibre composites (click HERE to know more)

▼2017年的鞘翅馆将树脂浸渍的玻璃纤维和碳纤维在硬化前缠绕在六角形支架上（点击这里查看更多），
to make each component of the Elytra Filament Pavilion, the robot wound resin-soaked glass and carbon fibres onto a hexagonal scaffold before hardening (click HERE to know more)

纺织材料 | Textiles

▼Textile Hybrid M1项目展示了对纺织材料在新型轻质可弯拉结构中的性能的综合研究（点击这里查看更多），Textile Hybrid M1 showcases combined research on the subject of textile material behaviour for new typologies of lightweight tensile and bending-active structures (click HERE to know more)

聚合材料 | Aggregates

▼对聚合材料进行数字化设计的代表性案例：2018年聚合展馆，是首个完全由数字设计的颗粒材料围合而成的建筑空间，（点击这里查看更多）
Aggregate Pavilion 2018 constitutes the first fully enclosed architectural space entirely constructed from designed granules (click HERE to know more)

4. 2018年聚合展馆展示了ICD在颗粒材料方面的为期10年的研究成果，使建筑结构可以不断地被重新配置。你认为建筑的重新配置对于建筑在未来的发展有着怎样的意义？
The ICD Aggregate Pavilion 2018 presents the latest results of 10 years of research into designed granular materials for architecture, which allows for the continuous reconfiguration of architecture. How do you think that the reconfiguration of architecture will influence the evolution of buildings in the future?

重新配置是对建筑学的一项重大挑战，因为目前的大部分设计和建造方法都是在试图维持静态系统和结构的持久性。然而，为了应对未来的社会变化以及对于资源循环利用的迫切需求，构建一个不产生浪费且不造成性能损失的建筑体系才是最令人信服的解决办法之一。因此对于颗粒材料的研究就变得十分切题且有趣——从潜在层面上看，它是一种能够同时实现液态和固态两种形式的建筑材料。颗粒材料可以在使用后被重新配置并持续利用，尤其是在单个颗粒的几何形状经过设计的情况下，整体材料都可以被赋予特殊的性能。这种创新的技术使得颗粒材料本身便可以被看作是一个建筑系统。

▼2018年聚合展馆（点击这里查看更多），
The ICD Aggregate Pavilion 2018 (click HERE to know more)

Reconfiguration is a major challenge for architecture, as most design and construction approaches currently strive for permanence of static systems and structures. However, one of the most convincing ways to respond to both future societal changes and the urgent need for recycling resources are building systems that are reconfigurable without creating waste or a loss of performance. Thus, the investigation of granular materials is particularly interesting and relevant, as they potentially are architectural construction materials with the ability to form both liquid and solid states. They can be reconfigured and constantly recycled after use. Especially if the individual grain is geometrically designed, the behaviour of the overall material can be tuned to display characteristics, which are novel to granular systems. This latter aspect specifically enables granular materials to perform as an architectural system in their own right.

▼两种不同的“设计颗粒”：浮动的球体，和互锁的六足结构，two types of designed particles: convex spheres, which can flow, and highly non-convex hexapods and dekapods, which can interlock

▼颗粒材料能够同时实现液态和固态两种形式，并且可以在使用后被重新配置并持续利用，the granular materials are architectural construction materials with the ability to form both liquid and solid states, and can be reconfigured and constantly recycled after use

▼生成过程，颗粒通过大型的机器人系统倾倒在现场，a cable-driven parallel robot, custom-made to be flexibly installed, was fixed on four points to the walls of the hall and its supporting beam structure

5.你们分别会采用怎样的研究方法对待人造和自然材料？两种类型的材料的发展对于未来建筑设计建造有怎样的意义？
What is the difference in the research method for artificial materials and natural materials? What is the significance of the progress of the two types of materials for architectural design and construction in the future?

这两种材料实际上都属于纤维复合材料，因此不存在太大的区别。木材是一种由纤维素和木质素构成的天然纤维复合材料，而我们所做的玻璃和碳纤维展亭则是由合成的纤维复合材料构成。从本质上说，这两种材料的工作方法是相同的，但就木材而言，我们需要顺应这种以树的组织生长的纤维结构；而在合成纤维中，我们可以自主地设计它们的组织和结构。

We don’t see such a big difference, as we consider both materials to be fibrous composites. Wood is a natural fibre composite material consisting of cellulose fibres and lignin, while our glass- and carbon-fibre projects are made from synthetic fibre composites. Fundamentally they worked in similar ways. But in contrast to wood, where we have to work with the fibre structure that was grown as the tissue of a tree, the synthetic fibres allow us to design their organization and structure.

▼在天然纤维中，需要顺应以树的组织生长的纤维结构（例：BUGA木质展亭），to wood, it is supposed to work with the fibre structure that was grown as the tissue of a tree (e.g. The BUGA Wood Pavilion)

▼在合成纤维中，可以自主地设计纤维的组织和结构（例：BUGA纤维展亭）， the synthetic fibres allow to design their organization and structure (e.g. The BUGA Fibre Pavilion)

6.ICD的展馆项目常常涉及到仿生学，数字化的设计和建造与生物之间有着怎样的联系？
ICD’s projects involve bionics and are often inspired by nature. What is the connection between a digital-designed structure and a living body?

从自然中发现的灵感，加上计算设计和机器人制造技术的进步，以令人惊讶的方式对建筑技术中的现有方法提出了挑战，甚至于创造出截然不同的可能性。生物学为形式、结构和实施过程中的原理提供了取之不竭的资源，并进一步被运用到建筑当中。与此同时，计算也深刻地改变了建筑行业。我们希望借助这些自然中的灵感去探索能够让数字技术在建筑和建造中发挥全部潜力的方法，超越目前已经建立的较为初步的数字化和自动化规程，最终让计算设计与建筑建造实现真正意义上的融合。

Inspiration found in nature, together with advances in computational design and robotic fabrication, challenge existing approaches in building technology in a surprising manner, or even point out completely different possibilities. Biology offers an almost inexhaustible reservoir of principles of form, structure and process that can be transferred to architecture. At the same time, computation profoundly transforms the building industry. We aim to explore ways of tapping the full potential of digital technologies in architecture and construction through inspiration by nature, in order to go beyond the mere digitalization of established planning procedures and the automation of existing building processes towards truly integrative computational design and construction.

▼ICD在多个项目中以海胆的骨架作为形态学原理，The plate skeleton of sea urchins has been frequently used as morphological principles in ICD’s projects：

（上左）Landesgartenschau展馆，(upper left) Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall
（上右）2011年科研展馆，(upper right) ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2011
（下左）BUGA木制展亭，(lower left) BUGA Wood Pavilion
（下右）2015-16年科研展馆，(lower right) ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2015-16

▼鞘翅馆（左）的设计灵感来源于甲壳虫的飞行鞘翅，自适应折叠凉亭（右）结构模仿了瓢虫翅膀的折叠机制。the Elytra Filament Pavilion (left) was inspired by the fibrous structures of the forewing shells of flying beetles known as elytra, while the ITECH Research Demonstrator 2018-19 (right) was inspired by the folding mechanisms of the Ladybug wings

▼2015年科研展亭的新型建造方式受启发于居住在水泡中的水蜘蛛的建巢方式（点击这里查看更多），the novel building method of The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2015 inspired by the underwater nest construction of the water spider (click HERE to know more)

7. “自适应折叠凉亭”（2018-19）是一个非常有意思的动态项目，它可以根据环境来调整自身的形态。如何定义“自适应结构”？在该项目中，对于自适应结构的探索有了怎样的突破？
The ITECH Research Demonstrator 2018-19 has a very impressive compliant structure that can react to changing environmental influences. What is an adaptive structure？In this project, what kind of breakthrough has been made in the exploration of adaptive structures?

自适应结构历来是建筑师和工程师们不懈探索的领域，并且已经产生了许多概念和技术上的方案，其目的是使建筑系统满足不断变化的空间和结构需求，并且及时对环境变化做出回应。最新的自适应结构案例大都是在缸体力学的基础上提出的，该项目的不同之处在于，它探索了纤维增强塑料材料在大型动力折叠系统中的应用潜力，并尝试通过枢纽带的弹性形变来实现空间的重构。此外，它并非只是将计算机技术和机器人系统运用到设计和制造的过程中，而是使其成为结构本身。一体化的运动系统能够自动调整结构的围合程度，同时作为一个自动化的建筑系统来与使用者进行交互和沟通。

▼自适应折叠凉亭探索了纤维增强塑料材料在大型动力折叠系统中的应用潜力（点击这里查看更多），The ITECH Research Demonstrator 2018-19 explores the potentials of utilizing fibre-reinforced plastic materials in large-scale kinetic folding systems (click HERE to know more)

▼凉亭根据环境来调整自身的形态，The ITECH Research Demonstrator 2018-19 can react to changing environmental influences

The pursuit of adaptive structures has captivated architects and engineers throughout history – many concepts and technical solutions have been proposed that might enable building systems to respond to varying spatial and structural demands, as well as to react to changing environmental influences. While most recent examples of adaptive and reconfigurable architectural elements rely on rigid body mechanics, this demonstrator explores the potentials of utilizing fibre-reinforced plastic materials in large-scale kinetic folding systems, utilizing the elastic deformation of distinct flexible hinge zones to enable spatial reconfiguration. Furthermore, it attempts to utilize computational methods and robotic systems not only for design and fabrication, but also as the architecture itself. The overall kinetic system, which can modify its degree of enclosure, is an intelligent robotic architectural system – able to react to and communicate with its users through spatial configuration.

▼能够与使用者进行交互和沟通的自动化建筑系统，an intelligent robotic architectural system that is able to react to and communicate with its users through spatial configuration

▼自适应折叠凉亭工作流程示意，workflow of the ITECH Research Demonstrator 2018-19

8. 在乌尔巴赫塔（Urbach Tower）项目中，如何对木材部件进行编程设计？它是如何依靠材料自身来独立完成整个制造过程的工艺的？
In the project of the Urbach Tower, how was the wood programed? How did the tower transform into the final entirely by itself？

在木材建造中，湿度的变化往往会导致开裂和变形的问题；因此，木结构中的水分变化和应力的生成都必须得到精确的控制。在乌尔巴赫塔（Urbach Tower）项目中，我们利用这种强大的、自然发生的形变来引发材料的自我塑造，以此来完成对木材的“编程”和排列。对机器编程可以使其执行不同的动作，同样地，对木制构件进行编程可以使其在干燥后呈现为预先设定的形状。虽然人们对于如何弯曲木材以实现不同形状和美观性的探索已经持续了数百年，并且已经成为了经过验证的工业生产方法，但这主要还是依靠绝对的机械力来完成塑形的。而现在，新的计算设计和模拟方法可以带来更准确的预判，使我们能够利用这种湿度引发的膨胀和收缩来设计和编写特定的自我塑形行为，并将其应用到越来越大的尺度当中。乌尔巴赫塔展示了高效、经济、环保且富有表现力的木结构建筑所拥有的可能性，而这一成果是在精湛工艺、数字创新以及科学研究的共同作用下才得以实现的。

▼乌尔巴赫塔是世界上第一个由自成型的建筑规模组件构成的建筑结构（点击这里查看更多），the Urbach Tower is the very first structure made from self-shaped, building-scale components in the world (click HERE to know more)

▼乌尔巴赫塔利用自然发生的形变来引发材料的自我塑造，in this project wood is programed and arranged in a way to utilize this powerful, naturally occurring deformation to trigger a designed self-shaping behavior

In timber construction, moisture typically causes problems with cracking and deformation; hence, moisture changes and stress development must be carefully controlled. In contrast, in this project wood is programed and arranged in a way to utilize this powerful, naturally occurring deformation to trigger a designed self-shaping behavior. In the same way that machines can be programmed to perform different movements, wood parts can be programmed to transform into predetermined shapes when dried. While methods of bending wood into different shapes for structure and aesthetics have existed for centuries and have become recognized industrial processes, they still mostly rely on brute mechanical force for the shaping process. New computational design and simulation methods for more accurate prediction, now allow us to use this moisture induced swelling and shrinking to design and program specific self-shaping movements at larger and larger scale. The Urbach Tower showcases the possibilities for efficient, economical, ecological and expressive wood architecture that arises at the intersection of master craft, digital innovation and scientific research.

▼对木制构件进行编程可以使其在干燥后呈现为预先设定的形状，in the same way that machines can be programmed to perform different movements, wood parts can be programmed to transform into predetermined shapes when dried

9.全新的建筑方式需要全新的设计和制造方式，例如BUGA木质展亭是在合作设计（Co-Design）的范式下进行概念构思的，请介绍一下Co-Design的概念以及它的优势。
The BUGA Wood Pavilion was conceived under the paradigm of Co-Design. How do you define “Co-Design” and its superiority?

建筑学和建筑领域创新的一个主要障碍是数字技术研究所固有的分割性，它会侧重于设计和工程学方法、制造和建造过程、材料和建筑体系的其中一个方面。要想利用数字技术带来突破性的进步，就需要找到一种能够在以上所有方面都具有创新性的综合性研究方法。我们的目标就是开发出“合作设计”（Co-Design）这种将具体方法、过程和系统、跨领域社会文化研究以及建筑论证综合起来的全局性的方法论。以该目标为基础，我们的研究计划覆盖了以下5个关键部分：1.真正将计算设计和工程学结合起来的具体方法；2.自动化的信息-物理（cyber-physical）装配和建造过程；3.定义数字设计、下一代材料和建筑体系的系统；4.能够确保包容性和可持续创新的思考；5.能够适应从前瞻性研究到实际建筑应用的快速转变的建筑范例。

A major obstacle for innovation in architecture and the building sector is the compartmentalized nature of research on digital technologies, which separately addresses either the area of design and engineering methods, or fabrication and construction processes, or material and building systems. In order to explore the full potential of computation for ground-breaking advancement, it is vital to adopt an integrative research approach that innovates across all these areas simultaneously. Our goal is to develop an overarching methodology of “co-design” of methods, processes and systems, cross-sectoral socio-cultural studies and building demonstrators. In line with this goal, our research programme operates across the following five key research areas: 1. Methods for truly integrative computational design and engineering, 2. Processes of robotic cyber-physical fabrication and construction, 3. Systems that define genuinely digital, next-generation material and building systems, 4. Reflection to ensure inclusive and sustainable innovation and 5. Building Demonstrators for a rapid turn from visionary research to architectural application.

▼BUGA木质展亭的木片单体结构体系爆炸图（左）和木板不同纹理方向的分析（右），explosion diagram of the shells hollow segments and facade layers (left) of the BUGA Wood Pavilion & computational model showing the plates’ design of different grain directions (right)

▼BUGA木质展亭的自动预制：将自动装配与高精度加工相结合（点击这里查看更多），Robotic Prefabrication used in the The BUGA Wood pavilion: Combining Automated Assembly with High-Precision Machining (click HERE to know more)

10.数字设计和建造需要借助机器人和机械制造工艺，目前ICD拥有哪些先进的制造设备？
Digital design and construction require the help of robotic and mechanical manufacturing processes. What types of advanced manufacturing equipment has currently been used by ICD?

ICD拥有一个配套非常齐全的计算建造实验室（Computational Construction Laboratory），提供了高度灵活的工作环境。数字基础设施能够允许最多36轴的机器人系统进行可变配置。此外，我们还与不同的合作伙伴开发了数个可移动的机器人建造平台，用于建筑构件的非现场及现场预制。

We have a fully equipped Computational Construction Laboratory, which offers a highly flexible work environment with a digital infrastructure that allows the variable set-up of robot systems with up to 36 axes. (See https://www.icd.uni-stuttgart.de/research/research-infrastructure/). In addition, we have developed several mobile robotic fabrication platforms with different partners for offsite and onsite prefabrication of building elements.

▼ICD的计算建造实验室，ICD’s Computational Construction Laboratory

▼生产现场，manufacture

11. ICD目前正专注于哪些研究？现阶段的发展目标是什么？面临哪些挑战？
What research is ICD currently focusing on? What are the goals and challenges at the current stage?

ICD成立了一个新的综合性计算设计和建造精英集群（IntCDC），致力于充分利用数字技术的全部潜能，重新构想以综合性和跨学科性为基础的设计、装配和建造。我们所追求的目标是做出能够改变建筑领域游戏规则的创新，而只有借助大规模的跨学科方法，实施高度一体化的基础性研究，才能够让这一目标得以实现。我们希望通过这种基于跨学科研究（包括建筑学、结构工程学、建筑物理学、工程测量学、制造和系统工程学、计算机科学、机器人学、社会科学以及人文科学）的综合性计算方法来为设计和建造流程以及相关的建筑体系奠定一个方法论上的基础，从而引发更深层次的反思和创新。

精英集群的广阔眼界和跨学科研究成果将促进数字技术综合方法的建立，从而帮助应对目前的增量式方法所无法解决的来自生态、经济和社会等方面的挑战。我们的目标是通过IntCDC使计算设计和工程技术、高效的“信息-物理”（计算和材料紧密相关的）机器人建造流程、新型的人机合作模式、高效且可持续的下一代建筑体系以及社会文化和道德层面的反思形成更高级别的融合，从而为建筑学以及建筑行业创造一个令人瞩目的未来。

We have established a new Cluster of Excellence on Integrative Computational Design and Construction for Architecture (IntCDC) with the aim to harness the full potential of digital technologies in order to rethink design, fabrication and construction based on integration and interdisciplinarity. We pursue the goal of enabling game-changing innovation in the building sector as it can only occur through highly integrative fundamental research in an interdisciplinary, large-scale research undertaking. We aim to lay the methodological foundations for a profound rethinking of the design and building process and related building systems by adopting an integrative computational approach based on interdisciplinary research encompassing architecture, structural engineering, building physics, engineering geodesy, manufacturing and system engineering, computer science and robotics, social sciences and humanities.

The Cluster’s broad methodological insights and interdisciplinary findings are expected to result in comprehensive approaches to harnessing digital technologies, which will help to address the ecological, economic and social challenges that current incremental approaches cannot solve. We envision IntCDC to significantly shape the future of architecture and the building industry through a higher-level integration of computational design and engineering methods, effective cyber-physical (tightly interlinked computational and material) robotic construction processes and new forms of human-machine collaboration, efficient and sustainable next-generation building systems, and socio-cultural and ethical reflection.

▼高效的“信息-物理”机器人建造流程，effective cyber-physical robotic construction processes

▼树立高效且可持续的下一代建筑体系是ICD精英集群的目标之一，building efficient and sustainable next-generation building systems are part of the goals of new Cluster of IntCDC

更多关于斯图加特大学计算设计学院（ICD）的项目，请点击：ICD University of Stuttgart on gooood。ICD官方网站：ICD University of Stuttgart
More projects by the ICD, please see: ICD University of Stuttgart on gooood; official website: ICD University of Stuttgart